Prevention of perinatal Group B streptococcal disease: a public health perspective

[prepared by Anne Schuchat, Cynthia Whitney and Kenneth Zangwill]."May 31, 1996"--Cover.Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-24)

Guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency

"These guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency outline the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities required for working with biologic agents at the three highest biosafety levels (BSLs) (levels 2, 3, and 4). The competencies are tiered to a worker's experience at three levels: entry level, midlevel (experienced), and senior level (supervisory or managerial positions). These guidelines were developed on behalf of CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) by an expert panel comprising 27 experts representing state and federal public health laboratories, private sector clinical and research laboratories, and academic centers. They were then reviewed by approximately 300 practitioners representing the relevant fields. The guidelines are intended for laboratorians working with hazardous biologic agents, obtained from either samples or specimens that are maintained and manipulated in clinical, environmental, public health, academic, and research laboratories." - p. 1Introduction -- Methodology -- Guiding principles -- Competencies and skill domains -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A. Terms used in these guidelines -- Appendix B. Biosafety laboratory competency guidelinesCDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories ; prepared by Judy R. Delany, Michael A. Pentella, Joyce A. Rodriguez, Kajari V. Shah, Karen P. Baxley, David E. Holmes."April 15, 2011.""This publication was made possible through the CDC-APHL Cooperative Agreement No. US 60/CD 303019-22. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC or the Association of Public Health Laboratories."Called also: 2011 CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report (2011 CHDIR).The MMWR series of publications is published by Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333.Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (417.74 B, 28 p.).Includes bibliographical references (p. 6)

Guidelines for EPI-AID investigations

"January 1993"--t.p

Science clips

"CDC Science Clips is an online bibliographic digest featuring scientific articles and publications that are shared with the public health community each week, to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge." - p. 1"December 2011."Produced by the CDC Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office Division of Library Sciences & Services for the CDC Public Health Library and Information Center.Also available via the CDC Intranet as an Acrobat .pdf file (410.04 KB, 2 p.)

Public Health Library and Information Center

"The CDC Public Health Library and Information Center (PHLIC) has served as a hub of research, information exchange, and learning for the CDC community since the establishment of the Communicable Disease Center in 1946." - p. 1"October 2011."Produced by the CDC Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office Division of Library Sciences & Services for the CDC Public Health Library and Information Center.Also available via the CDC Intranet as an Acrobat .pdf file (538.17 KB, 2 p.)

Cardiovascular disease risk factors and preventive practices among adults--United States, 1994 : a behavioral risk factor atlas

Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1995-1996: "Abstract Problem/Condition: Since 1971, CDC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs). Reporting Period Covered: This summary includes data for January 1995 through December 1996 and previously unreported outbreaks in 1994. Description of the System: The surveillance system includes data about outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and for voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form. Results: For the period 1995-1996, 13 states reported a total of 22 outbreaks associated with drinking water. These outbreaks caused an estimated total of 2,567 persons to become ill. No deaths were reported. The microbe or chemical that caused the outbreak was identified for 14 (63.6%) of the 22 outbreaks. Giardia lamblia and Shigella sonnei each caused two (9.1%) of the 22 outbreaks; Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and a small round structured virus were implicated for one outbreak (4.5%) each. One of the two outbreaks of giardiasis involved the largest number of cases, with an estimated 1,449 ill persons. Seven outbreaks (31.8% of 22) of chemical poisoning, which involved a total of 90 persons, were reported. Copper and nitrite were associated with two outbreaks (9.1% of 22) each and sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and concentrated liquid soap with one outbreak (4.5%) each. Eleven (50.0%) of the 22 outbreaks were linked to well water, eight in noncommunity and three in community systems. Only three of the 10 outbreaks associated with community water systems were caused by problems at water treatment plants; the other seven resulted from problems in the water distribution systems and plumbing of individual facilities (e.g., a restaurant). Six of the seven outbreaks were associated with chemical contamination of the drinking water; the seventh outbreak was attributed to a small round structured virus. Four of the seven outbreaks occurred because of backflow or backsiphonage through a cross-connection, and two occurred because of high levels of copper that leached into water after the installation of new plumbing. For three of the four outbreaks caused by contamination from a cross-connection, an improperly installed vacuum breaker or a faulty backflow prevention device was identified; no protection against backsiphonage was found for the fourth outbreak. Thirty-seven outbreaks from 17 states were attributed to recreational water exposure and affected an estimated 9,129 persons, including 8,449 persons in two large outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. Twenty-two (59.5%) of these 37 were outbreaks of gastroenteritis; nine (24.3%) were outbreaks of dermatitis; and six (16.2%) were single cases of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri, all of which were fatal. The etiologic agent was identified for 33 (89.2%) of the 37 outbreaks. Six (27.3%) of the 22 outbreaks of gastroenteritis were caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and six (27.3%) by E. coli O157:H7. All of the latter were associated with unchlorinated water (i.e., in lakes) or inadequately chlorinated water (i.e., in a pool). Thirteen (59.1%) of these 22 outbreaks were associated with lake water, eight (36.4%) with swimming or wading pools, and one(4.5%) with a hot spring. Of the nine outbreaks of dermatitis, seven (77.8%) were outbreaks of Pseudomonas dermatitis associated with hot tubs, and two (22.2%) were lake-associated outbreaks of swimmer's itch caused by Schistosoma species. Interpretation: WBDOs caused by E. coli O157:H7 were reported more frequently than in previous years and were associated primarily with recreational lake water. This finding suggests the need for better monitoring of water quality and identification of sources of contamination. Although protozoan parasites, especially Cryptosporidium and Giardia, were associated with fewer reported outbreaks than in previous years, they caused large outbreaks that affected a total of approximately 10,000 persons; all of the outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis were associated with recreational water, primarily swimming pools. Prevention of pool-associated outbreaks caused by chlorine-resistant parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium and to a lesser extent Giardia) is particularly difficult because it requires improved filtration methods as well as education of patrons about hazards associated with fecal accidents, especially in pools frequented by diaper-aged children. The proportion of reported drinking water outbreaks associated with community water systems that were attributed to problems at water treatment plants has steadily declined since 1989 (i.e., 72.7% for 1989-1990, 62.5% for 1991-1992, 57.1% for 1993-1994, and 30.0% for 1995-1996). This decrease might reflect improvements in water treatment and in operation of plants. The outbreaks attributed to contamination in the distribution system suggest that efforts should be increased to prevent cross-connections, especially by installing and monitoring backflow prevention devices. Actions Taken: Surveillance data that identify the types of water systems, their deficiencies, and the etiologic agents associated with outbreaks are used to evaluate the adequacy of current technologies for providing safe drinking and recreational water. In addition, they are used to establish research priorities and can lead to improved water-quality regulations." - p. 1Cardiovascular disease risk factors and preventive practices among adults--United States, 1994 : a behavioral risk factor atlas : "PROBLEM/CONDITIONS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, is the leading cause of death in the United States, and state rates of CVD vary by state and by region of the country. Several behavioral risk factors (i.e., overweight, physical inactivity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) and preventive practices (i.e., weight loss and smoking cessation) are associated with the development of CVD and also vary geographically. This summary displays and analyzes geographic variation in the prevalences of selected CVD risk factors. REPORTING PERIOD: 1994 (1992 for prevalence of hypertension). DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a state-based random-digit-dialing telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged > or =18 years; 50 states and the District of Columbia participated in BRFSS in 1994, and 48 states and the District of Columbia participated in 1992. METHODS: Several different analyses were conducted: a) analysis of state risk factor and preventive practice prevalences by sex and race (i.e., black and white); b) mapping; c) cluster analysis; d) correlations of state prevalence rates by sex and race; and e) regression of state risk factor prevalences on state CHD and stroke mortality rates. RESULTS: Mapping the prevalence of selected CVD risk factors and preventive health practices indicates substantial geographic variation for black and white men and women, as confirmed by cluster analysis. Data for blacks are limited by small sample size, especially in western states. Geographic clustering is found for physical inactivity, smoking, and risk factor combinations. Risk factor prevalences are generally lower in the West and higher in the East. White men and white women are more similar in state risk factor rates than other race-sex pairs; white women and black women ranked second in similarity. State prevalences of physical inactivity and hypertension are strongly associated with state mortality rates of CVD. INTERPRETATION: Geographic patterns of risk factor prevalence suggest the presence (or absence) of sociocultural environments that promote (or inhibit) the given risk factor or preventive behavior. Because the risk factors examined in this summary are associated with CVD, further exploration of the reasons underlying observed geographic patterns might be useful. The BRFSS will continue to provide geographic data about cardiovascular health behaviors with a possible emphasis on more data-based small- area analyses and mapping. This will permit states to more adequately monitor trends that affect the burden of CVD in their regions and the United States. Mapping also facilitates the exploration of patterns of morbidity, health-care use, and mortality, as well as the epidemiology of risk factors. Finally, by identifying those segments of the population with high levels of these risk factors and lower levels of the preventive health practices, public health personnel can better allocate resources and target intervention efforts for the prevention of CVD." - p. 35Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--United States, 1995-1996 / Deborah A. Levy, Michelle S. Bens, Gunther F. Craun, Rebecca L. Calderon, Barbara L. Herwaldt -- Cardiovascular disease risk factors and preventive practices among adults--United States, 1994 : a behavioral risk factor atlas / Robert A. Hahn, Gregory W. Heath, Man-Huei Chang, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System State Coordinators."December 11, 1998."Cover title.Also availalbe via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-20 and p. 46-48)

