Reactors for microbial electrobiotechnology

From the first electromicrobial experiment to a sophisticated microbial electrochemical process - it all takes place in a reactor. Whereas the reactor design and materials used strongly influence the obtained results, there are no common platforms for MES reactors. This is a critical convention gap, as cross-comparison and benchmarking among MES as well as MES vs. conventional biotechnological processes is needed. Only knowledge driven engineering of MES reactors will pave the way to application and commercialization. In this chapter we first assess the requirements on reactors to be used for bioelectrochemical systems as well as potential losses caused by the reactor design. Subsequently, we compile the main types and designs of reactors used for MES so far, starting from simple H-cells to stirred tank reactors. We conclude with a discussion on the weaknesses and strengths of the existing types of reactors for bioelectrochemical systems that are scored on design criteria and draw conclusions for the future engineering of MES reactors. [GRAPHICS]

Helfer-Leiden: Streß und Burnout in psychosozialen Berufen

Im Zusammenhang mit gesellschaftlichen Fehlentwicklungen werden Krisen helfender Berufe sichtbar, die ihren Niederschlag beim einzelnen u.a. in Stress und "Ausbrennen" finden. Das Buch bietet eine umfassende Analyse bisheriger Burnout-Konzepte. Nach der Auswertung relevanter Forschungsarbeiten zu Stress und Burnout in helfenden Berufen schlagen die Autoren eine an klinisch-psychologischen und arbeitspsychologischen Gesichtspunkten orientierte Integration bisher bekannter Burnout-Modelle in ein handlungs- und tätigkeitstheoretisches Konzept vor

School and home-based responding in an online youth crime survey : A natural experiment related to school lockdown in spring 2020

Peer reviewe

Innerfamiliäre Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche und ihre Auswirkungen

Im Rahmen der KFN-Schülerbefragung 1998 wurden von uns im Jahre 1998 insgesamt 16.190 Jugendliche aus neun verschiedenen Städten befragt. Diese Jugendlichen besuchen eine 9. bzw. 10. Jahrgangsstufe einer allgemeinbildenden Schule. Zusätzlich wurden auch Jugendliche aus berufsvorbereitenden Klassen in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Rücklaufquote dieser standardisierten Befragungen war mit 81,2% der Bruttostichprobe (d.h. bezogen auf alle in den Schulen als Schüler geführten Personen) und mit 95,1% der bereinigten Bruttostichprobe (d.h. bezogen auf die am Befragungstag in den Klassen auch tatsächlich anwesenden Jugendlichen) sehr gut. Ergebnisse dieser Studie wurden schon verschiedentlich veröffentlicht (z.B. Pfeiffer et al. 1998; Pfeiffer & Wetzels 1999; Wetzels & Enzmann 1999). Eine Gesamtdarstellung ist in Vorbereitung (Wetzels, Enzmann, Mecklenburg und Pfeiffer, im Druck). Im folgenden werden die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung soweit sie die Erfahrung innerfamiliärer Gewalt betreffen, dargestellt. Wir beziehen ferner erste Ergebnisse einer laufenden Längsschnittuntersuchung mit jungen Erstinhaftierten ein, die von einer Forschungsgruppe am KFN seit 1998 durchgeführt wird (Enzmann, Greve, Hosser & Bereswil, im Druck). Nach einer Darlegung des theoretischen Rahmenkonzeptes unserer Schülerbefragung und der Skizzierung des Forschungsstandes zum Zusammenhang von familiärer Gewalt und Jugendkriminalität, werden die Ergebnisse der KFN-Schülerbefragung 1998 im Hinblick auf familiäre Gewalterfahrungen und deren Bedeutung für Jugendgewalt dargelegt. Datenbasis ist die Gesamtstichprobe der Befragten aus neun Städten. Die Repräsentativität dieser Studie bezieht sich auf die jeweiligen Erhebungsort (Kiel, Hamburg, Hannover, Wunstorff, Lilienthal, Leipzig, Stuttgart, Schwäbisch Gmünd und München). Es handelt sich im Grunde um neun zwar gleichartige, aber statistisch voneinander unabhängige repräsentative Erhebungen. Da sie jedoch auch jeweils einzeln substanziell zum gleichen Ergebnis führen, können diese Daten durchaus zusammengeführt werden. Der Umstand, daß die Ergebnisse neunmal repliziert werden konnten, verleiht der Aussagekraft dieser Studie unseres Erachtens sogar ein besonderes Gewicht

