Genital Herpes

Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most commonly seen sexually transmitted infections in the world. Genital herpes is a serious health problem because the infection continues through life with remissions and relapses, it causes recurring painful ulcers, and there is no known cure for it. The real prevalence of the genital herpes infection is unknown due to asymptomatic cases. The majority of infected individuals are not aware of the infection due to short duration of symptoms and signs or its asymptomatic nature. The clinical presentation of genital herpes shows certain differences in terms of the primary attack following the first encounter with the virus and recurrent attacks. There is a strong relationship between HSV-2 positivity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A serious complication of genital herpes in the mother during pregnancy, neonatal herpes, has a mortality risk of 60% if not treated. Antiviral therapy is safe and effective, for both episodic treatment and chronic suppression of HSV. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory, and treatment options of genital herpes are summarized in this chapter

An Update on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy

Leprosy is a granulomatous, chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that has been reported for than 2000 years. The infection primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves. M. leprae is bacterium that cannot be cultured in vitro and transmission and pathophysiological data is still uncertain and limited. Today the prevalence of this ancient disease is declining in most around the world. This decline is a direct effect of widespread administration by public health workers of multidrug therapy. However, emerging despite the use of multidrug therapy, identifying and monitoring resistance are still necessary

Historical Review of Peyronie's Disease de la Peyronie to Devine

Francois Gigot de la Peyronie, the famous French general surgeon, is very well known among urologists regarding the disease called by his name: Peyronie's disease. Because his father was also a surgeon, he followed his family tradition and became a doctor. He had gained most of his surgical skills during the civil wars in the 16th century. His academic career in France was outstanding. He was one of the two founders of the Royal Academy of Surgery. He was also the First Surgeon to King Louis XV. Even though he was a great surgeon and university professor, his legacy consists only of numerous case reports and not even one comprehensive textbook. However, his paper on induratio penis plastica attached his name and credit to the disease, and since then it has been called Peyronie's disease. This chapter consists of the history of the disease, starting with early assumptions of its pathophysiology and treatment up to the current knowledge, which still has dilemmas

Real Time Big Data Analytics for Tool Wear Protection with Deep Learning in Manufacturing Industry

Industry 4.0 is a motivation that represents the transformation by data-driven industrial operations and decision making by digitization of manufacturing processes to gain operational advantages in the market. Considering how the manufacturing sector is adopting data-driven operations is challenging, given that there is not a straightforward definition of machine traceability, receiving and storing raw data from manufacturing lines, gives an opportunity to analyse the processes in real time nature. Thanks to big data management platforms and artificial intelligence decision support algorithms, it gives the ability to deeply understand the complexity of the processes and, accordingly, to eliminate or minimise false methods and reduce the costs that are insufficient for production. In addition, one of the biggest preventable costs for metal machining processes is the tool breakage and tool wearing problems. The motivation of this paper is to discuss data-driven decision making possibilities of the tool wearing and optimise breakage costs with using artificial intelligence. Furthermore, the analysis provides a proof-of-concept that the existence of a digital infrastructure combined with the analytical capabilities, such as real-time data management and monitoring, and having a highly accurate LSTM based time-series integrated artificial intelligent predictive model, to deal with inefficiencies in production processes. To this end, in this context, by developing the latest advancements in big data analytics, we propose a scalable predictive and preventive maintenance architecture for metal machining processes domain. We also show the opportunities and challenges of utilizing the big data architecture in the manufacturing domain

Computer-assisted assessment of ovarian echotexture parameters in mares following changes after ovulation determined by ultrasonography

This study was carried out to determine the time-dependent changes in the ultrasonographic image of the ovary with computer-assisted analysis programs at certain intervals after ovulation and to determine whether computer-assisted analysis programs and ovulation programs can be managed in cases where the ovulation time is unknown. The study included 40 purebred Arab mares. The study was subdivided into 4 different time periods of 6 (Group 1), 12 (Group 2), 18 (Group 3) and 24 (Group 4) hours following ovulation. In addition, after ovulation and ultrasonographic examination, natural insemination was performed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, and pregnancy examination and follow-up were performed at 15-30-45 days. In the echotexture analysis, mean grayness value (MGV) and contrast (CON) measurements were at different levels according to the time groups (p<0.001). Homogeneity (HOM) measurements were at different levels according to the time groups (p<0.001). A very strong, significant negative correlation was determined between MGV and pregnancy rates (r=-0.91, p=0.01, p<0.05). No significant relationship was observed between HOM values and pregnancy rates (r=0.19, p=0.23, p>0.05). A very strong, significant negative correlation was determined between CON and pregnancy rates (r=-0.92, p=0.01, p<0.05). It was concluded that the use of ultrasonographic echotexture in mares after ovulation provided very important information. In cases where the time of ovulation was not known, by looking at the values of echotexture parameters, it was seen that the highest pregnancy rates were at the 6th hour and the lowest pregnancy rates were at the 24th hour. As the echotexture parameters MGV and CON increased, it was determined that pregnancy rates decreased, but there was no relationship between them and the HOM value

Penile Mondor Disease and its Effect on Erectile Function: Results of 30 Patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the treatment outcomes among patients diagnosed with penile Mondor disease and to evaluate the effect of the disease on erectile function

Effect of Vitamin D Treatment on Glycemic Control, Diastolic Functions, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

WOS: 000473267000005Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 25(OH)D3 levels on glycemic control, diastolic functions, and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to the endocrinology department, with the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were under follow-up for at least six months and also had 25(OH)D3 deficiency [25(OH)D3 levels <20 ng/mL] were included in this study. D3 supplement (50.000 IU) was administered to the patients every month up to six months. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured using the B-mode ultrasonography. Diastolic function was evaluated using the tissue doppler imaging by measuring tissue e wave/tissue a wave (e'/a') and annular E wave/tissue e wave (E/e') ratios. All the evaluations were made at baseline and at six months after vitamin D3 supplementation. Results: A total of 45 (27 females, 18 males; mean age: 56.2 +/- 7.8 years) patients were included in this study. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.5 +/- 6.8 (ranging from 7.0 to 9.0 years) years. It was found that even after D3 supplementation, fasting plasma glucose and Hemoglobin A1C levels did not change, yet, the carotid intimamedia thickness reduced (788 +/- 100 mu m vs. 745 +/- 116.8 mu m; p=0.009). Diastolic function parameters e'/a' (0.79 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.26; p=0.03) and E/e' (7.27 +/- 1.81 vs. 6.52 +/- 1.65; p=0.048) also improved significantly after the therapy. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, who are also having vitamin D deficiency, seems to be beneficial in reducing the thickness of carotid intima-media, which is a well-known cardiovascular risk predictor, and in improving diastolic functions by vitamin D repletion. Further prospective well-designed studies with a larger patient population are needed to lead a firm conclusion in this regard

Standards for Clinical Trials in Male Sexual Dysfunctions

Introduction