Usnea longissima ekstresinin akciğer kanseri hücre kültürüne (A549) etkisi

Objective: Some lichens are known to demonstrate anticancer activity. However, to the best of our knowledge, no information is available about the activity of Usnea longissima against human lung cancer A549 cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of U. longissima extract on A549 cell line. Materials and Methods: The effect of U. longissima extract on A549 cell morphology in culture medium was investigated at a concentration of 400 µg/ml and examined using an Olympus inverted microscope (CK ×41, 10×), and the cytotoxic activity was tested at concentrations of 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.75 µg/ml according to the protocol published by Mosmann in 1983. Results: Dimethyl sulfoxide used as solvent did not have any toxic effects on the A549 cells. However, nearly all A549 cells administered with U. longissima extract died. U. longissima extract damages the cell surface, resulting in their death. Conclusion: U. longissima extract showed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on A549 cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, it could be useful in the treatment of lung cancersAmaç: Bazı likenlerin antikanser aktivitesi olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak, Usnea longisima liken türünün insan akciğer kanser hücrelerine (A549) karşı aktivitesine ait bilgilere rastlanmadı. Bu çalışmanın amacı Usnea longisima’nın, A549 hücre hattına etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Usnea longisima ekstresinin kültür ortamında A549 hücre morfolojisine etkisi 400 µg/ml konsantrasyonda araştırıldı ve Olympus inverted mikroskobu (CK x 41, 10 x) ile incelendi. Usnea longisima ekstresinin sitotoksik aktivitesi 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 ve 6,75 µg/ml kosantrasyonlarda 1983’te Mosmann tarafından yayınlanan protokole göre test edildi. Bulgular: DMSO A549 hücre hattı üzerinde toksik etki oluşturmamıştır. Ancak, Usnea longisima ekstresi uygulanan A549 hücrelerin tamamına yakını ölmüştür. Ayrıca, Usnea longisima ekstresinin hücreleri yüzeyden kopararak ölümüne neden olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç: Usnea longisima ekstresi, in vitro ortamda A549 kanser hücreleri üzerinde doza bağlı olarak sitotoksik etki oluşturmuştur. Bu nedenle akciğer kanserlerinin tedavisinde faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedi

Structural and thermo-electrical properties of Sn-Al alloys

Thermal conductivities of pure Sn, pure Al and Sn-x wt% Al [x = 0.5, 2.2, 25, 50, 75] binary alloys were measured by radial heat flow method and were found to be 60.60, 208.80, 69.70, 80.30, 112.30, 142.00, 188.50 W/Km, respectively. The values of electrical resistivity were measured by four-point probe method and were found to be 2.90 x 10(-8)-3.90 x 10(-7) Omega cm. The crystal structures, unit cell parameters and orientations of crystallization of the same samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. Smooth surfaces with a clear grain boundary for the samples were shown on the scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The temperature coefficients of electrical and thermal conductivity were also determined

STRUCTURAL, SURFACE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF Sn-Ag ALLOYS

The structural, surface and transport properties of Sn-Ag alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), radial heat flow, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and four-point probe techniques. We observed that the samples had tetragonal crystal symmetry except for the pure Ag sample which had cubic crystal symmetry, and with the addition of Ag the cell parameters increased slightly. Smooth surfaces with a clear grain boundary for the samples were shown on the SEM micrographs. The grain sizes of pure Ag, beta-Sn and the formed Ag3Sn intermetallic compound phase for Sn-x wt.% Ag [x=1.5, 3.5] binary alloys were determined to be 316nm, between 92 nm and 80 nm and between 36 nm and 34 nm, respectively. The values of electrical resistivity for pure Sn, pure Ag and Sn-x wt.% Ag [x=1.5, 3.5] were obtained to be 22.60x10(-8), 62.36x10(-8), 23.54x10(-8), 24.62x10(-8) Omega.m at the temperature range of 300-450K, respectively. Thermal conductivity values of pure Sn and Sn-x wt.% Ag [x=1.5, 3.5] binary alloys were found to be 60.60 +/- 3.75, 69.00 +/- 4.27 and 84.60 +/- 5.24 W/Km. These values slightly decreased with increasing temperature and increase with increasing of the Ag composition. Additionally, the temperature coefficients of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity and the Lorenz numbers were calculated

