STRUKTUR ANATOMI DAN DIFERENSIASI BATANG Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M. Perry

Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M.Perry (Rubiaceae) is one of the ant plants, having a unique stem resembles a tuber. Morphology of the tuber is closely related to anatomical structure of stem differentiation with the cavities pattern. This study aimed to determine the development of M. pendens stem cells during the differentiation process, observe the anatomical structure of tubers, and its cavities pattern. The anatomical slides of the stem differentiation from five early phases were made by the paraffin method. The results showed that differentiation occurs in the cortical parenchyma near the bundle vessels and the parenchyma cells turned into phellogen cells. The activity of these phellogen cells causes the lysis of M. pendens stem cells then form cavities, the cells differentiate, and the stem swelling into tubers. The cavity pattern of M. pendens with habitat in the mountainous is a cavity formed from the basal part of the tuber with one opening then extends to the shoot area and branches to form a chamber. M. pendens stem cells from outside to inside as follows: phellem, phellogen, phelloderm, inner surface cells of the cavity in the form of phellem in the first cavity, and wart cells in the branching chambers. This research needs to continue related to the anatomical pattern of the formation of the second cavity and so on, as well as the influence of ant interactions on the form of differentiation of M. pendens stem.Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & L.M.Perry (Rubiaceae) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan sarang semut yang mempunyai morfologi batang yang unik seperti umbi. Morfologi umbi berkaitan erat dengan struktur anatomi batang yang berdiferensiasi dengan pola rongganya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan sel-sel batang M. pendens selama proses diferensiasi dan mengamati struktur anatomi umbi beserta pola rongganya. Slide anatomi sel umbi dari lima fase perkembangan awal diferensiasi batang M. pendens dibuat dengan metode parafin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya diferensiasi yang terjadi pada parenkim korteks dekat berkas pembuluh dan sel-sel parenkim berubah menjadi sel-sel felogen. Aktivitas sel-sel felogen menyebabkan sel-sel penyusun batang M. pendens lisis lalu membentuk rongga, sel-selnya berdiferensiasi, dan terjadi pembesaran organ menjadi umbi. Pola rongga M. pendens dengan habitat di dataran tinggi yaitu rongga terbentuk dari bagian basal umbi dengan satu lubang pembukaan, kemudian meluas hingga ke arah pucuk dan bercabang membentuk ruang rongga. Sel-sel penyusun batang M. pendens dari luar ke dalam yaitu felem, felogen, feloderm, sel permukaan dalam rongga berupa felem pada rongga pertama, dan sel-sel kutil pada percabangan ruang rongga. Penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan terkait pola anatomi pembentukan rongga kedua dan seterusnya serta pengaruh interaksi semut terhadap diferensiasi batang M. pendens

Mikromorfologi dan Perkecambahan In Vitro Biji Anggrek Endemik Sulawesi: Phalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie

Phalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie adalah anggrek endemik Sulawesi terancam punah sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya konservasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui mikromorfologi dan media perkecambahan in vitro untuk mendukung upaya konservasi P. venosa. Biji P. venosa dipanen pada enam bulan setelah penyerbukan dan disimpan di freezer pada suhu -4 °C selama sembilan bulan. Pengamatan mikromorfologi menggunakan mikroskop cahaya OPTIKA M-699. Biji P. venosa memiliki panjang 91.99±17.73 µm, lebar 20.64 ±4.34 µm; serta embrio dengan panjang 52.27±12.13 µm, lebar 16.72±3.42 µm, dan rongga udara 13.25% ± 11.65%. Pengujian perkecambahan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor, yaitu enam macam media, dan enam ulangan. Media perkecambahan yang diujikan yaitu Hyponex modifikasi (HS), Vacin & Went modifikasi (mVW), Knudson’s C modifikasi (mKC), Knudson’s C (KCA), Murashige & Skoog setengah konsentrasi (1/2MS), dan Murashige & Skoog (MS). Tingkat perkecambahan tertinggi pada 12 minggu setelah tanam (12 MST) terdapat pada media HS (70.52%) dengan rata-rata 14.35 biji berkecambah. Perkembangan protokorm di media HS lebih lambat dibandingkan perkembangan protokorm di media 1/2MS yang menunjukkan pembentukan rhizoid dan pucuk daun. Hal itu karena media 1/2MS lebih kaya nutrisi dibandingkan dengan media HS. Kata kunci: media perkecambahan, mikromorfologi biji, OrchidaceaePhalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie, one of Sulawesi’s endemic orchid species, is threatened to extinction, hence require conservation efforts. Capsules of P. venosa were harvested six months after pollination. Seeds were stored in the freezer at -4 °C for nine months. Micromorphology was observed using a light microscope OPTIKA M-699. The seeds of P. venosa were 91.99±17.73 µm long and 20.64 ±4.34 µm wide, containing embryos 52.27±12.13 µm long and 16.72±3.42 µm wide, and the air space was 13.25%±11.65%. The experiment used a completely randomized design with one factor, namely six media and six replications. Media for germination including modified Hyponex (HS), modified Vacin & Went (mVW), modified Knudson’s C (mKC), Knudson’s C (KCA), Murashige & Skoog half concentration (1/2MS), and Murashige & Skoog (MS). The highest germination rate at 12 weeks after planting (12 WAP) was found in HS (70.52%). The average number of seeds germinating in HS at 12 WAP was 14.35 seeds, but the development of protocorms was slower compared to 1/2MS, which showed the development of rhizoid and leaf primordia. This is due to the higher nutritional content of 1/2MS compared to HS. Keywords: germination media, Orchidaceae, seed micromorphology &nbsp

