Breaking seed dormancy in oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) by microbial inoculation

This study was carried out to determine the effects of microbial inoculation in breaking seed dormancy and on the germination of Rosa damascena Mill. Seeds of R. damascena Mill. are the most used scented rose species in rose oil production. The most important production centers around the world are Turkey and Bulgaria. The seeds were subjected to 4 weeks of warm stratification at 25°C, followed by 150 days of cold stratification at 4 ± 1°C. Before stratification, 4 different microbial fertilizers, EM•1®, B:speel™, BioplinTM and Phosfert™ were inoculated to the seeds. In the study, the microbial inoculation treatments significantly (p < 0.01) promoted the premature germination percentage during cold stratification. During the stratification, the highest premature germination percentage was obtained from the EM•1® (69.3%). The highest germination percentage in terms of cumulative germination percentage was determined in EM•1® (100.0%), followed by Phosfert™ (84.0%) and B: seepel™ (84.0%), whereas the lowest germination percentage was found in the control treatment (69.3%). The EM•1® shortened the mean germination time by 1.7 days in comparison to the control. In conclusion, it was observed that with microbial inoculation (particularly EM•1®) to oil rose seeds and a stratification time of 150 days, dormancy was broken and germination highly improved.Key words: Rosa damascena Mill, dormancy, germination, microbial inoculation, stratification

Cascading of Molecular Logic Gates for Advanced Functions: A Self-Reporting, Activatable Photosensitizer

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Logical progress: Independent molecular logic gates have been designed and characterized. Then, the individual molecular logic gates were coerced to work together within a micelle. Information relay between the two logic gates was achieved through the intermediacy of singlet oxygen. Working together, these concatenated logic gates result in a self-reporting and activatable photosensitizer. GSH=glutathione

Selective photosensitization through an and logic response: Optimization of the pH and glutathione response of activatable photosensitizers

A series of pH and GSH responsive photosensitizers were designed and synthesized. pKa values were optimized by adjusting the inductive contribution of substituents to reach a pH range (6.0-7.4) relevant to the tumour microenvironment. pH-Activatable behaviour and redox mediated release of the quencher from the PS by GSH allow the construction of an AND logic operator for selective photodynamic action in aqueous solutions. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015

Proof of principle for a molecular 1:2 demultiplexer to function as an autonomously switching theranostic device

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Guided by the digital design concepts, we synthesized a two-module molecular demultiplexer (DEMUX) where the output is switched between emission at near IR, and cytotoxic singlet oxygen, with light at 625 nm as the input (I), and acid as the control (c). In the neutral form, the compound fluoresces brightly under excitation at 625 nm, however, acid addition moves the absorption bands of the two modules in opposite directions, resulting in an effective reversal of excitation energy transfer direction, with a concomitant upsurge of singlet oxygen generation and decrease in emission intensity

Toward singlet oxygen delivery at a measured rate: A self-reporting photosensitizer

A Bodipy-based energy transfer cassette with a singlet oxygen reactive linker between the donor and acceptor modules has an interesting emergent property, if the acceptor module is also a photosensitizer. Singlet oxygen produced by the photosensitizer reacts rapidly with the molecule itself to liberate the energy donor, resulting in an enhanced fluorescence emission. The result is a self-reporting photosensitizer providing an assessment of the singlet oxygen production rate under the operational conditions. © 2014 American Chemical Society

Towards unimolecular luminescent solar concentrators: bodipy-based dendritic energy-transfer cascade with panchromatic absorption and monochromatized emission

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Ein in ein Polymer eingebetteter, panchromatischer Bodipy-Absorber mit eingebautem Energiegradienten konzentriert einfallende Sonnenstrahlung an einem endständigen Chromophor und erzeugt so eine monochromatische Emission an den Seiten des Polymer-Wellenleiters (siehe Bild). Dieses besondere Design minimiert Selbstabsorptionsverluste der peripheren Antennen-Einheiten mit einem beeindruckenden S-Faktor von 10 000

Near-IR-Triggered, Remote-Controlled Release of Metal Ions: A Novel Strategy for Caged Ions

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A ligand incorporating a dithioethenyl moiety is cleaved into fragments which have a lower metal-ion affinity upon irradiation with low-energy red/near-IR light. The cleavage is a result of singlet oxygen generation which occurs on excitation of the photosensitizer modules. The method has many tunable factors that could make it a satisfactory caging strategy for metal ions

Non-covalent functionalized SWNTs as delivery agents for novel Bodipy-based potential PDT sensitizers

Pyrenyl-functionalized distyryl-Bodipy sensitizer attached non-covalently to SWNTs was shown to generate singlet oxygen when excited at 660 nm with a red LED array; this work emphasizes the potential of SWNT as a viable alternative carrier of bioactive agents, including photodynamic therapy sensitizers. © 2009 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Tetrastyryl-bodipy dyes: Convenient synthesis and characterization of elusive near IR fluorophores

1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-Bodipy derivatives undergo Knoevenagel-type condensations with aromatic aldehydes to ultimately yield tetrastyryl-Bodipy derivatives. The resulting dyes absorb and emit strongly In the near IR. As the versatility of the Bodipy dyes are fully appreciated, these new tetrastyryl dyes are likely to be featured In a variety of functional supramolecular systems. © 2009 American Chemical Society