Efficacy of closed reduction surgery on treatment of nasal bone fracture in admitted patients to Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman, Iran

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nasal fracture is one of the most common facial fractures and the main goal of this study was evaluation of closed reduction surgery of nasal bone fractures. METHODS: Thirty six patients including 24 male and 12 female patients suffered from nasal bone fractures were treated by closed reduction method. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic scans were analyzed by an expert panel. Statistical methods including chi-square, Fisher's exact test and regression were used to evaluate the relationship between age, sex and type of trauma and to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction technique. RESULTS: Type of trauma, age and sex had not any effect on closed reduction efficacy. We had 36.1% complete success rate (nearly complete anatomic reduction), 36.1% favorable success rate (acceptable non-anatomic reduction) and 27.8% absolute failure (no acceptable reduction) after treatment of nasal bone fractures by closed reduction method. CONCLUSION: Closed nasal reduction is the most commonly used technique for a fractured nose, but it has high degree of failure of treatment, so when choosing the closed reduction method for treatment of nasal bone fractures, appropriate radiography must be taken for meticulous evaluation to reducing the complications. KEYWORDS: Nasal Fracture; Trauma; Treatment; Bon

Comparing Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Women with and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Background & Aims: Women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is noninvasive marker of sub clinical atherosclerosis assessment. The aim of the present study was to assess relationship between GDM and increased CIMT. Methods: Twenty women with previous history of GDM and twenty women without it (as a control group) were included in the study. Two groups were matched based on their age, body mass index (BMI) and parity. CIMT was measured one year after delivery in two groups by B-mode sonography and compared with ultrasonic results of CIMT in mid- and late-gestational periods. Results: CIMT in both groups increased in gestational period and decreased after delivery and this diminution was significant at late-gestational period in both groups and also significant at mid-gestational period in women with history of GDM. Conclusion: CIMT was significantly decreased one year after delivery in women with GDM Keywords: Carotid intima_media thickness, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Ultrasonograph

Evaluating the Correlation between Brain Ultra Sonographic, Brain MRI, and Electroencephalography Findings and the Severity of Asphyxia and Neurodevelopment in Infants with Hypoxic-ischemic Injury

ObjectiveHypoxia-ischemia-induced brain injury is a major cause of acute mortality and chronic neurological disability in infants and children.Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing and treating hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and as an adjunct to acute conditions and provides valuable information on long-term prognosis.Materials & MethodsOur study was prospective with 50 neonates aged 34 weeks and older with HIE. Cerebral ultrasound and MRI were performed on the infants, and the pattern of lesions was recorded. A pediatric neurologist examined the infants, and their developmental status was assessed and recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) findings.The data were analyzed. ResultsThe sonography pattern was normal in 26 (76.5%) term neonates, and also, the PVL pattern was observed in 10 term neonates. The incidence of observing an edema pattern (17.6%) was significantly different between the term and pre-term infants (P-value = 0.001).MRI findings were normal in 20 (58.8%) term neonates and 11 premature neonates. However, the PVL pattern was observed in MRI performed in six term neonates (6.6%). The watershed pattern (17%) showed that these differences were significant between the term and pre-term infants (P-value = 0/001). ConclusionNormal sonography was significantly higher in neonates with normal neurodevelopment than in patients with normal MRI and EEG findings but with poor neurodevelopment. Also, the probability of having normal MRI results was lower in neonates with moderate to severe asphyxia compared to ultrasound and EEG. &nbsp

Is there association between severe early childhood caries and weight at 25-28 weeks of fetal life? A longitudinal pilot study

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sever early dental caries in childhood is one of the health problems. This study was performed to determine the association between weight at 25 and 28 weeks of fetal life and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) at 1.5-2 years of age among some of children in Kerman, Iran. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, 100 pregnant mothers and their newborns examined via sonography for fetus weight and clinically for dental caries, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria. Variables, including fetus weight and presence or absence of signs of S-ECC, were recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed using t-test. RESULTS: The mean fetal weight of 10 children with signs of S-ECC at 25-28 weeks of fetal life was 752.4 g. However, this mean was 898.05 g for 35 children, who did not have any signs of S-ECC. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It appears there is an association between the rate of changes in fetal weight at 25-28 weeks of gestational age and occurrence S-ECC. Due to the fetal weight can be effective on thickness as and hardness of enamel developed on deciduous maxillary incisors, therefore, the fetal weight can be associate to the occurrence of S-ECC in these teeth after birth. KEYWORDS: Fetal Life; Severe Early Childhood Caries; Weigh

