Condition-Dependent Functional Shift of Two Drosophila Mtmr Lipid Phosphatases in Autophagy Control

Myotubularin (MTM) and myotubularin-related (MTMR) lipid phosphatases catalyze the removal of a phosphate group from certain phosphatidylinositol derivatives. Because some of these substrates are required for macroautophagy/autophagy, during which unwanted cytoplasmic constituents are delivered into lysosomes for degradation, MTM and MTMRs function as important regulators of the autophagic process. Despite its physiological and medical significance, the specific role of individual MTMR paralogs in autophagy control remains largely unexplored. Here we examined two Drosophila MTMRs, EDTP and Mtmr6, the fly orthologs of mammalian MTMR14 and MTMR6 to MTMR8, respectively, and found that these enzymes affect the autophagic process in a complex, condition-dependent way. EDTP inhibited basal autophagy, but did not influence stress-induced autophagy. In contrast, Mtmr6 promoted the process under nutrient-rich settings, but effectively blocked its hyperactivation in response to stress. Thus, Mtmr6 is the first identified MTMR phosphatase with dual, antagonistic roles in the regulation of autophagy, and shows conditional antagonism/synergism with EDTP in modulating autophagic breakdown. These results provide a deeper insight into the adjustment of autophagy. Abbreviations: Atg, autophagy-related; BDSC, Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center; DGRC, Drosophila Genetic Resource Center; EDTP, Egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase; FYVE, zinc finger domain from Fab1 (yeast ortholog of PIKfyve), YOTB, Vac1 (vesicle transport protein) and EEA1 cysteine-rich proteins; LTR, LysoTracker Red; MTM, myotubularin; MTMR, myotubularin-related; PI, phosphatidylinositol; Pi3K59F, Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PtdIns(3,5)P(2), phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate; PtdIns5P, phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate; ref(2)P, refractory to sigma P; Syx17, Syntaxin 17; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; UAS, upstream activating sequence; Uvrag, UV-resistance associated gene; VDRC, Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center; Vps34, Vacuolar protein sorting 34

A fiatal munkavállalók motivációinak, munkával kapcsolatos elvárásainak vizsgálata megtartására, elkötelezettségének növelésére irányuló vezetési módszerek elemzése és fejlesztési lehetőségei

Szakdolgozati vizsgálatom főként arra a kérdésre fókuszál, hogy a fiatalok motivációját és szervezeti elkötelezettségét megismerve, milyen formában tudjuk tanácsadóként a szervezetek vezetőit fejleszteni annak érdekében, hogy felkészüljenek a fiatal munkavállalók motivációjának növelésére és hosszú távú szervezetben maradásuk támogatására

A kecskeméti főtér fejlődéstörténete és zöldinfrastruktúra szerepének változása = The development history of the main square in Kecskemét and the changing of the role of green infrastructure

Kecskemét urbanizációs folyamatában a főtér mindig is kiemelt szerepet játszott, a téren történő minden városépítészeti beavatkozás hosszútávon is érezteti hatását. A város közösségi élete javarészt itt zajlik, melyhez a történelem során kialakult épület- és téregyüttes mutatós és méltó keretet ad. Szabadtér-rendszerének és térfalainak alakulása mindig társadalmi és gazdasági szinergiák hatására történt, és igazolható, hogy Kecskemét történelmi központjában a társadalom fejlődésével együtt járóváltozások az építészeti és tájépítészeti térformálásban is megjelentek. Jellemző, hogy térszerkezeti és térhasználati módosulások maguk után vonták a települési zöld infrastruktúra egyes elemcsoportjainak fokozatos megjelenését a főtéri téregyüttesben. The Main Square has always played a prominent role in the urbanization process of Kecskemét, and any urban intervention in the square would have a long-term impact. The city’s community life mainly takes place here, and the complex of buildings and squares that have developed over the course of history provide an impressive and wor-thy setting. The development of its open space system and its square walls have always been influenced by social and economic synergies, and all significant changes in the historical centre of Kecskemét can be traced and mapped in the appropriate architectural and landscape architectural spatial formations. Typically, changes in the structure and use of space have led to the gradual emergence of certain groups of elements of municipal green infrastructure in the main square complex

