Generation of file processing programs based on JSP

This paper describes the generation of file processing programmes within the TUBA environment. Program structures are derived from data structures according to the JSP method. Expressions describing output data are specified in user-system dialogues. The program specifications are stored in the dictionary. Complete executable programs can be generated from these specifications

Manipulation of expressions in a relational algebra

This paper describes a syntax for expressions based on the relational algebra. A tree representation is generated when an expression is analyzed. Transformations on the tree representations of expressions are applied in order to obtain improvements with respect to the speed of evaluation in a data base environment

An object-oriented approach to application generation

The TUBA system consists of a set of integrated tools for the generation of business-oriented applications. Tools and applications have a modular structure, represented by class objects. The article describes the architecture of the environments for file processing, screen handling and report writing

Domain-oriented architecture design for production control software

this paper, we present domain-oriented architectural design heuristics for production control software. Our approach is based upon the following premisses. First, software design, like all other forms of design, consists of the reduction of uncertainty about a final product by making design decisions. These decisions should as much as possible be based upon information that is certain, either because they represent laws of nature or because they represent previously made design decisions. An import class of information concerns the domain of the software. The domain of control software is the part of the world monitored and controlled by the software; it is the larger system into which the software is embedded. The software engineer should exploit system-level domain knowledge in order to make software design decisions. Second, in the case of production control software, using system-level knowledge is not only justified, it is also imposed on the software engineer by the necessity to cooperate with hardware engineers. These represent their designs by means of Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (PIDs) and Input-Output (IO) lists. They do not want to spend time, nor do they see the need, to duplicate the information represented by these diagrams by means of diagrams from software engineering methods. Such a duplication would be an occasion to introduce errors of omission (information lost during the translation process) or commission (misinterpretation, misguided but invisible design decisions made during the translation) anyway. We think it is up to the software engineer to adapt his or her notations to those of the system engineers he or she must work with. Third, work in patterns and software architectures started from the programminglanguage level and is now moving..

Effect of Channel Bends on Transverse Mixing

Velocity and tracer concentration measurements made in a meandering channel are used to discuss the effect of bends on the transverse mixing of a conservative tracer introduced into the flow. It is shown that bend induced spiral motion greatly enhance the mixing potential of meandering channel flows; The magnitude of the normalised transverse mixing coefficient is observed to be greater than the normlised transverse diffusion coefficient for straight channel flows

Structural, physical and genetic interactions of the i-AAA protease Yme1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The i-AAA protease Yme1 is a highly conserved ATP-dependent AAA (ATPase Associated with various cellular Activites) protease anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane where it mediates protein quality surveillance that is crucial for cell survival. In yeast, deletion of YME1 is associated with pleitropic phenotypes. However, the few known proteolytic substrates and interaction partners of the i-AAA protease cannot explain the molecular basis of these phenotypes. Therefore, different approaches were used to define the function of the i-AAA protease. First, affinity purification of a proteolytic inactive variant of Yme1 working as a substrate trap was employed and led to the identification of eight novel Yme1-interacting proteins that localise to different submitochondrial compartments. Subsequent analysis revealed that two interactors, Mcr1 and Mpm1, represent new proteolytic substrates of the i-AAA protease. Hence, additional functions of the i-AAA protease should be responsible for the other identified interactions. Second, insights into processes that require the function of the i-AAA protease were obtained by a synthetic genetic array (SGA) approach using an assorted library of 96 non-essential mitochondrial gene deletions. 34 identified synthetic lethal interaction potentially link Yme1 to new functions like mitochondrial morphology, protein processing and lipid metabolism. Finally, the synthetic lethal interaction of IMP1 and YME1 was analysed by a high copy suppressor screening. This interaction is of particular interest, as all substrates of the Imp1 catalytic subunit of the IMP processing peptidase could be co-purified with the i-AAA protease. The identified suppressor Pgk1, a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, suggests a severe impairment of Deltayme1Deltaimp1 cells in energy metabolism. Moreover, in this thesis the substrate recognition by the i-AAA protease was examined by mutational analysis. Recently, two substrate binding regions have been identified within Yme1: the CH-(C-terminal helices) and the NH-(N-terminal helices) region. In contrast to the NH-region, the molecular mechanism of substrate binding to the CH-region has not been studied so far. Here, the CH-region was not only identified to have a role in substrate binding and transfer to the proteolytic cavity, but also for the stabilisation of the i-AAA protease complex. Taken together, novel substrates and interaction partners of the i-AAA protease were identified, pointing to additional functions of Yme1 independent of its proteolytic activity. As only few approaches have addressed the function of the i-AAA protease in higher eukaryotes so far, it will be interesting to examine the relevance of these findings for mammals

