Simulation model on optimizing the sowing structure of precision plant production

During the past decade, many people deal a lot with the Hungarian agriculture, its views and opportunities in the future. In order to the Hungarian agriculture be competitive on the European market it is needed to be able to follow the market motions and its changes. To do this, it needs making investments on certain areas which requires capital. The agricultural producing can only be competitive if the farmers keep the environmental viewpoints and the sustainable farming with an eye. The precision cultivation can be one of the implement of the so many voiced sustainable development at the field of agriculture. The precision cultivation requires surplus expenditures (purchase devices, operating the devices, etc.) but it has advantages too (yield increase, decreasing of material costs and yield insecurity, etc.). The comparison of the surplus expenditures and surplus yields serves as a basis of a complex economical analysis where not only the costs and revenues but the sowing structure changes are also appearing. The aim of this paper is to determine an optimal sowing structure for a 250 ha farm which provides the highest income with the technology of precision plant cultivation

Rarely mentioned species in Hungary: Can we step into the same lake?

International and national protection strategies and directives focus mainly on macroscopic organism and attempt to maintain their endangered habitats. However, microscopic communities are also threatened by decreasing biodiversity and many species including freshwater algae can disappear without even knowing they were present in the habitat. Defining rarity of microscopic taxa is not easy. The species’ rarity is based on detailed knowledge of distribution and abundance of species. But only limited information is available about rare algal species especially in a given ecoregion. Reducing the data gaps, here, we present altogether 20 phytoplankton taxa rare in Hungary: three species of Chlorophyceae, eight species of Trebouxiophyceae, two taxa of Euglenophyceae, one-one species of Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyceae and Mediophyceae and three species of Xanthophyceae. One of them, the Cylindrotheca gracilis is on the Hungarian Red List. Physical and ecological characteristics of standing waters where these species were found as well as their former occurrence all over the world are also reviewed

First report of Navicula jakovljevicii Hustedt (Bacillariophyta) from Hungary: distribution, comparative morphology and a related species

In Hungary Navicula jakovljevicii was firstly recorded in biofilm of Elodea nuttallii in 2005 in an oxbow of the catchment area of the River Danube. Subsequently, in 2006, N. jakovljevicii was also found in the same oxbow on reed stems as well. In the following years it appeared in another oxbow, suggesting an expanding distribution in the tributaries of the Danube in Hungary. The Hungarian population can be characterised as having mixed morphological features in comparison with other known N. jakovljevicii populations of Europe. When the morphological study was expanded, a similar, but \u27giant form\u27 was detected in fossil material. We found similarities and a possible connection between N. jakovljevicii and Navicula lucida, a diatom taxon described from a Neogene deposit in the Carpathian Basin. Despite the morphological similarities in the shape, apices, striae pattern and raphe structure of these two species, there are significant differences in valve dimensions: the valves of N. lucida are larger and more heavily silicified than N. jakovljevicii

Az extrém száraz időjárás hatása az Achnanthidium minutissimum és Achnanthidium eutrophilum egyedszámára (Sebes-Körös, Körösszakál)

A 2012-es év nyara és az ősz rendkívül száraz volt Magyarországon, aminek köszönhetően hazai vízfolyásaink vízhozama, ill. vízszintje jelentősen csökkent. Vizsgálataink során arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, miként befolyásolta a 2012-es év extrém száraz időjárása – és az ezzel együtt járó vízhozam csökkenés és tápanyag-dúsulás – a Sebes-Körös (Körösszakál) Achnanthidium minutissimum és A. eutrophilum populációinak dinamikáját. A két Achnanthidium taxon minél pontosabb határozása azért fontos, mert eltérő ökológiai állapotú vizek indikátor fajai. Eredményeink alapján elmondható, hogy míg az A. minutissium egyedszám-változása pozitívan korrelált a vízhozammal és negatívan a nitrátkoncentrációval, addig az A. eutrophilum esetében az előzőekkel ellentétes tendenciát figyeltünk meg. Eredményeink rávilágítanak arra, hogy még egy stabilan jó ökológiai állapottal jellemezhető vízfolyás kovaalga-közössége is feltűnően érzékenyen reagálhat a szélsőséges időjárási viszonyok okozta vízhozam csökkenésre és az ezzel szorosan összefüggő tápanyag-koncentrálódásra