Application Of Cost Of Quality System By Proton Vendors

Globalization is one of the key trends in the business world today. When countries around the globe open their markets upon the implementation of economic integration which may include European Unification (EU) in Europe, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFT A) for North America, Asia Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC) for Asia Pacific region, Asean Free Trade Area (AFT A) for Asean countries, industries are now faced with new competition. To survive in this global business arena, organizations must increase their competitiveness not only in terms of cost, but it would also be driven by criteria involving quality, reliability, delivery and technology competency. Often companies respond to this highly dynamic business environment by implementing total quality management (TQM). TQM approach focuses on process improvement and the elimination of all forms of waste. One of the key and effective tools to ensure the success adoption of TQM is cost of quality (COQ). Cost of quality system translates quality problems into a common denominator - money, a financial term that is what management sought of to indicate the economic health of the organization

Removal of Methylene Chloride from Paint Stripping Waste water by Air Stripping Process

Laboratory-scale air stripping experiments were conducted at various unit air flow rates (Q) to remove methylene chloride from paint stripping waste water. The results showed that the removal of methylene chloride by batch diffused air stripping process follows first-order kinetics and that the concentration of methylene chloride could be reduced to less than 0.1 mg I-I within 120 min at a unit air flow rate of 0.833 1 min-II-I. The stripping rate constant k , which quantifies the rate of air stripping, can be predicted from the equation k = (H/RT) Q; where H is the Henry's law constant, R a universal constant and T temperature, provided that Qis kept within 0.833 1min-I I-I. The values of k were found to be 0.028,0.056,0.088 and 0.087 min-I at Q of 0.286, 0.571, 0.833 and 1.33 1 min 1-1, respectively

Sintesis Dan Pencirian Sebatian-Sebatian Model Oksinaftalenaklorosiklotrifosfazena Dan Pemerangkapan Getah Asli Cecair Terepoksida Dalam Siklomatriks Poli(1,5-Dioksinaftalenaklorosiklotrifosfazena)

Tesis ini merangkumi dua bahagian. Sahagian pertama melibatkan tindak balas antara heksaklorosiklotrifosfazena, (NPCI2h dan 1-naftol, S 1, pada nisbah mol 1: 1, 1:2 dan 1 :3. Tindak balas pada nisbah mol 1: 1 menghasilkan 4 sebatian mode! yang dikenaipasti dan dilabelkan P1, P2, P3-trans dan P3-cis. P1 dapat dipencilkan dengan turus kromotografi manakala P2, P3-trans dan P3-cis diperolehi sebagai satu campuran. Tindak balas pada nisbah mol 1:2 menghasilkan 7 sebatian model iaitu P1, P2, P3-trans, P3-cis, P4-trans, P4-cis dan P5. P1 dapat dipencilkan sebagai sebatian tulen, manakala P2, P3-trans dan P3-cis diperolehi sebagai satu campuran, dan P4-trans, P4-cis dan P5 juga diperolehi sebagai satu campuran. This thesis consists of two parts. Part one concerns with the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, (NPChh. with 1-napthol, 81, in the mole ratio of 1: 1, 1:2 and 1 :3. The reaction at 1:1 mole ratio afforded 4 model compounds that were identified and labeled as P1, P2, P3-trans and P3-cis. P1 could be isolated in pure form using column chromatography, whereas P2, P3-trans and P3-cis were obtained as a mixture. The reaction at 1:2 mole ratio yielded 7 model compounds: P1, P2, P3-trans, P3-cis, P4- trans, P4-cis and P5. P1 was isolated as a pure compound, whereas P2, P3-trans and P3-cis were obtained as a mixture, and P4-trans, P4-cis and P5 were also obtained as a mixture

Goal Orientation and Motives for Participation of Teacher-Coaches of Track and Field in Kuching Samarahan, Sarawak

