430 research outputs found
Conducting polymer wires in mesopore hosts
Nanometer-size conducting structures are of great interest in view of
fundamental issues and potential applications. We explore the inclusion
chemistry of conjugated polymers and graphite-like materials as a
means to create such structures. Novel mesoporous materials with pore
diameters in the 3 nm range (MCM-41) are used as hosts. Monomer
molecules are introduced via vapor or solution transfer and
polymerized either by included or external reagents. The properties of
the conjugated systems are studied while encapsulated or after
dissolution of the host. In the case of polyaniline formed on oxidation of
aniline with persulfate, microwave absorption shows the presence of
conducting filaments in the host channels. The above systems are
compared with graphite-type material encapsulated in MCM-41 by first
forming a precursor polymer such as polyacrylonitrile that is pyrolyzed
at 500-800°C. These polymer chains are the first nanometer-size
conducting filaments stabilized in a well-defined channel host
Encapsulation of polyaniline in zeolite Y and mordenite
Synthetic strategies to encapsulate polyaniline in the crystalline channel system of
faujasite (three-dimensional) and mordenite (one-dimensional) have been explored. The
adsorption of anilinium precursor into the zeolite host and its successful oxidation to
polyaniline have been studied utilizing FTIR, Fourier Transform Raman, and electronic
spectroscopies. The dimensionality of the host channel system and the concentratio
Polythiophenes and oligothiophenes in zeolite hosts
The polymerization of different thiophenes in the channels of molecular sieve zeolite hosts
is described. Thiophene, 3-methyIthiophene, 2,2'-bithiophene, and terthiophene were introduced
into dehydrated proton-, Cu(II)- or Fe(III)-containing zeolites (NaY and Na-mordenite) from
organic solvents or vapor-phase. In the large-pore hosts, green-black products are formed
from the monomers within several minutes. Spectroscopic characterization (IR, UV-NIR)
confirms the formation of oxidized polymer chains in the zeolite channels. UV-Near IR reflectance
spectra of the zeolite/polythiophene samples exhibit a broad absorption from 500 to about 2500 nm
as the bulk and not the resolved spectra of short oligomers, thus fairly long polymer chains are
formed in the zeolites. Conducting polymers can be recovered after dissolution of the zeolite host
in HF. 2, 2'-bithiophene and a-terthiophene in acidic H2Y and U^Y zeolites (2 and 6 protons per
super cage/ß-cage) yield yellow-green and purple products, respectively. UV-NIR reflectance data
indicate that the acidic zeolite hosts oxidize the thiophene oligomers to yield stable radical cations
and dications in their channel systems
Intrazeolite synthesis of polythiophene chains
Adsorption of thiophene and 3-methylthiophene into the channel system of transition metal-containing zeolites Y and mordenite results in oxidative polymerization to give encapsulated chains of polythiophene and poly(3-methylthiophene)
Intrazeolite assembly and pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile
Radical polymerization of acrylonitrile within the pores of zeolites Y and mordenite produces intrazeolite polyacrylonitrile that can be pyrolysed to form conducting carbon filaments
Synthesis of oligo- and polythiophenes in zeolite hosts
Oligomers and polymers of thiophene derivatives were synthesized in the channels of
zeolite Y and mordenite. Intrazeolite oxidation of monomers such as thiophene , 3-
methylthiophene , and bithiophene by Fe(lll) or Cu(ll) ions results in formation of insoluble
polymers that have spectroscopic properties similar to the corresponding bulk polymers. The
zeolites containing the polymers are nonconducting, but when extracted from the host, the
polymers show d.c. conductivities typical for t he bulk materials. Oligothiophene species with welldefined
electronic transitions could be produced in acidic zeolite Y
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