Out of sight, not out of mind: developments in economic models of groundwater management

Dynamic models of natural resource management have been applied to groundwater for decades, incorporating at least two inescapable aspects: first, since groundwater stocks are carried over to future periods, dynamic analysis is essential and any costs and benefits included in the analysis will require discounting; second, the positive and normative aspects of management must be clarified at the outset. The difference is fundamental even if the results of the two model types sometimes turn out to be fairly close. A whole strand of literature has been preoccupied with the question of whether policy interventions at least have the potential of improving groundwater management in a meaningful sense. However, given the well-documented parlous state of many aquifers around the world today, the focus has mostly shifted from debating whether or not intervention is worthwhile to identifying the relevant features of complex groundwater systems, designing better policies and facilitating their successful implementation. We survey developments in economic models relevant to groundwater management, focusing especially on the depiction of uncertainty and on the different methods applied to estimate the total economic value of groundwater.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

A cross-industry analysis and framework of aftermarket products and services

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-97).This thesis looks at how supply chains of Aftermarket Products and Services are structured. The study includes an overall examination of the Aftermarket Function, as well as an overview and examination of Aftermarket Supply Chains in four different industries. The study includes general data about the four industries (Computers, Telecommunications Equipment, Automotive and Aerospace), along with examination of practices that are used in these industries. Finally, the thesis compares and contrasts the practices used in the industries and identifies underlying principles that unifies these otherwise diverse practices.by Petros Englezos.M.Eng.in Logistic

Μελέτη του αλγορίθμου ανακατασκευής μιονικών τροχιών στο κεντρικό τμήμα του ανιχνευτή CMS και της αποτελεσματικότητάς του στην εύρεση ζευγών τροχιών μεγάλης εγγύτητας

Ο Σκανδαλιστής Πρώτου Επιπέδου του πειράματος CMS στο Μεγάλο Συγκρουστή Αδρονίων (LHC) του CERN χρειάζεται αναβάθμιση για να καλύψει τις αυξημένες απαιτήσεις της Φάσης 2 του πειράματος, η οποία θα ξεκινήσει το 2027. Ο Σκανδαλιστής Μιονίων στην κεντρική περιοχή του CMS περιλαμβάνεται στο πρόγραμμα αναβάθμισης. Αν και ο αλγόριθμος σκανδαλισμού μιονίων ο οποίος χρησιμοποιήθηκε κατά το Run 2 (2015 - 2018) (BMTF) ήταν πολύ αποτελεσματικός, έχει προταθεί η αναβάθμισή του. Η αναβάθμισή του περιέχει το Kalman Filter και, για αυτό, ονομάζεται K-BMTF ή, απλώς, KMTF. Η παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζει τις ομοιότητες και διαφορές του BMTF και KMTF. Επίσης, υπολογίζονται και συγκρίνονται οι αποδόσεις των δύο αλγορίθμων στην ανακατασκευή ζευγών μιονικών τροχιών, τα οποία προέρχονται από διασπάσεις σωματιδίων J/ψ. Τα δεδομένα παράχθηκαν από την προσομοίωση με μεθόδους Monte Carlo του πειράματος CMS. Τα προγράμματα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν είναι τα Pythia 8.1 και GEANT 4. Η σύγκριση των αποδόσεων, η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε στο υπολογιστικό περιβάλλον της ROOT του CERN, δείχνει πως ο KMTF είναι πιο επιτυχημένος αλγόριθμος.The Level-1 Trigger of the CMS experiment at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of CERN needs update in order to meet the increased requirements of Phase-2 of the experiment, which will begin in 2027. The Muon Trigger in the CMS’ central region is included in the upgrade program. Although the muon trigger algorithm used in Run 2 (2015 – 2018) (BMTF) was very efficient, its update has been proposed. Its update contains the Kalman Filter and this is why it is called K-BMTF or simply KMTF. This work presents the similarities and differences between BMTF and KMTF. In addition, the efficiencies of these two algorithms in the reconstruction of muon pairs coming from decays of J/ψ particles are calculated and compared. The data were generated from a simulation of the CMS experiment with Monte Carlo methods. The programs that were used are Pythia 8.1 and GEANT 4. The comparison of the efficiencies, which was done using the analysis and graphical package ROOT from CERN, shows that KMTF is a more successful algorithm