Psychosocial and educational outcomes of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether infants with weight faltering have impaired psychosocial and educational outcomes in later childhood. DESIGN: Follow-up of infants with weight faltering in a large UK cohort study. SETTING: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). PARTICIPANTS: 11 534 term infants from ALSPAC with complete weight records. Weight gain (conditional on initial weight) was calculated for three periods: from birth to 8 weeks, 8 weeks to 9 months, and birth to 9 months. Cases of weight faltering were defined as those infants with a conditional weight gain below the 5th centile, and these were compared with the rest of the cohort as the control group. OUTCOMES: Between 6 and 11 years, social, emotional and behavioural development was measured by direct assessment of the children and parental and teacher report. Educational outcomes included Standardised Assessment Test results at 7 and 11 years and Special Educational Needs status at age 11. RESULTS: Differences seen on univariate analysis in attention, non-verbal accuracy, educational attainment and special educational needs became non-significant after adjustment for confounding. Children with weight faltering in infancy did not differ from controls on any measures of self-esteem, peer relationships, experience of bullying, social cognition, antisocial activities, anxiety, depression or behavioural problems. CONCLUSIONS: Weight faltering in early infancy was associated with poorer educational outcomes in later childhood, but these associations were explained by confounding. The subsequent psychosocial development of infants with slow weight gain was not different from that of their peers

Girl or boy? Prenatal lead, cadmium and mercury exposure and the secondary sex ratio in the ALSPAC study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prenatal exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury levels on the secondary sex ratio. Whole blood samples were collected from pregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study at a median gestational age of 11 weeks and were analyzed for lead, cadmium and mercury. Regression analysis was used to identify associations between maternal lead, cadmium and mercury levels and the secondary sex ratio with adjustment for confounders. There was no evidence for associations between maternal lead, cadmium or mercury levels and the secondary sex ratio in this sample. It appears unlikely that alterations in the secondary sex ratio are influenced by exposure to heavy metals, but further work should be done in large cohorts in other countries to confirm these findings

Intake of game birds in the UK:assessment of the contribution to the dietary intake of lead by women of childbearing age and children

AbstractObjectiveConcern has recently been expressed about Pb levels in Pb-shot game meat. Our aim was to determine the consumption of game birds in a representative sample population in the UK, and in children and women of childbearing age in particular.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional cohort study. Data from 4 d diet diaries from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS; 2008–2010) were extracted to analyse data on game bird consumption in the sample population, in women of childbearing age (15–45 years old) and in children ≤6 years old.SettingHome-based study in representative areas of the UK.SubjectsParticipants in the NDNS (2008–2010; n 2126, age 1·5 to &gt;65 years).ResultsFifty-eight participants (2·7 %) reported eating game birds. The mean intake was 19·5 (sd 18·1) g/d (median 15·6, range 1·3–92·9 g/d). In women of childbearing age (15–45 years), 11/383 (2·9 %) reported eating game birds, with a mean intake of 22·4 (sd 25·8) g/d (median 15·6, range 2·0–92·9 g/d). In children aged ≤6 years old, 3/342 (0·9 %) were reported as eating game birds, with a mean intake of 6·8 (sd 9·7) g/d (median 2·4, range 1·3–23·2 g/d).ConclusionsThe prevalence of consumption of game birds by women of childbearing age and children ≤6 years old was relatively low and intakes were small. However, any exposure to Pb in these two groups is undesirable. As are uncertainties about the ability of the diet diary method to capture the consumption of food items that are infrequently consumed, alternative methods of capturing these data should be used in future studies.</jats:sec

La psychanalyse d’enfant

L’auteure examine la nature spécifique de la psychanalyse d’enfants, ses caractéristiques au Québec et ailleurs, et les critères pour cette sorte d’analyse. Elle analyse ce qui distingue la psychanalyse d’enfants des autres formes de thérapie (incluant la thérapie familiale), son impact sur la famille comme un tout, comment les parents se sentent par rapport à la consultation, l’importance du jeu et du monde imaginaire et le processus du traitement.The author examines the specific nature of child psychoanalysis, its characteristics in Quebec and elsewhere, and the criteria for this kind of analysis. She analyses what distinguishes child psychoanalysis from other forms of therapy (including family therapy), its impact on the family as a whole, how the parents feel about the consultation, the importance of play and the imaginary world, and the process of treatment

Situationism and Performative Communication: The Counter-Conduct of Committed Indifference

Foucault’s notion of counter-conduct offers an interesting and challenging way to reimagine dissent. This essay briefly examines how certain kinds of dissent are uniquely challenging to systems and institutions because they are not easily subsumed by the system or its perceived (or traditional) contraries. An important example of this kind of dissent was, in the twentieth century, the Dada, Surrealist, and Situationist movements, which don’t simply point (or conduct) people to a standard and easily imagined&nbsp;alternative to the prevailing hegemony, but seek to radically disrupt the way people see the world through different kinds of conduct which are fundamentally contrary to the prevailing order

