Les trois boucles. Notes sur les modes d’existence des films d’artistes

En tant que matériau issu d’une production industrielle, le film est techniquement reproductible, et ne semble donc pas, à première vue, poser de problèmes particuliers quant à son existence « multiple ». Cependant, lorsque l’on observe dans le détail la culture matérielle et l’histoire de la circulation des films d’artistes, le scénario apparaît d’une toute autre complexité. Cet article vise à reconsidérer, sous l’angle de la conservation-restauration, et à partir de l’œuvre de Nam June Paik Zen for Film (1962-1964), exemplaire à cet égard, le statut particulier (multiple) du film d’artiste, considéré à la fois en tant qu’objet et événement (une copie et une projection) – deux modes d’existence qui s’excluent mutuellement dans leur présentation. Les conséquences théoriques de cette observation nous signalent une fausse opposition entre « unique » et « multiple » dans le domaine du film.As material resulting from industrial production, film is technically reproducible and thus does not seem, at first sight, to pose particular problems in terms of its “multiple” existence. However, when one observes in detail the material culture and the circulation history of artists’ films, the scenario appears to have a different complexity. From the perspective of conservation-restoration, and starting with Nam June Paik’s Zen for Film (1962-1964) – exemplary in this respect – this article aims to reconsider the special (multiple) status of artists’ film, considered simultaneously as object and event (a copy and a projection) – two modes of existence that mutually exclude each other in their presentation. The theoretical consequences of this observation point to a false opposition between “unique” and “multiple” in the field of film.Als Material aus der industriellen Produktion ist der Film technisch reproduzierbar und stellt daher auf den ersten Blick kein besonderes Problem für seine „multiple“ Existenz dar. Betrachtet man jedoch die materielle Kultur und die Geschichte der Verbreitung von Künstlerfilmen im Detail, so erscheint das Szenario von ganz anderer Komplexität. Dieser Artikel zielt darauf ab, aus der Sicht der konservatorischen Restaurierung und basierend auf dem in dieser Hinsicht exemplarischen Werk von Nam June Paik Zen for Film (1962-1964) den besonderen (Vielfach-)Status des Künstlerfilms zu überdenken, der sowohl als Objekt als auch als Ereignis (Kopie und Projektion) betrachtet wird. Dabei handelt es sich um zwei Existenzmodi, die sich in ihrer Präsentation gegenseitig ausschließen. Die theoretischen Konsequenzen dieser Beobachtung deuten auf einen falschen Gegensatz zwischen „einzigartig“ und „vielfach“ im Bereich des Films hin.In quanto materiale di produzione industriale, il film è tecnicamente riproducibile, e non sembra, a prima vista, porre dei problemi particolari per quanto riguarda la sua esistenza “multipla”. Tuttavia, quando si osserva nel dettaglio la cultura materiale e la storia della circolazione dei film d’artista, lo scenario sembra più complesso. Il presente articolo mira a riconsiderare, dal punto di vista della conservazione e del restauro, e a partire dall’opera di Nam June Paik Zen for Film (1962-1964), esemplare a questo proposito, lo statuto particolare (multiplo) del film d’artista, considerato allo stesso tempo come oggetto e avvenimento (una copia e una proiezione) – due modi di esistere che si escludono vicendevolmente nella loro presentazione. Le conseguenze teoriche di questa osservazione ci segnalano la falsa opposizione tra “unico” e “multiplo” nell’ambito dei film.En tanto que material surgido de la reproducción industrial, el filme es técnicamente reproducible, y no parece entonces, a primera vista, tener algún problema en particular en cuanto a su existencia “múltiple”. Sin embargo, cuando se observa en detalle la cultura material y la historia de la circulación de los filmes de artistas, el escenario ofrece una complejidad especial. Este artículo busca reconsiderar, bajo el ángulo de la conservación-restauración, y a partir de la obra de Nam June Paik Zen for Film (1962-1964), ejemplar en este sentido, el estatuto particular (múltiple) del filme de artista, considerado a la vez objeto y acontecimiento (una copia y una proyección) – dos modos de existencia que se excluyen mutuamente en su presentación. Las consecuencias teóricas de esta observación nos señalan una falsa oposición entre “único” y “múltiple” en el dominio del filme

