CDC influenza surveillance report no. 61, December 19, 1961

"Scattered outbreaks of Influenza A2 (Asian) and Influenza B have been observed during 1961 in a number of countries throughout the world. Confirmed outbreaks of Asian influenza were reported from every continent except Antarctica. Influenza B was less ubiquitous, touching only Europe, North America and Asia with recognized outbreaks. Within the continental United States, Asian influenza made its mark early in 1961. At that time, outbreaks were reported from New York City, Stamford and New Haven, Connecticut. It was not prevalent elsewhere. No confirmed outbreaks of Asian influenza have been reported during the present season. In contrast, Influenza B is known to be etiologic in outbreaks in four States at the present time. These are Arizona, Florida, California and Colorado. Southern, Saskatchewan is also involved in an epidemic of Influenza B. Respiratory disease outbreaks are occurring with increasing frequency in the United States with the advent of the winter season. Several States are reporting outbreaks that would appear to be significantly more widespread than usual. These States are Oregon, Missouri, and Illinois. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory studies are under way.Influenza vaccine production has been stepped up to meet the demands. The projected supply will be three times greater than that available last year. The recommendation of the Surgeon General to immunize the high risk groups remains most pertinent. Subcutaneous inoculation is the route of choice." - p. 3I. Summary of information -- II. Epidemic reports: (A.) Asian in\ufb02uenza; (B.) In\ufb02uenza B outbreaks-through October 1961 -- III. In\ufb02uenza vaccine: (A.) Production; (B.) Utilization; (C.) Route of inoculation -- IV. Minor antigenic change -- V. Weekly pneumonia and influenza deathsDecember 19, 1961.This report was prepared in the Surveillance Section, Communicable Disease Center by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Chief, Influenza Surveillance Unit, with the Assistance of the Statistics Section, Robert E. Serfling, Ph.D., Chief."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove

CDC influenza surveillance report no. 59, February 10, 1961

"In the three-week interval since the publication of the last CDC Influenza Surveillance Report, No. 58 January 16, 1961, no outbreaks of influenza or unusual concentrations of cases of influenza-like disease have been reported to this unit. There has been no evidence of influenza activity in the continental United States thus far during the present season. Analysis of current deaths due to influenza and pneumonia received from 108 cities in the United States reveals that the number of deaths through the week ending February 4, 1961, are within the expected limits of normal for the season. Reports received during the past three weeks indicate that the epidemic of influenza in Great Britain, confirmed as due to type A2 influenza virus, is continuing to spread. The epidemic of influenza reported from Japan, centering around metropolitan Tokyo, is likewise continuing, and has been confirmed as due to influenza type B. An epidemic characteristic of influenza, but not yet laboratory confirmed, has been reported from Samoa." - p. 2I. Summary of information-- II. Current status of influenza in the United States-- III. Current analysis of influenza and pneumonia mortality-- IV. International notesFebruray 10, 1961This report was prepared in the Surveillance Section, Communicable Disease Center by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Chief, Influenza Surveillance Unit, with the Assistance of the Statistics Section, Robert E. Serfling, Ph.D., Chief."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove

CDC influenza surveillance report no. 58, January 16, 1961

"In the 9-month interval since the publication of the last CDC Influenza Surveillance Report, No. 57, April 13, 1960, the occurrence of influenza in the United States has been markedly limited in both distribution and frequency. Sporadic reports of laboratory confirmed cases of influenza A, occurring during the summer and fall months of 1960, have come to the attention of the Influenza Surveillance Unity. No outbreaks for influenza of unusual concentrations or cases of influenza-like disease have been reported to this unit thus far during the present season. Analysis of current deaths due to influenza and pneumonia received from 108 cities in the United States reveals that the number of deaths are entirely within the expected limits of normal for the season in the United States as a whole as well as in each of the 9 geographic regions. During the past 9 months scattered reports have been received of influenza occurring in Central and South America, and Europe. A recent report indicates that laboratory-confirmed type A2 influenza is currently epidemic in England. During the fall months the Public Health Service carried out an influenza immunization program encouraging the routine use of influenza vaccine among specific high risk-groups, the aged, the chronically ill, and pregnant women, in order to reduce the extent of excess influenza-associated mortality." - p. 2I. Summary of information-- II. Current status of influenza in the United States-- III. Current analysis of influenza and pneumonia mortality-- IV. International notes -- V. In\ufb02uenza immunizationJanuary 16, 1961This report was prepared in the Surveillance Section, Communicable Disease Center by Theodore C. Eickhoff, M. D., Chief, Influenza Surveillance Unit, with the Assistance of the Statistics Section, Robert E. Serfling, Ph.D., Chief."For administrative use." - cover"Information contained in this report is a summary of data reported to CDC by State Health Departments, Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers, collaborating influenza diagnostic laboratories, and other pertinent sources. Much if it is preliminary in nature and is primarily in nature and is primarily intended for those involved in influenza control activities. It is understood that the contents of these report will not be released to the press, except by the Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. State Health Officers, of course, will judge the advisability of releasing any information from their own state." - cove

The estimated disease burden of acute COVID-19 in the Netherlands in 2020, in disability-adjusted life-years