The dependence on teacher-coaches for the bulk of the nation's athletic talent and the lack of sporting talent are matters of great concern. Frequently teacher-coaches become victims in efforts to find the causes even though there is a lack of research to understand the situation. This study described the goal-orientation and motives for participation of teacher-coaches of track and field in secondary schools in Kuching Samarahan, Sarawak as well as the characteristics of the coaching environment in these schools. The instruments utilized to measure the goal-orientation and the motives for participation were translated versions of the Task and Ego Orientation Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Shaharudin, 1998) and the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ; Khairuddin, 1998) respectively and modified to suit the participants. Pre-test of these versions were conducted with similar samples and yielded Cronbach reliability coefficients of .91 and .88 respectively. The results were obtained from 77 teacher coaches of track and field from 47 schools in Kuching Samarahan Division. The return rate was 81%. Results of the F -test showed that there were no statistically significant differences in goal orientation and motives for participation among the teacher-coaches of high performing, medium performing and low performing groups. Overall, 93% of the teacher-coaches were highly task-goal oriented. Skill Development (M = 4.64, SD = .48) was the most important factor affecting participation followed by Excitement/Challenge (M = 4.60, SD = .42). Recognition/Status was the least important (M = 3.00, SD = .83). All coaches in the study showed similar goal profiles and motivational tendencies. Bivariate correlations analysis revealed that, in general, task-goal orientation and intrinsic motivations were moderately and significantly correlated indicating a substantial relationship between the variables. Bivariate correlations also revealed that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation were highly correlated indicating that while the participation of the teacher-coaches were significantly influenced by intrinsic motivational factors, extrinsic motives were also important. However, extrinsic factors had only a low correlation to ego-goal orientation. Together with the findings from the descriptive statistics, the study alerted us on the importance and impact of the coaching environment on teacher-coaches of largely similar goal orientation and motives for participation. If these teacher-coaches are to be effective introducers of their sport to students, the Ministry of Education must attend to creating an environment befitting the goal-orientation and motivation of the teacher-coaches. Implications for further practice and further research were discussed

The study of variability of the anterior ethmoidal artery in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the variability of the anterior ethmoidal artery in Malaysian population by using computed tomography. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 252 computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses acquired between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2016. The multiplanar computed tomography images were reconstructed to axial, coronal and sagittal view at 1 mm slice thickness. The relationship of the artery with the skull base, the effect of the pneumatization of ethmoid sinus on this relationship and the distances of the artery from important adjacent reference points were assessed. Results: The anterior ethmoidal foramen was seen in 100% of cases, whereas the anterior ethmoidal canal was only seen in 34.1%. 42.5 % of the anterior ethmoidal artery was found within the skull base, 20.2% at the skull base and the remaining 37.3% coursed freely below the skull base. The prevalence of the supraorbital ethmoid cell and the suprabullar cell were 29.8% and 48.0%, respectively. There was statistically significant association between the presence of the supraorbital ethmoid cell and the position of the anterior ethmoidal artery at the skull base (p < 0.001). The mean height of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate was 3.74 1.01 mm. The lateral lamella was 1-3 mm in 42.1% and 4-7 mm in 57.9%. With increase in the height of the lateral lamella, the probability for the anterior ethmoidal artery to course freely within the ethmoid sinus increases (p = 0.016). The mean distance of the anterior ethmoidal artery from the skull base was 1.93 2.03 mm, from the orbital floor 21.91 2.47 mm and 49.01 3.53 mm from the nasal floor. Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the variability of the anterior ethmoidal artery and its relationship with the skull base. We believe that these details are of paramount importance as a guide for surgeons to ensure a safe endoscopic sinus surgery

A Comparative Study on the Performance of Metroxylon Sagu and Metroxylon Rumphil Grown on Gleyed Mineral Soil and Organic Soil

Sago palm is currently one of the major starch resources in Malaysia, as indicated by the M$14 million average annual export value obtained in the past few years. The two main types of sago palms found in Sarawak are the smooth sheathed Metroxylon sagu and spiny sheathed Metroxylon rumphii. These are grown all over Sarawak on different soil types ranging from mineral soil, shallow peat and deep peat. To date, no information is available on the performance of these two varieties grown on these soil types. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil types on the growth, physical characteristics of the palms, the starch quality, and yield of the resultant starch extracted from these palms. The longitudinal and radial starch distribution of the palm, the different methods of estimating starch yields and the leaf nutrient variation of the sago palm were also evaluated.Results from this study indicated that sago palm performed better on mineral soil than on the marginal peat soil with starch yield ranging from 182 to 260 kg / trunk for Metroxylon sagu in mineral soil compared to 128 to 188 kg / trunk in deep peat. In terms of starch yields against palm maturity, total starch yield was found to increase with palm age up to the 'Angau Muda' (flowering) stage after which the total starch content decreased sharply. The physico-chemical characteristics of the sago starch from both varieties and different stages of maturity did not differ significantly. The longitudinal and radial distribution of the starch in trunk of the palm was uneven. The upper portion of the trunk and the outer segment of the pith had lower starch contents. The starch yield per trunk of sago can be estimated by measuring the trunk length and girth at breast height. Studies showed that estimating of starch yield based on volume basis is easier and more accurate. The study on the variation leaf nutrient content of sago palm recommended frond 9 be sampled for the assessment of the nutrient status of the palm