Glimepiride-induced cholestasis in a man with diabetes mellitus: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>There has been a progressive increase in the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus cases over the past decade. The availability of a wide variety of oral hypoglycemics has given rise to a number of adverse effects. In this case report, we describe the case of a patient recently diagnosed with type II diabetes. He was receiving treatment with glimepiride and experienced rapid onset of cholestatic liver injury as a side effect, which reversed upon cessation of therapy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the case of a 58-year-old Egyptian man with a recent diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus. He presented with a clinical picture of progressive jaundice three days before admission. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase levels. Ultrasonography revealed intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation and two small lymph nodes in the porta hepatis; there was, however, no extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation or stones in the gall bladder. Abdominal computed tomography excluded pancreatic or hepatic focal lesions, but the tumor marker CA19-9 was elevated. The progressive improvement in the patient's symptomatology and laboratory investigations after admission argued against malignancy. A thorough and detailed history revealed that the patient had started on a new medication, glimepiride, five months earlier for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and an improvement was noted after discontinuation of this oral hypoglycemic and the introduction of insulin therapy to control his blood sugar.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Drugs are an important, often unrecognized, cause of acute cholestasis. Among the rare causes responsible for this complication is the sulfonylurea glimepiride. A thorough drug history is therefore helpful in any case of unexplained cholestasis.</p

Missing the guidewire: an avoidable complication

Central venous catheterization is an imperative tool in the critically ill patient to administer fluids, medications and for monitoring the central venous pressure. This procedure is associated with a variety of complications, some of which can be life threatening. In this brief report, we are addressing one of the rare complications of central venous catheterization which is missing the guidewire. We also described several precautions to avoid this complication as well as modifications in the guidewire to prevent its escape

Therapeutic Mechanisms of Action for Hyperbaric Oxygen on Femoral Head Necrosis

Femoral head necrosis (FHN) is a disease process resulting from inadequate blood perfusion of subchondral bone. While the etiology of this disease is still not fully understood, there are multiple traumatic and atraumatic factors that are associated with the disease. Pathophysiology of the disease is characterized by the death of bone marrow and osteocytes. If left untreated, the disease may progress to joint collapse. While initial stages of the disease are asymptomatic, painful limitation of active and passive motion of the hip is eventually present. The current body of literature cannot identify an optimal treatment protocol for FHN. Postcollapse cases require surgical intervention, core decompression, or total hip arthroplasty. However, current strides in conservative management are being made. One of the possible conservative modalities that may effectively delay hip arthroplasty or even prevent the need for a surgical approach is hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy. HBO2 increases extracellular oxygen concentration and reduces cellular ischemia and edema by inducing vasoconstriction. Studies have reported radiographic improvement, reduction in pain, and increases in range of motion for early stages of the disease. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has also been shown to stimulate angiogenesis and enhance osteoclast and osteoblast function for remodeling and repair

Negative pressure pulmonary edema in the prone position: a case report

Acute airway obstruction can result in life - threatening pulmonary edema. It can develop rapidly, without warning, in otherwise healthy patients. Negative pressure pulmonary edema has been described after acute airway obstruction in situations when a patient is breathing against an obstructed airway such as croup, epiglottitis or laryngospasm. In the following case, we observed a rare occurrence of pulmonary edema in a female following sedation in the prone position

Occult pneumothorax, revisited

Pneumothorax is a recognized cause of preventable death following chest wall trauma where a simple intervention can be life saving. In cases of trauma patients where cervical spine immobilization is mandatory, supine AP chest radiograph is the most practical initial study. It is however not as sensitive as CT chest for early detection of a pneumothorax. "Occult" pneumothorax is an accepted definition of an existing but usually a clinically and radiologically silent disturbance that in most patients can be tolerated while other more urgent trauma needs are attended to. However, in certain patients, especially those on mechanical ventilation (with subsequent increase of intrapleural air with positive pressure ventilation), missing the diagnosis of pneumothorax can be deleterious with fatal consequences. This review will discuss the occult pneumothorax in the context of 3 radiological examples, which will further emphasize the entity. Because a negative AP chest radiograph can dangerously delay its recognition, we recommend that any trauma victim presenting to the emergency department with symptoms of respiratory distress should be screened with either thoracic ultrasonography or chest CT scan to avoid missing a pneumothorax