IDENTIFIKASI DAN FENOLOGI KOLEKSI Canarium hirsutum Willd. DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR

Canarium cf. hirsutum, Bogor Botanic Gardens collection in vak Z.200–200a, originating from North Sulawesi, has a morphological character that is different from other Canarium species. The different morphological characters are the presence of brown and sharp feathers on the leaf stalks, leaf blades, buds, and rind. These two collections also have no stipules and have deciduous leaves. this research aimed to obtain a valid species name from Canarium cf. hirsutum in vak Z.200 and 200a and their phenological data. The identification was carried out observatively, with observations on the morphological characters of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit, as well as flower anatomy. Furthermore, it is compared with specimen type, protologue, herbarium, and literatures. From the reidentification results, both plant collections are Canarium hirsutum Willd. These collections are dioecious, female trees at Z.200a and male trees at Z.200. The fallen leaves, twice a year in February to March and September to October. Shedding of leaves occurs for 1–2 months, and without leaves for 7–10 days. Female tree produces flowers four times and bears fruit twice. Male tree produces flowers twice. Young fruit appears 35 days after flowering appears. The development of fruit to harvest is for 10 months. Seed germination of five seeds from 18 fruits (27.7%) sown in March 2020, 44–93 days after sowing. Further research is necessary, especially related to the character of male and female flower structure, pollen beads, and repentiveness of the pistil.Canarium cf. hirsutum koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor vak Z.200–200a, berasal dari Sulawesi Utara, memiliki karakter morfologi yang berbeda dengan jenis Canarium lainnya. Karakter morfologi yang berbeda adalah adanya bulu-bulu cokelat dan tajam pada tangkai daun, helaian daun, pucuk tunas, dan kulit buahnya, serta tidak memiliki daun penumpu. Selain itu, kedua koleksi ini mengalami gugur daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nama jenis yang valid dari Canarium cf. hirsutum di vak Z.200 dan 200a beserta data fenologinya. Identifikasi dilakukan secara observatif, dengan pengamatan pada karakter morfologi daun, batang, bunga, buah, dan anatomi bunga. Selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan spesimen tipe, protolog, herbarium, dan literatur. Dari hasil reidentifikasi, kedua koleksi merupakan jenis Canarium hirsutum Willd. Kedua koleksi tersebut berumah dua (dioecious), pohon betina pada Z.200a dan pohon jantan pada Z.200. Kedua koleksi mengalami gugur daun, dua kali setahun, yakni pada Februari hingga Maret dan September hingga Oktober. Proses gugur daun terjadi selama 1–2 bulan, dan kondisi tanpa daun selama 7–10 hari. Pohon betina Z.200a menghasilkan bunga empat kali dan berbuah dua kali. Pohon jantan Z.200 menghasilkan bunga dua kali. Buah muda muncul 35 hari setelah muncul perbungaan. Perkembangan dari buah muda hingga panen selama 10 bulan. Perkecambahan biji sebanyak lima kecambah dari 18 buah (27,7%) yang disemai pada Maret 2020, dengan lama waktu 44–93 hari setelah semai. Penelitian ini perlu dilanjutkan khususnya terkait dengan karakter struktur bunga jantan dan betina, butiran polen, dan repestifnya kepala putik

CATATAN WAKTU BERBUAH BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN DI RESORT SITUGUNUNG, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE-PANGRANGO

Collecting seed in the wild for conservation purposes has been facing a challenge in determining the best time to conduct the fieldwork in particular area. Fruiting time of some species was resulted from seed collecting fieldwork in Situgunung Resort of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park which were carried out during the rainy season of March 2018. There were 36 plant species from 24 families and 30 genera found in a fruiting stage. The information would be a benefit for science and particularly seed collecting or botanical fieldwork in the future.Collecting seed in the wild for conservation purposes has been facing a challenge in determining the best time to conduct the fieldwork in particular area. Fruiting time of some species was resulted from seed collecting fieldwork in Situgunung Resort of Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park which were carried out during the rainy season of March 2018. There were 36 plant species from 24 families and 30 genera found in a fruiting stage. The information would be a benefit for science and particularly seed collecting or botanical fieldwork in the future