INTERGENERATIONAL INCLUSION FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA GLOBALLY AND NATIONALLY: A TWO-PHASE STUDY

Importance: This research explores the topic of intergenerational inclusion for people living with dementia. Both in Scotland and internationally, intergenerational programmes have been implemented with the aim of fostering inclusive relationships between people of different age groups. A sub-set of intergenerational programmes, moreover, have focused on the inclusion and participation of people living with dementia in particular. Such programmes are perceived to be important due to the potential they have to combat trends of loneliness and social isolation that may affect people of all ages. Programmes are also perceived to have the potential to generate positive outcomes for both younger and older participants, such as increased knowledge and understanding of ageing and dementia among younger age groups and enhanced enjoyment and engagement among older participants. Research Gap & Questions: However, intergenerational practice has been recognised to unfold in the absence of an adequate conceptual framework (Vanderven, 2004). This research uses a comparative and evaluative methodology to analyse how the concept of intergenerational inclusion for people living with dementia has been understood and operationalised internationally and in Scotland. Using insights from this analysis of international and national practice, the research further explores how intergenerational practice and policy can be further developed. Methodology: The research uses a two-phase study design informed by realist evaluation (Pawson, 2013) and thematic analysis. The first phase of the study comprises a realist synthesis review method to explore the understanding and operationalisation of intergenerational inclusion for people living with dementia internationally. The second phase of the study comprises a qualitative, semi-structured interview method to explore the understanding and operationalisation of intergenerational inclusion for people living with dementia in Scotland. Interviewees involved in the study are Scottish stakeholders with expertise in the provision of dementia services and/or intergenerational practice. Results: Results have been thematically analysed according to the context-mechanism-outcome configuration of realist evaluation. Mechanisms identified at the international level include role provision; matching and preferences; and meaningful and structured activities. Mechanisms identified within the Scottish context include preparation and planning; purpose and roles; preferences, lived experience and personhood; and sharing and learning. Higher- level findings are presented regarding intergenerational inclusion for people living with dementia, policymaking, and partnership working in Scotland. Implications: The implications of this research include, firstly, presenting a definition of intergenerational dementia programmes along with reflections on current ambiguities and tension in regard to existing definitions. Secondly, synthesised findings regarding how intergenerational dementia programmes ‘work’ in terms of their contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes are presented, with explanatory factors including the provision of roles for participants, the use of individual preferences to inform programme design, the development of meaningful and structured activities, flexible planning, and processes of sharing and learning between different age groups. Finally, an exploration of how the understanding and operationalisation of intergenerational inclusion is linked to key theories and concepts is undertaken along with recommendations for future theoretical development, encompassing personhood, intergroup contact theory, relationship and activity theory, and generativity. Directions for further research are also presented

American foreign policy has a masculinity problem: a discourse analysis of the Iran deal

The research in this paper seeks to analyze the rhetoric surrounding issues of American foreign policy using the Iran Deal as a case study. The main question this research intends to answer is: Are suggested soft power policy solutions, such as that of the Iran Deal, characterized as either feminine or masculine? I seek to answer this question through a discourse analysis of the rhetoric in newspaper articles from The New York Times and The Washington Post about the Iran Deal from the year 2015. I identify common themes and phrases among these articles and draw my own conclusions about their frequency and relationship. Ultimately, I find that soft power policy solutions are characterized through the use of both feminine and masculine language depending on whether or not the owner of the rhetoric is supportive or unsupportive of the policy. This research begs the question of whether or not feminine language is used to render a soft power policy solution as inherently less legitimate than hard power policy solutions. Implications regarding soft power policies, women and heterosexual men in the field of foreign policy, and the difference in value given to masculinity and femininity will be discussed

Alien Registration- Emond, Michael (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/29368/thumbnail.jp

Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tetraarylethylenes and Their Application for the Preparation of [Triphenylethylene−Spacer−Triphenylethylene] Triads

We have demonstrated that reactions of diphenylmethyllithium with a variety of substituted benzophenones produces corresponding tertiary alcohols that are easily dehydrated, without any need for purification, to produce various unsymmetrical and symmetrical tetraarylethylenes in excellent yields. The simplicity of the method allows for the preparation of a variety of ethylenic derivatives in multigram (10−50 g) quantities with great ease. The methodology was successfully employed for the preparation of various triphenylethylene (TPE)-based triads (i.e., TPE−spacer−TPE) containing polyphenylene and fluoranyl-based spacers. The ready availability of various substituted tetraarylethylenes allowed us to shed light on the effect of substituents on the oxidation potentials (Eox) of various tetraarylethylenes. Moreover, the electronic coupling among the triphenylethylene moieties in various TPE−spacer−TPE triads was briefly probed by electrochemical and optical methods