Az Affektív Idegtudományi Személyiség Skálák - Kérdőív

A Jaak Panksepp evolúciós alapokon nyugvó affektív idegtudományi elméletének keretein belül végzett kutatások új szemléletet jelentenek a személyiség megértésében abban a tekintetben, hogy feltárhatóvá válnak a személyiség affektív alapjai. A Panksepp és Davis által kidolgozott Affektív Idegtudományi Személyiség Skálák (ANPS) széles körben használt és elterjedt önjellemző mérőeszköz az elsődleges érzelmi vonások mérésére. Az ANPS három pozitív (KERESÉS, GONDOSKODÁS, JÁTÉKOSSÁG) és három negatív érzelmi skálát tartalmaz (DÜH, SZOMORÚSÁG, FÉLELEM), hetedik skálája pedig a Spiritualitás. Jóllehet az ANPS kérdőív 15 nyelven elérhető, magyar változata még nem készült. Jelen tanulmány célja e hiány pótlása és a kérdőív hazai adaptálása során kapott eredmények ismertetése. Egészséges felnőttek (N = 910) körében végeztünk adatgyűjtést keresztmetszeti kutatás keretében. Az ANPS kérdőív mellett a résztvevők kitöltötték a Viselkedéses Gátló és Aktiváló Rendszer Skálákat (BIS/BAS) és a Pozitív és Negatív Affektivitás Skálákat (PANAS). Az ANPS kérdőív valamennyi skálája jó reliabilitásmutatóval rendelkezik (Cronbach-α = 0,74–0,90). A megerősítő faktorelemzés alátámasztja mind a kétfaktoros, mind a hatfaktoros érzelmi modellt. A konvergens és diszkriminatív validitás vizsgálata a várt eredményeket hozta. Az ANPS skálák magyar adaptációja megfelelő pszichometriai mutatókkal rendelkezik, és alkalmas az elsődleges érzelmi rendszerek mérésére. A kérdőív nemcsak affektív idegtudományi, klinikai pszichológiai és kulturális összehasonlító kutatásokban alkalmazható önkitöltős mérőeszközként, hanem olyan vizsgálatokban is, amelyek evolúciós pszichológiai szemléletben értelmezik az érzelmeket és a személyiséget.Studies conducted in the framework of Jaak Panksepp's Affective Neuroscience Theory provide a new approach to understand the emotional basis of personality. The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) developed by Panksepp and Davis is a common and widely used self-report tool to measure primary emotional traits. The ANPS consist of three positive scales (SEEK, CARE, PLAY), three negative scales (ANGER, SADNESS, FEAR), and Spirituality. Although the ANPS is available in 15 languages, the Hungarian version has not been developed, yet. The aim of the current study is to fill in this gap and report the result of the Hungarian version. Healthy adults (N = 910) participated in a cross-sectional study and filled in the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scales (BIS/BAS), and the Positive and Negative Affective Scales (PANAS). Reliability values of all ANPS scales are good (Cronbach-α = 0.74–0,90). The confirmatory factor analysis supported both the two-factor model and the six-factor model of the emotional traits. The findings of the convergent and discriminative validity are as expected. The Hungarian version of the ANPS has good psychometric properties, and it is suitable for measuring the six primary emotional traits. The ANPS is an appropriate self-report tool for studies in the field of affective neuroscience, clinical psychology, and cross-cultural research

Prevalence of Francisella tularensis and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts in the Tick Population of Hungary and the Genetic Variability of Francisella-Like Agents