The impact of COVID-19 on population health is recognised as being substantial, yet few studies have attempted to quantify to what extent infection causes mild or moderate symptoms only, requires hospital and/or ICU admission, results in prolonged and chronic illness, or leads to premature death. We aimed to quantify the total disease burden of acute COVID-19 in the Netherlands in 2020 using the disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) measure, and to investigate how burden varies between age-groups and occupations. Using standard methods and diverse data sources (mandatory notifications, population-level seroprevalence, hospital and ICU admissions, registered COVID-19 deaths, and the literature), we estimated years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability, DALY and DALY per 100,000 population due to COVID-19, excluding post-acute sequelae, stratified by 5-year age-group and occupation category. The total disease burden due to acute COVID-19 was 286,100 (95% CI: 281,700-290,500) DALY, and the per-capita burden was 1640 (95% CI: 1620-1670) DALY/100,000, of which 99.4% consisted of YLL. The per-capita burden increased steeply with age, starting from 60 to 64 years, with relatively little burden estimated for persons under 50 years old. SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated premature mortality was responsible for a considerable direct health burden in the Netherlands, despite extensive public health measures. DALY were much higher than for other high-burden infectious diseases, but lower than estimated for coronary heart disease. These findings are valuable for informing public health decision-makers regarding the expected COVID-19 health burden among population subgroups, and the possible gains from targeted preventative interventions

HIV prevalence trends in selected populations in the United States: results from national serosurveillance, 1993-1997

"Red Cross provide CDC with statistical data from routine HIV testing for surveillance purposes. The objectives of the serosurveillance system are (1) to provide federal, state, and local health officials and the general public with standardized estimates of HIV prevalence among selected populations, (2) to describe the magnitude and changes over time of HIV infection in these populations within regions and within selected demographic and behavioral subgroups, (3) to recognize new or emerging patterns of HIV infection among specific subgroups of the U.S. population, and (4) to assist in directing resources and in targeting programs for HIV prevention and care. From 1987 through 1999, CDC provided technical and financial assistance to state and local health departments to conduct anonymous unlinked HIV surveys in sentinel sites in selected metropolitan areas. The survey sites serve populations at high risk for HIV infection, such as those at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and drug treatment centers (DTCs). Survey sites also included adolescent medicine clinics, which serve a population at lower risk. Investigators from state and local health departments chose clinics for participation in the surveys on the basis of client demographic and behavioral characteristics, local public health priorities, projected sample size, availability of voluntary counseling and testing, logistical considerations, and ability and willingness of the clinic staff to conduct surveys in accordance with national standardized protocols" - p. 1Also available via the World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-51).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Prevalence Trends in Selected Populations in the United States: Results from National Serosurveillance, 1993-1997. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2001:1-51

Guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency

"These guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency outline the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities required for working with biologic agents at the three highest biosafety levels (BSLs) (levels 2, 3, and 4). The competencies are tiered to a worker's experience at three levels: entry level, midlevel (experienced), and senior level (supervisory or managerial positions). These guidelines were developed on behalf of CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) by an expert panel comprising 27 experts representing state and federal public health laboratories, private sector clinical and research laboratories, and academic centers. They were then reviewed by approximately 300 practitioners representing the relevant fields. The guidelines are intended for laboratorians working with hazardous biologic agents, obtained from either samples or specimens that are maintained and manipulated in clinical, environmental, public health, academic, and research laboratories." - p. 1Introduction -- Methodology -- Guiding principles -- Competencies and skill domains -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A. Terms used in these guidelines -- Appendix B. Biosafety laboratory competency guidelinesCDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories ; prepared by Judy R. Delany, Michael A. Pentella, Joyce A. Rodriguez, Kajari V. Shah, Karen P. Baxley, David E. Holmes."April 15, 2011.""This publication was made possible through the CDC-APHL Cooperative Agreement No. US 60/CD 303019-22. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of CDC or the Association of Public Health Laboratories."Called also: 2011 CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report (2011 CHDIR).The MMWR series of publications is published by Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333.Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (417.74 B, 28 p.).Includes bibliographical references (p. 6)

Recommended childhood immunization schedule - United States, 1995

The need for a single childhood immunization schedule prompted the unification of previous vaccine recommendations made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). In addition to presenting the newly recommended schedule for the administration of vaccines during childhood, this report addresses the previous differences between the AAP and ACIP childhood vaccination schedules and the rationale for changing previous recommendations.Introduction -- Rationale for change and current recommendations -- Simultaneous administration of multiple vaccines -- Conclusion -- References.June 16, 1995.The following CDC staff members prepared this report: Jacqueline S. Gindler, Stephen C. Hadler, Peter M. Strebel, John C. Watson, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, National Immunization Program,Includes bibliographical references p. 8-9

Public Health Library and Information Center

"The CDC Public Health Library and Information Center (PHLIC) has served as a hub of research, information exchange, and learning for the CDC community since the establishment of the Communicable Disease Center in 1946." - p. 1"October 2011."Produced by the CDC Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office Division of Library Sciences & Services for the CDC Public Health Library and Information Center.Also available via the CDC Intranet as an Acrobat .pdf file (538.17 KB, 2 p.)

Science clips

"CDC Science Clips is an online bibliographic digest featuring scientific articles and publications that are shared with the public health community each week, to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge." - p. 1"December 2011."Produced by the CDC Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office Division of Library Sciences & Services for the CDC Public Health Library and Information Center.Also available via the CDC Intranet as an Acrobat .pdf file (410.04 KB, 2 p.)