Circular polarised microstrip antenna design using segmental methods

Research into the modelling and analysis of microstrip patch antenna have been reported in many studies. These include Transmission Line Modelling, Cavity Modelling, Coplanar Multiport Modelling and Full wave Modelling. Since the electromagnetic field elements are time harmonic, the phasor-form of the Maxwell field equations is used. In this thesis results are presented of the research that has been carried out into the segmental approach for the analysis of the microwave patch antennas. The segmental approach includes the "Segmentation" and the "Desegmentation" methods. In the segmentation method two distinct structural forms have been identified, cascade and shunt types. In the cascade type all consecutive segment elements share a common boundary, while for the shunt type, all appended segment elements have no common boundary. In the case of the shunt type structure a generalised input impedance matrix formula, for any number of appended segment elements, has been obtained. For the desegmentation method a generalised input impedance for any number of deleted segment elements, has been obtained. The above research studies have been applied in the design of a circular polarised two corner deleted square patch microstrip antenna with a single feed. For this structure the design involves both square and triangular patch geometries. The overall patch geometry for circular polarised is determined using perturbation analysis to determine the size of the deleted triangular segment elements. New computationally efficient impedance coupling expressions for the interconnecting port impedances on a rectangle, and, on a right angled isosceles triangle shaped antenna patch have been derived. In the determination of the input impedance of the overall antenna structure the coupling impedances constitute the elements of the individual segment coupling matrices. The matrices are used in a general multiport matrix circuit analysis to obtain the input impedance formula. It is established that, where applicable, the desegmentation method is computationally more efficient than the segmentation method. The new results obtained have been applied to the design of a corner deleted square patch antenna, and, the design procedure is fully described. The computer program implementation evaluates the perturbation quantity, and, the antenna input impedance. The structural properties of the coupling matrices, which are used for efficient computation, are described in detail. All the results from the above work show close agreement with full-wave software simulation and practical results. SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS: Both segmentation and desegmentation methods have been studied and it has been shown that the desegmentation approach, when applicable, is in general significantly more computationally efficient. In the segmentation method two structural forms, cascade and shunt have been identified. In the latter case a new generalised input impedance matrix formula has been obtained for any number of appended segment elements. A new generalised input impedance matrix formula has been obtained for any number of deleted segment elements in the desegmentation method. New computationally efficient expressions for the coupling impedances have been derived and used in test applications. New computationally efficient expressions for the offset input impedance of a linear polarised rectangular patch, and, an isosceles right-angled triangular patch have been derived and experimentally verified. A program implementing the design procedure for the corner-deleted truncated square patch circular polarised microstrip antenna has been constructed using MATHCAD programming

Kernelized radial basis probabilistic neural network for classification of river water quality

Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Network (RBPNN) demonstrates broader and much more generalized capabilities which have been successfully applied to different fields.In this paper, the RBPNN is extended by calculating the Euclidean distance of each data point based on a kernel-induced distance instead of the conventional sum-of squares distance.The kernel function is a generalization of the distance metric that measures the distance between two data points as the data points are mapped into a high dimensional space.Through comparing the four constructed classification models with Kernelized RBPNN, Radial Basis Function networks, RBPNN and Back-Propagation networks as intended, results showed that, model classification on River water quality of Langat river in Selangor, Malaysia by Kernelized RBPNN exhibited excellent performance in this regard

The review of integrative medicine practice’s strengths and weaknesses worldwide

Integrative medicine practice or integrated medicine (IM) has been introduced as a new concept to emerge both conventional medicine (CM) and traditional/complementary medicine (T/CM).This integrated and accessible healthcare was useful in bridging the gaps between CM and T/CM.This study is conducted to gain understanding the concept of the integrated medicine practice in the perspective of strengths and weaknesses.To conduct in-depth understand on the current development of integrative Medicine practice, the study methods involve worldwide electronic database system for searching its strengths and weaknesses of the integrative medicine practice.In general, integrative medicine is demanded by a patient as a new concept of medicine in new millennium.It is providing all medicine basics that included CM and T/CM therapies that focus more on health and healing, more evidence base to T/CM therapies, as well as bridging the communication gaps between CM and T/CM physician.However, integrative medicine still has its limitation, especially CM physicians look at T/CM as a source of “cash cow” to attract more clients or patients to make more profit.Moreover, the malpractice issues also accrue due to the unmatured medical theory applies and the wrong emerging of medical theory usage.For instance, lack of evidential base in integrative medicine therapy and the difficulties to integrate multi medicine practice into the integrative medicine concept are the major challenges.Despite attempts to reveal integrative medicine strengths and weaknesses, its significant impacts upon individual or nationality still remain unknown.There are still many limitations to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the integrative medicine model implemented