Several new taxa belonging to the genus Francisella have been described recently. The present study describes the prevalence of Francisella tularensis and Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLE) in ticks collected from Hungary from 2007 to 2009 and characterizes the genetic variability of FLEs. A total of 5402 Ixodid ticks (Ixodes ricinus, I. acuminatus, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, H. concinna, H. punctata) were collected from vegetation and animal hosts and tested with conventional PCR, detecting the 16S rRNA and tul4 genes. F. tularensis ssp. holarctica was found in 2 pools of H. concinna and 1 pool of D. reticulatus, both representing minimum prevalence (calculated with 1 infected tick per pool) of 0.27% whereas the sequences of a FLE were detected in 11 pools of D. reticulatus showing a minimum prevalence of 3%. Although the tul4 gene sequence of this FLE was identical to all Hungarian and Portuguese FLEs found earlier, and the 16S rRNA sequence was also identical to the sequence of the endosymbiont of D. reticulatus described in Bulgaria, these 16S rRNA gene coding sequences differed in 2 nucleotides from the one found earlier in this tick species in Hungary. This divergence may appear to be a minor difference between the sequences, potentially even resulting from a technical failure, but it could also indicate a significant difference stemming from the conservative genetic character of Francisellaceae. Thus, it raises a question about the number of FLE variants circulating in D. reticulatus in Europe and indicates the need for further data about the FLEs described in other parts of the continent and new FLE genotyping markers

Prevalence of francisella tularensis and francisella-like endosymbionts in the tick population of hungary and the genetic variability of francisella-like agents

Several new taxa belonging to the genus Francisella have been described recently. The present study describes the prevalence of Francisella tularensis and Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLE) in ticks collected from Hungary from 2007 to 2009 and characterizes the genetic variability of FLEs. A total of 5402 Ixodid ticks (Ixodes ricinus, I. acuminatus, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, H. concinna, H. punctata) were collected from vegetation and animal hosts and tested with conventional PCR, detecting the 16S rRNA and tul4 genes. F. tularensis ssp. holarctica was found in 2 pools of H. concinna and 1 pool of D. reticulatus, both representing minimum prevalence (calculated with 1 infected tick per pool) of 0.27% whereas the sequences of a FLE were detected in 11 pools of D. reticulatus showing a minimum prevalence of 3%. Although the tul4 gene sequence of this FLE was identical to all Hungarian and Portuguese FLEs found earlier, and the 16S rRNA sequence was also identical to the sequence of the endosymbiont of D. reticulatus described in Bulgaria, these 16S rRNA gene coding sequences differed in 2 nucleotides from the one found earlier in this tick species in Hungary. This divergence may appear to be a minor difference between the sequences, potentially even resulting from a technical failure, but it could also indicate a significant difference stemming from the conservative genetic character of Francisellaceae. Thus, it raises a question about the number of FLE variants circulating in D. reticulatus in Europe and indicates the need for further data about the FLEs described in other parts of the continent and new FLE genotyping markers

Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Hungary: screening of dairy cows, sheep, commercial milk samples, and ticks

Q fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. There are few reliable data about C. burnetii infection available. The aim of this study was to assess the importance and potential infectious sources of Q fever in Hungary. A total of 215 milk samples (10 individual samples from each herd and 1 bulk tank milk sample from each cattle herd), and 400 serum samples (20 from each herd) were tested from 15 dairy cattle herds and 5 sheep flocks located in different parts of Hungary. The study found 19.3% (58/300) and 38.0% (57/150) seropositivity in cattle, and 0% (0/100) and 6.0% (3/50) seropositivity in sheep, by complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. C. burnetii DNA was detected by IS1111 element-based TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 8.7% (13/150) of individual dairy cow milk samples, 4.0% (2/50) of individual sheep milk samples, and 66.7% (10/15) of dairy bulk tank milk samples. Samples taken from nine different commercially-available pasteurized cow milk products from different Hungarian producers were also tested for the presence of C. burnetii DNA, and eight of these samples were found to be positive (88.9%). The real-time PCR examination of 5402 ixodid ticks collected from different parts of the country yielded negative results. Knowledge of the true prevalence of Q fever is crucial for policymakers involved in evidence-based decision making