Pseudogestation et mortalité embryonnaire chez les chèvres Sarde et Saanen: étude préliminaire

Dans une communication précédente, nous avons rapporté les résultats d’une étude sur la pseudogestation (PG) chez la chèvre de race Sarde, qui se basait sur la concentration de PSPB (Pregnant Specific Protein B) mesurée 35 jours après la fin du traitement de synchronisation de l’oestrus et le diagnostic de gestation réalisé par échographie après 60 jours (Epifani et al., 2004). Toutefois, la chronologie des suivis et l’absence des données relatives à la progestérone plasmatique (P4) ne nous a pas permis de distinguer la PG de la mortalité embryonnaire (ME). Cette étude a eu pour objectif d’évaluer l’existence et l’incidence de la PG chez les chèvres élevées en Sardaigne, en la distinguant de la ME et de l’avortement (A)

Effet des jours longs et de la mélatonine sur la réponse à l’effet mâle chez la chèvre Sarde = Effect of long days and melatonin on the response to male effect in Sarda goats

La chèvre Sarde montre une activité sexuelle saisonnière : les chaleurs apparaissent en été-automne et se terminent en hiver (Casu et al., 1981). La nécessité d’avoir les mises bas en automne oblige l’éleveur à avancer l’activité sexuelle des chèvres à juin. C’est pourquoi il est nécessaire induire des ovulations synchrones en dehors de la saison sexuelle. Normalement, ce but est atteint grâce à un traitement hormonal qui implique l’emploi d’acètate de fluorogestone (FGA), cloprostenol et gonadotrophine sérique de jument gravide (PMSG). Toutefois, ce traitement entraîne la production d’anticorps anti PMSG, avec une réduction progressive de son efficacité, et la présence de résidus hormonaux dans le lait, au-dessus des limites autorisées. Puisque la saison sexuelle est réglée par la photopériode et l’introduction des boucs dans un troupeau de chèvres en anoestrus induit l’activité ovulatoire, la manipulation de la photopériode et l’emploi de l’effet mâle sont deux facteurs non pharmacologiques capables d’induire et de synchroniser l’activité ovarienne des chèvres. Ce travail avait pour but d’étudier l’effet de jours longs (avec ou sans mélatonine) sur la réponse à l’effet mâle chez la chèvre Sarde, afin d’induire et synchroniser l’activité ovarienne en dehors de la saison sexuelle, avec une méthode douce et économiquement acceptable

Apparition des pics de LH chez la chèvre Sarde après traitement lumineux et effet mâle = Appearance of LH surge after photoperiodic treatment and male effect in Sarda goat

Les restrictions imposées par l’UE sur l’utilisation de substances hormonales pour induire et synchroniser l’activité ovarienne pendant l’anœstrus saisonnier nous ont conduits à reconsidérer l’utilisation de systèmes sans hormones, plus respectueux du bien-être animal et des besoins des consommateurs. L’activité reproductive chez les caprins en anœstrus saisonnier peut être stimulée par la manipulation de la photopériode ainsi que par effet mâle. L’utilisation de ces deux facteurs non pharmacologiques s’est révélée capable d’induire et, dans une certaine mesure, synchroniser l’activité ovarienne hors-saison chez la chèvre Sarde (Epifani et al., 2010). Le but de cette étude était d’identifier le moment d’apparition du pic préovulatoire de LH chez la chèvre Sarde soumise à un traitement photopériodique et à l’effet mâle, afin de déterminer un moment moyen à inclure dans un protocole standardisé comportant une seule opération d’IA

Utilisation de la thermographie pour le suivi de la détection de l’ovulation chez la chèvre laitière

Chez la chèvre, l’intervalle entre la fin du traitement hormonal de synchronisation des chaleurs et l’ovulation est assez variable (Maurel et al., 1992). Cette étude a été effectuée afin d’identifier de manière non-invasive, le moment de l’ovulation chez la chèvre laitière après un œstrus synchronisé. Ceci a été effectué pour améliorer le taux de gestation suite à l’insémination artificielle (IA). Dans ce but, nous avons utilisé les variations thermiques corporelles enregistrées avec une thermocaméra à infrarouge

European Multicenter Study of ET-COVID-19

International audienceBackground and Purpose: Acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion can be concurrent with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion in patients with COVID-19 are substantially unknown. Our aim was to study early outcomes after MT in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Multicenter, European, cohort study involving 34 stroke centers in France, Italy, Spain, and Belgium. Data were collected between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2020. Consecutive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with large vessel occlusion, who were treated with MT, were included. Primary investigated outcome: 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes: early neurological improvement (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement ≥8 points or 24 hours National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 0–1), successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade ≥2b), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results: We evaluated 93 patients with COVID-19 with large vessel occlusion who underwent MT (median age, 71 years [interquartile range, 59–79]; 63 men [67.7%]). Median pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score were 17 (interquartile range, 11–21) and 8 (interquartile range, 7–9), respectively. Anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke represented 93.5% of cases. The rate modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b to 3 was 79.6% (74 patients [95% CI, 71.3–87.8]). Thirty-day mortality was 29% (27 patients [95% CI, 20–39.4]). Early neurological improvement was 19.5% (17 patients [95% CI, 11.8–29.5]), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 5.4% (5 patients [95% CI, 1.7–12.1]). Patients who died at 30 days exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte count, higher levels of aspartate, and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). After adjustment for age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, and successful reperfusion, these biological markers remained associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio of 2.70 [95% CI, 1.21–5.98] per SD-log decrease in lymphocyte count, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.22–5.77] per SD-log increase in aspartate, and 4.30 [95% CI, 1.43–12.91] per SD-log increase in LDH). Conclusions: The 29% rate of 30-day mortality after MT among patients with COVID-19 is not negligible. Abnormalities of lymphocyte count, LDH and aspartate may depict a patient’s profiles with poorer outcomes after MT. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT04406090

A prospective cohort analysis of the prevalence and predictive factors of delayed discharge after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Italy: the DeDiLaCo Study

Background: The concept of early discharge ≤24 hours after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is still doubted in Italy. This prospective multicentre study aims to analyze the prevalence of patients undergoing elective LC who experienced a delayed discharge >24 hours in an extensive Italian national database and identify potential limiting factors of early discharge after LC. Methods: This is a prospective observational multicentre study performed from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 by 90 Italian surgical units. Results: A total of 4664 patients were included in the study. Clinical reasons were found only for 850 patients (37.7%) discharged >24 hours after LC. After excluding patients with nonclinical reasons for delayed discharge >24 hours, 2 groups based on the length of hospitalization were created: the Early group (≤24 h; 2414 patients, 73.9%) and the Delayed group (>24 h; 850 patients, 26.1%). At the multivariate analysis, ASA III class ( P <0.0001), Charlson's Comorbidity Index (P=0.001), history of choledocholithiasis (P=0.03), presence of peritoneal adhesions (P<0.0001), operative time >60 min (P<0.0001), drain placement (P<0.0001), pain ( P =0.001), postoperative vomiting (P=0.001) and complications (P<0.0001) were independent predictors of delayed discharge >24 hours. Conclusions: The majority of delayed discharges >24 hours after LC in our study were unrelated to the surgery itself. ASA class >II, advanced comorbidity, the presence of peritoneal adhesions, prolonged operative time, and placement of abdominal drainage were intraoperative variables independently associated with failure of early discharge

Effects of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or >= 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care