Experimental Studies on Hatching Conditions of the Resting Eggs of Marine Cladocerans and Their Seasonal Variation in Onagawa Bay

eladoceransOnagawa Bayseasonal successionresting eggshatchabilit

Multiple Digit Formation inXenopusLimb Bud Recombinants

AbstractWe prepared recombinant limb buds ofXenopustadpoles by grafting a mesenchyme mass of the hindlimb bud. TheXenopusrecombinant limb buds with dissociated and reaggregated mesenchyme developed more than 30 digits with cartilage segmentation, while those with undissociated mesenchyme developed a limb with normal cartilage pattern. Before the formation of multiple digits, a patchy expression pattern offgf-8,an AER marker, was observed in the distal region of recombinant limb buds.shh,a ZPA (zone of polarizing activity) marker, was expressed broadly in the distal region of recombinants. Recombinant limb buds with the reaggregated mesenchyme of anterior halves formed anterior digits with claws, and those with the mesenchyme of posterior halves formed posterior digits without claws. The temporal and spatial changes in the potency of multiple digit formation are discussed with reference to the regenerative capacity ofXenopuslimb buds

Combining hot-compressed water and ball milling pretreatments to improve the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis of eucalyptus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lignocellulosic biomass such as wood is an attractive material for fuel ethanol production. Pretreatment technologies that increase the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass have a major influence on the cost of the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation processes. Pretreatments without chemicals such as acids, bases or organic solvents are less effective for an enzymatic hydrolysis process than those with chemicals, but they have a less negative effect on the environment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus was examined following a combined pretreatment without chemicals comprising a ball milling (BM) and hot-compressed water (HCW) treatment. The BM treatment simultaneously improved the digestibility of both glucan and xylan, and was effective in lowering the enzyme loading compared with the HCW treatment. The combination of HCW and BM treatment reduced the BM time. The eucalyptus treated with HCW (160°C, 30 minutes) followed by BM (20 minutes) had an approximately 70% yield of total sugar with a cellulase loading of 4 FPU/g substrate. This yield was comparable to the yields from samples treated with HCW (200°C, 30 minutes) or BM (40 minutes) hydrolyzed with 40 FPU/g substrate.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The HCW treatment is useful in improving the milling efficiency. The combined HCW-BM treatment can save energy and enzyme loading.</p

Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Asian Geolinguistics

This volume contains papers presented at the fifth International Conference on Asian Geolinguistics (ICAG) held at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU, Ha Noi, Vietnam, from 4 to 5 May, 2023

Influence of adding carbon nanotubes on photoelectric conversion properties of dye-doped titania gel

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated into amorphous dye-doped titania gel by the sol-gel method at room temperature. The working electrodes were prepared by coating the ITO glass with the sol-gel titania precursor containing the dye and MWCNTs. The photoelectric conversion properties of the electrodes were examined by simple spectroscopic and electric measurements. The photocurrent spectrum originated from the absorption of the dye. The short circuit photocurrent was enhanced by adding a small amount of MWCNTs evenly to the amorphous dye-doped titania gel. The open circuit voltage was due to the semiconducting characteristics property of the titania gel. The experimental results indicated the electron transport from the dye excited states to the MWCNTs through the titania gel. The MWCNTs functioned as bridges between the titania and ITO. Steam treatment of the titania gel electrodes significantly increased the photoelectric performance due to crystallization of the titania and enhancement of the dye-titania interaction forming the chelate complex on the titania particle surface.ArticleRESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES. 38(8):1857-1869 (2012)journal articl