The Avian Transcription Factor c-Rel is Expressed in Lymphocyte Precursor Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells During Thymus Development

Transcription factors of the Rel/NF-κB family are widely involved in the immune system. In this study, we investigate the in vivo expression of the avian protein c-Rel in the T-cell lineage during thymus development. The majority of thymocytes do not express the c-Rel protein. However, lymphocyte precursor cells that colonize the thymus express the c-Rel protein shortly after their homing in the organ and before they begin to differentiate, c-Rel is also detected in different subsets of,antigen-presenting cells such as epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In vitro studies have shown that Rel/NF-κB proteins are sequestered in an inactive form in the cytoplasm by interaction with the IκBα inhibitory protein. By immunocytochemistry, we show that in vivo c-Rel is localized in the cytoplasm of antigen-presenting cells but in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of lymphocyte precursor cells. The cytoplasmic localization of c-Rel in antigen-presenting cells correlates with a high expression of IκBα, whereas the nuclear localization of c-Rel in lymphocyte precursor cells correlates with a much lower expression of IκBα. These results suggest that c-Rel might be constitutively activated in lymphocyte precursor cells

Interaction of the v-rel protein with an NF-kappa B DNA binding site

The avian reticuloendotheliosis virus T contains within its genome the oncogene rel. The expression of this gene is responsible for the induction of lymphoid tumors in birds. Recently, the rel gene was shown to be related to the p50 DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor complex NF-kappa B. Binding sites for the NF-kappa B complex are found in the enhancer regions of a number of genes, including the immunoglobulin kappa gene and the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. In this communication we identify an activity from avian reticuloendotheliosis virus T-transformed avian lymphoid cells that binds in an electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay to an NF-kappa B binding site from the kappa enhancer. This activity contains proteins immunologically related to rel, as detected by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against v-rel. In a DNA affinity precipitation assay using the NF-kappa B site from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat, v-rel and several other proteins were identified. These data suggest that oncogenic transformation by v-rel is the result of an altered pattern of gene expression

Strain Aging and Fatigue of Columbium

52 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1960.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Creación Automática de Modelos DEVS para la Evaluación de Arquitecturas de Software Especificadas en Use Case Maps

In this work we propose the creation of a software tool, UCM2DEVS, which aims to generate simulation envronments for software architectures, specified by the notation Use Case Maps (UCM). The simulation model is automatically generated using the DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification) formalism. Starting from scenarios specified in UCM, simulation of architecture allows architects to obtain dynamic metrics on software architecture. Therefore, the simulation environment supports the designer to analyze the quality of software architectures. The analysis integrates functional, non-functional and quantitative aspects of software architectures.En este trabajo se propone la creación de una herramienta de software, UCM2DEVS, que tiene como finalidad generar entornos de simulación para arquitecturas de software especificadas mediante la notación Use Case Maps (UCM). El modelo de simulación es generando automáticamente empleando el formalismo DEVS (Especificación de Sistemas de Eventos Discretos). A partir de escenarios especificados en UCM, la simulación de la arquitectura en DEVS permite la obtención de métricas sobre el desempeño de la arquitectura del software. De esta manera, el entorno de simulación asiste íntegramente al diseñador en el análisis de la calidad de arquitecturas de software, considerando en el análisis aspectos funcionales, no funcionales y cuantitativos