Ocular anterior segment pathologies and tear film changes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Ocular manifestations in patients with psoriasis vulgaris have been investigated in only a small number of studies. Our purpose was to identify tear film function and ocular pathologies associated with psoriasis vulgaris in patients who had received neither oral retinoids nor phototherapy. We examined 62 eyes of 31 patients with psoriasis and 60 eyes of 30 age-and-sex matched healthy volunteers. In addition to complete ocular and dermatological examination, tear film function (i.e., tear secretion and tear film stability) were assessed by the Schirmer-I test, as well as by tear film break-up time. None of the controls had any ocular abnormalities, whereas 67.74% of patients with psoriasis had various anterior segment pathologies (P&#60;0.00009). The most prevalent finding was chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (64.5%), as the only pathology (n=9) or in association with other findings, including nonspecific corneal opacities (n=4), cataract (n=3), both corneal opacities and cataract (n=2), and corneal pigment dispersion (n=2). The Schirmer-I test results revealed comparable mean values in the patient group (9.8+-4.2 mm) and in the controls (11.2+-3.7 mm; P=0.078). However, mean tear film break-up time was significantly shorter in the patients (7.2+-2.5 sec) than in the healthy persons (11.7+-3.1 sec; P=0.001). In agreement with some previous reports, our findings clearly demonstrated that early ocular involvement occurs in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, irrespective of the history of previous therapeutic modalities (e.g., retinoid therapy and phototherapy). Thus, the present findings are suggestive of the contributory role of primary etiologic factors of psoriasis in the pathogenesis of ocular changes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.</p

Histopathological effects of maternal hair dye use on the cornea

The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the histopathological effects of hair dye additives, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol (2A5NP) and 2-nitro-p-phenylendiamin (2NPPD) on cornea of neonates from pregnant rats that have been administered these additives subcutaneously. The study included 90 neonates of 26 nulligravida wistar-albino rats among which ten were given 100 mg/kg/day 2A5NP (Group I), ten rats received 150 mg/kg/day 2NPPD (Group II) and control rats received saline (Group III) injections subcutaneously between 7th and 15th gestational days. No sign of toxicity was observed during the treatment and there was no gross abnormality in both the study and control groups. Histopathological changes of cornea were seen in 22 of 30 newborn rats in Group I (73.4%), in 23 of 30 rats in Group II (76.7%) and only 5 of 30 rats in the control saline injected Group III (16.7%). Histopathological effect of the two additives were statistically significant when compared to the control group (Chi-square: 27.63, p = 0.0001), but there was no difference between the effects of 2A5NP and 2NPPD additives on cornea (Chisquare:0.089, p = 0.766). The present experimental study on rats confirmed the histopathological effect of 2A5NP and 2NPPD on cornea beyond doubt. In the light of which, we can speculate that maternal exposure of hair dyes during pregnancy has some teratogenic effects on newborn rat cornea

Ketamine versus propofol for strabismus surgery in children

Ayse Mizrak1, Ibrahim Erbagci2, Tulin Arici1, Ibrahim Ozcan1, Gurkan Tatar2, Unsal Oner11Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey; 2The Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, TurkeyPurpose: To compare the effects of intravenous infusion of ketamine and propofol anesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods: Sixty pediatric patients aged 4&amp;ndash;11 years were enrolled for the study. Patients in Group K were infused ketamine 1&amp;ndash;3 mg/kg/hr (n = 30) and patients in Group P were infused with propofol6&amp;ndash;9 mg/kg/hr (n = 30). After giving fentanyl 1 &amp;micro;g/kg and rocuronium bromide 0.5 mg/kg, patients were intubated.Results: The consumption of anesthetics (P = 0.0001) and antiemetics (P = 0.004), the incidence of &amp;shy;oculocardiac reflex (P = 0.02) in Group K were significantly lower than in Group P. The recovery time (P = 0.008), postoperative agitation score (P = 0.005), Face Pain Scale (P = 0.001), Ramsay Sedation Score (P = 0.01) during awakening and at postoperative 30th min (P = 0.02) in Group K were significantly lower than in Group P. The postoperative agitation score &amp;shy;during awakening was significantly lower than the preoperative values in Group K (P = 0.0001).Conclusions: The infusion of ketamine is more advantageous than the infusion of propofol in children for use in strabismus surgery.Keywords: ketamine, propofol, pediatrics, strabismus, surger

