"We Just Live and Forget": Latino Adolescent Coping with Community Violence Exposure and the Roles of Culture and Parent-Adolescent Relationships.

This dissertation relies on a contextual framework of stress and coping to investigate the roles of voluntary and involuntary stress responses in community violence exposure among Latino adolescents. Guided by feminist theories of intersectionality, it specifically highlights the importance of examining cultural values and parent-adolescent relationships in this context. This dissertation uses a mixed-methods approach to explore and contextualize these connections. The quantitative study uses self-report survey data from 223 Latino 9th graders to explore voluntary and involuntary stress responses in the context of community violence exposure. Findings from this study show that social support seeking and denial, which are volitional coping responses, moderate the relations between personal victimization and depression and PTSD. Moreover, endorsement of traditional gender roles is significantly and positively associated with use of denial coping in Latino adolescents. Cognitive interference, an involuntary stress response, mediated the relation between victimization and depression and PTSD. Parent-adolescent cohesion and cultural family values did not moderate the relation between victimization and involuntary stress responses. This study highlights the importance of understanding the distinct roles which voluntary and involuntary stress responses play in the context of community violence exposure. It also points to the importance of considering gender and beliefs about gender in understanding what aspects of culture influence Latino adolescent coping strategies. The qualitative study explores these relations by examining interviews with 23 Latino 9th graders. Latino adolescents in this study reported involuntary responses to community violence and 4 voluntary coping strategies. Adolescent-reported parental coping varied in terms of the level of engagement with community violence. There were no differences between adolescent stress responses based on parental coping strategies. Finally, Latino parents played a key role in the socialization of proactive coping strategies among their children. Findings from the qualitative study point to the importance of family and parents in Latino adolescent coping with community violence. In all, this dissertation highlights the importance of examining cultural and familial factors when studying stress responses among Latino youth who are exposed to community violence. In so doing, this study aims to inform future intervention efforts with violence exposed Latino youth.Ph.D.Psychology and Women's StudiesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86442/1/qen_1.pd

Does Neighborhood Belonging Matter? Examining School and Neighborhood Belonging as Protective Factors for Latino Adolescents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99097/1/ajop12017.pd

A Latent Profile Analysis of Aggression and Victimization across Relationship Types Among Veterans Who Use Substances

Objective: This study examined patterns of violence victimization and aggression in both intimate partner and non-partner relationships among veterans, and used latent profile analysis to identify subtypes of violence involvement. Methods: Participants were 841 substance use treatment-seeking veterans (94% male) from a large VA Medical Center who completed screening measures for a randomized controlled trial. Self-report measures were: substance use, legal problems, depression, and violence involvement. Results: Past year violence involvement, including both intimate partner (IPV) and non-partner (NPV) were common in the sample; although NPV occurred at somewhat higher rates. When including either IPV or NPV aggression or victimization, over 48% reported involvement with physical violence, 31% with violence involving injury and 86% with psychological aggression. Latent profile analysis including both aggression and victimization in partner and non-partner relationships indicated a four profile solution: no-low violence (NLV, n = 701), predominantly IPV (n = 35), predominantly NPV (n = 83), and high general violence (HGV, n = 22). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that compared to the no-low violence group, the remaining three groups differed in demographics, depressive symptoms, alcohol and other drug use, and legal involvement. Individuals within each profile had different patterns of substance use and legal involvement with the participants with an HGV profile reporting the most legal problems. Conclusions: IPV and NPV are relatively common among veterans seeking substance use treatment. Characteristics of violence and associated substance use, mental health, and legal difficulties may be useful in considering how to tailor substance use and mental health services

Substance Use Among Sexual Minority Collegiate Athletes: A National Study

Background: The empirical research examining substance use among sexual minority collegiate athletes is sparse. Problematically, this group may be at a greater risk of substance use due to their marginalized status within the context of sport. Objectives: We examined different types of substance use during the past 30 days, and diagnosis of substance use disorders during the past 12 months, among sexual minority collegiate athletes. Methods: This study uses data from college students for the fall semester between 2008 and 2012 from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. Results: Sexual minority collegiate athletes had greater odds of past 30-day cigarette use, past 30-day alcohol use, past 30-day marijuana use, and indicating being diagnosed or treated for a substance use disorder during the past 12 months when compared to either heterosexual collegiate athletes or heterosexual nonathletes, but had similar odds on these outcomes when compared to sexual minority nonathletes. Sexual minority collegiate athletes also had greater odds of binge drinking during the past 2 weeks when compared to either heterosexual nonathletes or sexual minority nonathletes, but had similar odds on this outcome when compared to heterosexual collegiate athletes. Additional analyses by gender reveal that male sexual minority athletes are at the greatest risk of being diagnosed or treated for a substance use disorder. Conclusions: Possible explanations as to why sexual minority collegiate athletes (particularly males) may be at a greater risk of substance use disorders could include the difficulty of trying to maintain an athletic identity within a social environment that is traditionally homophobic

A Latent Profile Analysis of Aggression and Victimization across Relationship Types Among Veterans Who Use Substances

Objective: This study examined patterns of violence victimization and aggression in both intimate partner and non-partner relationships among veterans, and used latent profile analysis to identify subtypes of violence involvement. Methods: Participants were 841 substance use treatment-seeking veterans (94% male) from a large VA Medical Center who completed screening measures for a randomized controlled trial. Self-report measures were: substance use, legal problems, depression, and violence involvement. Results: Past year violence involvement, including both intimate partner (IPV) and non-partner (NPV) were common in the sample; although NPV occurred at somewhat higher rates. When including either IPV or NPV aggression or victimization, over 48% reported involvement with physical violence, 31% with violence involving injury and 86% with psychological aggression. Latent profile analysis including both aggression and victimization in partner and non-partner relationships indicated a four profile solution: no-low violence (NLV, n = 701), predominantly IPV (n = 35), predominantly NPV (n = 83), and high general violence (HGV, n = 22). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that compared to the no-low violence group, the remaining three groups differed in demographics, depressive symptoms, alcohol and other drug use, and legal involvement. Individuals within each profile had different patterns of substance use and legal involvement with the participants with an HGV profile reporting the most legal problems. Conclusions: IPV and NPV are relatively common among veterans seeking substance use treatment. Characteristics of violence and associated substance use, mental health, and legal difficulties may be useful in considering how to tailor substance use and mental health services

Diversion of ADHD Stimulants and Victimization Among Adolescents

En l’absence d'éditeur juridique public, les auteurs n’ont longtemps eu d’autre choix que de passer par des intermédiaires marchands pour mettre en page, imprimer, relier et diffuser les sources législatives et jurisprudentielles. Aujourd’hui, l’encadrement juridique de ces pratiques pose question, de même que l’accès aux sources et leur prix prohibitif. Ces questions se posent d’autant plus à l’heure de l’Open Science et des réseaux sociaux. L’État belge peut-il avancer sur la voie du partage des communs, inscrite en germe dans le décret sur la Science Ouverte de mai 2018 et dans la révision de l’article 149 de la Constitution