INCIDENTAL RHINO SINUSITIS FINDINGS IN PATIENTS REFERRED FOR BRAIN MRI

BACKGROUND AND AIM: During brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), unexpected abnormalities are occasionally discovered this study aimed to assess the frequency of incidental rhino sinusitis findings in patients referred for brain MRI. METHODS AND MATERIAL: In this cross sectional study the frequency of incidental findings of 210 patients who referred to Besat MRI center for some other reasons, were evaluated. RESULTS: 210 patients (39.5% male and 60.5% female) with mean age 42.23 ± 18.67 years (range 11-88) were evaluated. 41 patients (19.5%) showed sinusitis in MRI images(thickening more than 4mm was) that among these patients sinusitis was confirmed in 33 patients (15.7%) by ENT specialists. 125 patients (59.5%) had at least one abnormality in their MRI. The most involved sinus was maxilla followed by ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid and the difference between sinuses regarding the frequency of involvement was significant (P=0.001). Furthermore the commonest finding was mucosal thickening and the rarest was opacity. CONCLUSION: The incidental findings of sinusitis in MRI were prevalent, maxilla was more involved sinus followed by ethmoid moreover the most common findings were mucosal thickness and opacity was an uncommon finding

Investigating the Relationship between Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT), Opium Addiction, and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Atherosclerosis has an essential role in causing cardiovascular diseases. Various factors affect the risk of coronary artery atherosclerosis, and the increase in the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a primary marker for detecting atherosclerotic changes in the artery wall. Since opioid use is one of the leading social and health problems in many countries, this study aimed to detect the factors influencing the increase in CIMT in opium consumers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 participants of the phase 2 of the KERCADRS cohort study who visited Besat clinic in Kerman and were divided into addicted and non-addicted groups. The participants in both groups underwent carotid artery ultrasound, and the Philips IU22 ultrasound machine was used to measure the CIMT. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 42.28±12.58 in the addicted group and 35.99±15.38 in the non-addicted group (P=0.001). CIMT was similar in the two groups (P=0.170). Moreover, CIMT had a significant positive correlation with age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglyceride in both addicted and non-addicted groups. Age, weight, waist circumference, SBP, and BMI in the multivariate model were significant determinants of CIMT in the addicted group. Conclusion: The results revealed that age, weight, waist circumference, SBP, and BMI were the factors influencing intima thickness in opium consumers, and no significant relationship was observed between addiction to opium and CIMT

Success Rate with Ultrasound-Guided Transabdominal Manually Reduction of Pediatric Intussusception

Background: Intussusception is the most common abdominal emergency and the second most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children under 2 years old. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can be dangerous and even deadly. This study aimed to investigate the success rate of ultrasound-guided transabdominal manually reduction of intussusceptions in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after applying exclusion criteria in children with definite intussusceptions, 20 patients were selected. Field variables and the final result of treatment were examined. All the patients were treated similarly to each other. In the case of successful elimination of intussusceptions, each patient was followed for one week after treatment. Then, the data were analyzed using chi-square test via SPSS software. Results: Girl to boy ratio was 11.9 and patients' mean age was 20.5 months. Considering the place of intussusceptions, 7 were ascending colon, 4 were transverse colon, 7 were hepatic flexure, and 2 were splenic flexure. The amount of success was 65%. Considering the sex, 6 girls and 7 boys, and the place, 6 intussusceptions in ascending colon, 6 in hepatic flexure, and 1 in transverse colon had successful placement. Conclusion: Transabdominal manually reduction of intussusception using sonography guide is an appropriate method of treatment. But, further researches with more sample volumes are needed to examine possible complications and recurrence rate. Keywords Intussusception; Manual reduction; Ultrasonograph