Massive hydrothorax following subclavian vein catheterization

Since the introduction of central venous catheterization for monitoring of the venous pressure, fluid infusion and hyperalimentation, the literature has been full of serious life-threatening complications. Of these complications is the false positioning of the central venous catheter and subsequent development of pleural effusion. In this report we are describing a case of iatrogenic massive pleural effusion following subclavian vein catheterization necessitating intercostal tube drainage and mechanical ventilation. The case highlights the importance of ensuring adequate positioning of the catheter after insertion through aspiration of venous blood, immediate post insertion X-ray and the utilization of ultrasound guidance in cases with expected difficult catheterization

Anteroposterior chest radiograph vs. chest CT scan in early detection of pneumothorax in trauma patients

Pneumothorax is a common complication following blunt chest wall trauma. In these patients, because of the restrictions regarding immobilization of the cervical spine, Anteroposterior (AP) chest radiograph is usually the most feasible initial study which is not as sensitive as the erect chest X-ray or CT chest for detection of a pneumothorax. We will present 3 case reports which serve for better understanding of the entity of occult pneumothorax. The first case is an example of a true occult pneumothorax where an initial AP chest X-ray revealed no evidence of pneumothorax and a CT chest immediately performed revealed evidence of pneumothorax. The second case represents an example of a missed rather than a truly occult pneumothorax where the initial chest radiograph revealed clues suggesting the presence of pneumothorax which were missed by the reading radiologist. The third case emphasizes the fact that "occult pneumothorax is predictable". The presence of subcutaneous emphesema and pulmonary contusion should call for further imaging with CT chest to rule out pneumothorax. Thoracic CT scan is therefore the "gold standard" for early detection of a pneumothorax in trauma patients. This report aims to sensitize readers to the entity of occult pneumothorax and create awareness among intensivists and ER physicians regarding the proper diagnosis and management

The Effect of Isovolemic Hemodilution with Oxycyte®, a Perfluorocarbon Emulsion, on Cerebral Blood Flow in Rats

BACKGROUND: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is auto-regulated to meet the brain's metabolic requirements. Oxycyte is a perfluorocarbon emulsion that acts as a highly effective oxygen carrier compared to blood. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Oxycyte on regional CBF (rCBF), by evaluating the effects of stepwise isovolemic hemodilution with Oxycyte on CBF. METHODOLOGY: Male rats were intubated and ventilated with 100% O(2) under isoflurane anesthesia. The regional (striatum) CBF (rCBF) was measured with a laser doppler flowmeter (LDF). Stepwise isovolemic hemodilution was performed by withdrawing 4ml of blood and substituting the same volume of 5% albumin or 2 ml Oxycyte plus 2 ml albumin at 20-minute intervals until the hematocrit (Hct) values reached 5%. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the albumin-treated group, rCBF progressively increased to approximately twice its baseline level (208+/-30%) when Hct levels were less than 10%. In the Oxycyte-treated group on the other hand, rCBF increased by significantly smaller increments, and this group's mean rCBF was only slightly higher than baseline (118+/-18%) when Hct levels were less than 10%. Similarly, in the albumin-treated group, rCBF started to increase when hemodilution with albumin caused the CaO(2) to decrease below 17.5 ml/dl. Thereafter, the increase in rCBF was accompanied by a nearly proportional decrease in the CaO(2) level. In the Oxycyte-treated group, the increase in rCBF was significantly smaller than in the albumin-treated group when the CaO(2) level dropped below 10 ml/dl (142+/-20% vs. 186+/-26%), and rCBF returned to almost baseline levels (106+/-15) when the CaO(2) level was below 7 ml/dl. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Hemodilution with Oxycyte was accompanied with higher CaO(2) and PO(2) than control group treated with albumin alone. This effect may be partially responsible for maintaining relatively constant CBF and not allowing the elevated blood flow that was observed with albumin