Syrian Civil-War-Related Intraocular Foreign Body Injuries: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis

WOS: 000417394500020PubMed: 27367974Purpose: To analyze the data of patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery due to intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries that occurred in the Syrian civil war. Methods: Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery due to IOFB injuries that occurred during the Syrian civil war were analyzed. Results: Fortyfour eyes (56.4%) had traumatic cataract, 44 (56.4%) had retinal tears, 42 (53.8%) had vitreous hemorrhage, 18 (23%) had retinal detachment, 12 (15.3%) had endophthalmitis, and eight eyes had hyphema (10.2%). IOFBs consisted of metal in 62 eyes (79.4%), stone in eight eyes (10.2%), organic material in four eyes (5.1%), and glass in four eyes (5.1%). Approximately 86% of the eyes had initial VAs of 4/200 or worse. However, VAs improved in 64 eyes (82%) after the surgeries. Conclusions: Despite delays in treatment and the severity of injuries, 82% (64/78) of the eyes had an improvement in VA after the surgeries

Using liquid crystal glasses to treat amblyopia in children

WOS: 000356402100013PubMed: 26059673PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of liquid crystal glasses (LCG) in the treatment of children with monocular amblyopia. METHODS A total of 14 amblyopic eyes of 14 children with monocular amblyopia were enrolled in the study. LCG with appropriate refractive correction were ordered for each patient. Each patient was examined with the new LCG before treatment and monthly thereafter. the parents were informed about the use, care, and charging of the glasses. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured as Snellen decimal notation and converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for statistical analyses. RESULTS the mean age of the study population was 7.4 +/- 1.4 years. Ten patients (71%) had anisometropic amblyopia; 2 (14%), strabismic amblyopia; and 2 (14%), mixed amblyopia. the mean follow-up period was 4.0 +/- 1.2 months (range, 3-7 months). the mean duration of using LCG was 8.2 +/- 2.5 hours daily (range, 4-12 hours). All of 14 patients used the LCG as suggested. the mean logMAR best-corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eyes was 0.6 +/- 0.3 at baseline, improving to 0.3 +/- 0.2 at final follow-up (P < 0.001). No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS the current study demonstrated that LCG wear improved visual acuity in children with monocular amblyopia. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this effect is due to the LCG on/off feature or to refractive correction alone

Surgical outcomes of isolated lens coloboma with or without cataract among young adults

Objective: To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes after phacoemulsification surgery in eyes with isolated lens coloboma. Design: Prospective, consecutive case series. Participants: Eighteen eyes with isolated lens coloboma of 13 patients were included in the study. Mean patient age was 13.9 ± 6.5 years. Methods: Patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery, with combined implantation of capsular tension ring (CTR) and intraocular lens. In colobomas of less than 120°, a CTR was used, whereas in colobomas of more than 120°, a Cionni-modified single eyelet CTR was used to achieve better capsular centration. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, and keratometry. Results: Mean logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity improved significantly from 1.53 ± 0.35 and 1.02 ± 0.47 before surgery to 0.67 ± 0.51 and 0.52 ± 0.49 at the last visit of the follow-up (p < 0.001). Mean refractive cylinder and spherical equivalent decreased significantly from –6.73 ± 1.73 and –6.72 ± 4.07 D preoperatively to –1.40 ± 1.39 and –0.83 ± 1.31 D at the end of the follow-up (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). Mean keratometric astigmatism at preoperative and postoperative visits were 1.58 ± 0.97 and 1.65 ± 0.94 D, respectively (p = 0.70). Conclusions: Phacoemulsification with CTR and intraocular lens implantation is an effective and safe option for providing a refractive correction and a significant visual improvement in eyes with isolated lens coloboma