Statistical summary of notifiable diseases in the United States

"This publication contains summary tables of the official statistics for the occurrence of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States for calendar year 1993. This information is collected and compiled from reports to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Part 1 contains information on morbidity for each of the 49 currently notifiable conditions. In all tables, leprosy is listed as Hansen disease, typhus fever (flea-borne) as murine typhus fever, and typhus fever (tick-borne) as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). The tables show the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC for 1993, as well as the distribution of cases by month and geographic location, and by patient's age, race, and ethnicity. Part 2 contains graphs and maps depicting summary data for many of the notifiable conditions described in tabular form in Part I. Part 3 includes tables showing the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC and to the National Office of Vital Statistics since 1944. It also includes a table on deaths associated with specified notifiable diseases reported to the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, for the period 1982-1991." - p. iiForeward -- Background -- Data sources -- Interpreting data -- 1993 Highlights for selected diseases -- Selected bibliography -- Summaries of notifiable diseases in the United States, 1993 -- Graphs and maps for selected notifiable diseases in the United States -- Historical summary tables covering the period 1944-199 -- Notifiable Diseases"The following CDC staff members prepared this report: Denise T. Koo, Andrew G. Dean, Ruth W. Slade, Carol M. Knowles, Deborah A. Adams, Wanda K. Fortune, Patsy A. Hall, Robert F. Fagan, Barbara Panter-Connah, Harry R. Holden, Gerald F. Jones, Clarence Lee Maddox, Division of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office; Consultant: Willie J. Anderson, Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs, Emory University.""The statistical summary of notifiable diseases in the United States is published to accompany each volume of the Morbidity and mortality weekly report."--T.p. verso.Bibliography: p. xi-xvii.924736

Notifiable diseases, United States, 1994

"This publication contains summary tables of the official statistics for the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States for the year 1994. This information is collected and compiled from reports to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Because the dates of onset and dates of diagnosis for notifiable diseases are often unknown, these surveillance data are presented by the week that they were reported to public health officials. These data are then finalized and published in the MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, for use by state and local health departments; schools of medicine and public health; communications media; local, state, and federal agencies; and other agencies or persons interested in following the trends of reportable conditions in the United States. Publication of the annual summary also ensures documentation of diseases that are considered national priorities for notification and of the annual number of cases of such diseases. Part 1 contains information on morbidity for each of the conditions considered nationally notifiable during 1994. In all tables, leprosy is listed as Hansen disease and typhus fever (tick-borne) as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). The tables show the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC for 1994, as well as the distribution of cases by month and geographic location, and by patient's age, race, and ethnicity. The data are final totals as of July 7, 1995, unless otherwise noted. Part 2 contains graphs and maps depicting summary data for many of the notifiable conditions described in tabular form in Part I. Part 3 includes tables showing the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC and to the National Office of Vital Statistics since 1945. It also includes a table on deaths associated with specified notifiable diseases reported to the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, for the period 1983-1992." - p. iiForeward -- Background -- Data sources -- Interpreting data -- 1994 Highlights for selected diseases -- Bibliography -- Summaries of notifiable diseases in the United States, 1994 -- Graphs and maps for selected notifiable diseases in the United States -- Historical summary tables covering the period 1945-1994 -- Notifiable DiseasesThe following CDC staff members contributed to this report: Denise T. Koo, Andrew G. Dean, Ruth W. Slade, Carol M. Knowles, Deborah A. Adams, Wanda K. Fortune, Patsy A. Hall, Robert F. Fagan, Barbara Panter-Connah, Harry R. Holden, Gerald F. Jones, Clarence Lee Maddox, Division of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office; Dana J. Milk, Scientific Information and Communications Program, Public Health Publications Branch, Epidemiology Program Office; Consultant: , Willie J. Anderson, , Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs, Emory University.Bibliography: p. x-xvi.756553

E-learning essentials : a guide for creating quality electronic learning

CDC's E-learning Essentials Guide was developed for course developers and training decision makers who are new to e-learning. The guide aids in the creation of quality e-learning by identifying key instructional components and summarizing what they are, why they are important, and how to use them most effectively. The guide does not provide step-by-step instructions to create e-learning. For best use of the guide's information, some experience in education, adult learning, or instructional design is recommended. Information on the instructional design process and a glossary of frequently used terms are located in the Instructional Resources section.About this guide -- E-learning defined -- E-learning development -- Key instructional components and best practices -- Analysis -- Interactivity -- Interface and navigation -- Content -- Product evaluation -- Learning assessment -- Conclusion -- Instructional resources.Publication date: January 2013.C5238612A

LEI

"CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) developed the Laboratory Efficiencies Initiative (LEI) to help public health labs across the country achieve long-term sustainability by adopting high-efficiency management practices through: Multi-state sharing of laboratory services and within-state reorganization of test services, Procurement discounts through joint purchasing, Generation of new revenue streams, Standardization of testing methods and platforms, 'Lean' assessments to identify operating system efficiencies and improve workflow management, Informatics strategies such as implementing interoperability across information systems, and Workforce development." - p.1The danger: fewer public health labs can diagnose threats rapidly -- Goal: achieve a sustainable national public health laboratory system through greater efficiency -- LEI strategy -- Selected examples of existing approaches to improving efficiency"May 10, 2012."Available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (308.19 KB, 2 p.)