Bipolar Affective Disorder and Parkinson's Disease

Little is known about comorbidities of bipolar disorder such as Parkinson's disease. A case history and a literature survey indicate that bipolar disorder is linked with or influences Parkinson's disease and vice versa. Underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and, more importantly, no treatment options are established in such double diagnoses. The few data in comorbid Parkinson cases seem to point to a rapid cycling pattern of bipolar symptoms. With regard to therapeutic intervention, the literature supports pramipexole for treatment of both Parkinson and depressive symptoms in bipolar depression. Lithium, the mood stabilizer of choice for treating manic states, is problematical for use in Parkinson patients because of its side effects. Valproate might be an alternative, especially for treatment of rapid cycling

Corruption, taxation, and loan conditionality: a contribution to the macroeconomics of reform and transition with reference to Russia

The primary objective of this thesis is to contribute to the debate on the reasons behind Russia's poor economic performance in its first decade after the fall of communism, by examining the role of IMF economic programs in the reform process.In particular, we are interested in the failure of neo-classical models of the market economy, upon which economic reform programs were based, to predict the outcomes in Russia. The purpose of the work is to offer a number of theoretical models which incorporate certain characteristics, such as political and economic motivations of both the IMF and Russian government, large-scale public sector corruption, a substantial underground economy, and a weak tax base, and which are capable predicting the resulting failings in the IMF-Russia economic reform program. In chapter 2, we present a theory of conditionality in which the recipient, aware that the lender faces political and economic motivations in the conditional development lending process, undertakes a game with the lender in which the recipient attempts to undertake the least amount of compliance that guarantees it future loans. There is an exogenous conflict between economics and politics within the lending agency that determines its degree of tolerance for policy (non-) compliance. We then analyse how the donor, in an attempt to regulate its internal conflict, may adopt "rules of thumb" in the lending process which pre-define the actions it will take in response to the lender's level of compliance. The recipient's strategy depends on the payoffs it obtains from the actions available to the lender under each "rule of thumb". We examine how the IMF-Russia relationship from 1992-2002 has elements of the games we model. In chapter 3, we model corruption a proportional tax on labour income in a three-sector economy with a corrupt bureaucracy, a legitimate private sector, and a shadow economy, and examine how tighter fiscal policies may result in a rise in corruption. The rise in corruption negatively affects legitimate private sector employment and output. We suggest that the Russian economy has a similar three sector structure and analyse the impact of reduced spending and increased taxation on corruption and employment. In chapter 4, we modify Alesina and Tabellini's (1987) model of time inconsistency to allow for a weak tax base and then apply it to post-communist Russia. In particular we examine two non-consecutive time periods in which, for different reasons, public debt could not be used to finance the government's budget deficit: 1992-94 and post August 17 1998. We suggest that Russia did in fact move from one sub-optimal position to another, and we raise questions about the optimality of Russia's current monetary policies. In chapter 5, we examine the optimality of monetary policy in the presence of bureaucratic corruption. We model corruption as a proportional tax on firm revenue and a positive function of the official tax rate. The higher the official tax, the higher the corruption tax levied by public bureaucrats in order to supplement their decreasing official net wage, and the lower is output. We find that under both discretion and commitment, inflation is higher, and output and taxation are lower, than when there is no corruption