Claudin-12 is not required for blood-brain barrier tight junction function

Background The blood-brain barrier (BBB) ensures central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by strictly controlling the passage of molecules and solutes from the bloodstream into the CNS. Complex and continuous tight junctions (TJs) between brain endothelial cells block uncontrolled paracellular diffusion of molecules across the BBB, with claudin-5 being its dominant TJs protein. However, claudin-5 deficient mice still display ultrastructurally normal TJs, suggesting the contribution of other claudins or tight-junction associated proteins in establishing BBB junctional complexes. Expression of claudin-12 at the BBB has been reported, however the exact function and subcellular localization of this atypical claudin remains unknown. Methods We created claudin-12-lacZ-knock-in C57BL/6J mice to explore expression of claudin-12 and its role in establishing BBB TJs function during health and neuroinflammation. We furthermore performed a broad standardized phenotypic check-up of the mouse mutant. Results Making use of the lacZ reporter allele, we found claudin-12 to be broadly expressed in numerous organs. In the CNS, expression of claudin-12 was detected in many cell types with very low expression in brain endothelium. Claudin-12(lacZ/lacZ) C57BL/6J mice lacking claudin-12 expression displayed an intact BBB and did not show any signs of BBB dysfunction or aggravated neuroinflammation in an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Determining the precise localization of claudin-12 at the BBB was prohibited by the fact that available anti-claudin-12 antibodies showed comparable detection and staining patterns in tissues from wild-type and claudin-12(lacZ/lacZ) C57BL/6J mice. Conclusions Our present study thus shows that claudin-12 is not essential in establishing or maintaining BBB TJs integrity. Claudin-12 is rather expressed in cells that typically lack TJs suggesting that claudin-12 plays a role other than forming classical TJs. At the same time, in depth phenotypic screening of clinically relevant organ functions of claudin-12(lacZ/lacZ) C57BL/6J mice suggested the involvement of claudin-12 in some neurological but, more prominently, in cardiovascular functions

Where does burnout come from?: History and background

This chapter starts out with a brief history of the burnout construct. It discusses the broader social context of occupational stress and burnout. Burnout was first mentioned as a psychological phenomenon that occurred in the helping professions by Bradley, who proposed a new organisational structure in order to counteract 'staff burnout' among probation officers. The discovery of burnout, almost simultaneously in the early 70s at America's east and west coasts by Herbert Freudenberger and by Christina Maslach and her colleagues, illustrates that burnout first emerged as a social problem and not as a scholarly construct. Typically, the first publications on burnout were anecdotal and appeared in journals, magazines, and periodicals not only for professionals such as teachers, social workers, nurses, physicians, and managers, but also for pharmacists, fire-fighters, and librarians. Social psychologists such as Christina Maslach and Ayala Pines placed burnout on the scientific agenda against all the odds

R2_MZ: Stata module to compute McKelvey & Zavoina's R2

r2_mz is a post-estimation command that computes McKelvey & Zavoina's R2 for multilevel logistic regression, random effects, and fixed effects logit and probit models.McKelvey, Zavoina, R2, multilevel logistic regression, random effects, fixed effects logit, fixed effects probit

SCORES: Stata module to create scores (row-wise) of a set of variables allowing the specification of the number of valid values required

Using row functions of egen, scores calculates scores according to fcn using variables listed in varlist and assigns them to the new variable newvar. If the number of valid values of varlist is less than minvalid(#) the resulting score will be set to missing. fcn can be one of several egen functions. -scores- now allows to calculate median and percentile scores, proportions of maximum possible scores, and shrunken proportions of maximum possible scores. Additionally, it allows by: and fweights, aweights, or iweights (only useful if requesting z-scores, mean centered scores, or shrunken proportions of maximum possible scores).scores, percent of maximum possible, POMP, egen

DTA2SAV: Stata module to export in SPSS format

dta2sav creates SPSS syntax and a Stata data file to convert Stata data into SPSS data. Extended missing values which are labeled will be recoded into "numeric" values which will be defined as missing by using SPSS syntax commands created by dta2sav. This allows to preserve labels of missing values as defined in Stata for subsequent use in SPSS.SPSS, export data, missing values

MERESC: Stata module to rescale the results of mixed nonlinear probability models

meresc rescales the results of mixed nonlinear probability models such as xtmelogit, xtlogit, or xtprobit to the same scale as the intercept-only model. This allows to compare regression coefficients or variance components across hierarchically nested models.mixed nonlinear probability models, xtmelogit, xtlogit, xtprobit