The Protective Effect of Thiamine Pryophosphate Against Sugar-Induced Retinal Neovascularisation in Rats

Cetin, Nihal/0000-0003-3233-8009;WOS: 000476915300003PubMed: 31165688The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), administered via sugar water, on retinal neovascularisation in rats. Animals were assigned to three groups, namely the TPP sugar-water group (TPSWG, n = 12), the control group (CG, n = 12) and the healthy group (HG, n = 12). the TPSWG was injected intraperitoneally with TPP once a day for 6 months. CG and HG rats were given distilled water in the same way. TPSWG and CG rats were left free to access an additional 0.292 mmol/ml of sugar water for 6 months. the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of the animals were measured monthly. After 6 months, biochemical, gene expression and histopathologic analyses were carried out in the retinal tissues removed from the animals after they were killed. the measured FBG levels were 6.96 +/- 0.09 mmol/ml (p < 0.0001 vs. HG), 6.95 +/- 0.06 mmol/ml (p < 0.0001 vs. HG) and 3.94 +/- 0.10 mmol/ml in the CG, TPSWG and HG groups, respectively. the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be 2.82 +/- 0.23 (p < 0.0001 vs. HG), 1.40 +/- 0.32 (p < 0.0001 vs. HG) and 1.66 +/- 0.17 in the CG, TPSWG and HG, respectively. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene expression was increased (3.78 +/- 0.29, p < 0.0001) and total glutathione (tGSH) was decreased (1.32 +/- 0.25, p < 0.0001) in the retinal tissue of CG compared with TPSWG (1.92 +/- 0.29 and 3.18 +/- 0.46, respectively). Increased vascularisation and oedema were observed in the retinal tissue of CG, while the retinal tissues of TPSWG and HG rats had a normal histopathological appearance. A carbohydrate-rich diet may lead to pathological changes in the retina even in nondiabetics, but this may be overcome by TPP administration

Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine in vitamin B12 deficient adolescents

Objective: Vitamin B12 deficiency induces hyper-hyperhomocysteinemia by inhibiting intracellular methionine re-methylation. Hyper-hyperhomocysteinemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and its level elevates in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine and arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in adolescents with vitamin B12 deficiency. Methods: A total of 88 adolescents with age ranging between 11 and 17 years of age were enrolled for this study. Among them, 50 patients had vitamin B12 deficiency 200 pg/ml. In all cases, the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine were measured with high performance liquid chromatography method. The carotid artery intima media thickness and left ventricular mass index were measured using echocardiography. All these measurements of the study groups were compared. Results: Both plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and carotid artery intima media thickness were significantly higher in the vitamin B12 deficiency group than in the control group. Correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation of vitamin B12 with homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and carotid artery intima media thickness (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that endothelial dysfunction starts in the early stage of adolescent vitamin B12 deficiency, and vitamin B12-deficient adolescents have increased circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine, showing that endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid artery intima media thickness be related to atherosclerosis

Effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on retinopathy induced by hyperglycemia in rats: A biochemical and pathological evaluation

Purpose: Information is lacking on the protective effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) against hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy in rats. This study investigated the biochemical and histopathological aspects of the effect of TPP on hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy induced by alloxan in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were separated into a diabetic TPP-administered group (DTPG), a diabetes control group (DCG) and a healthy group (HG). While the DTPG was given TPP, the DCG and HG were administered distilled water as a solvent at the same concentrations. This procedure was repeated daily for 3 months. At the end of this period, all of the rats were euthanized under thiopental sodium anesthesia, and biochemical and histopathological analyses of the ocular retinal tissues were performed. The results of the DTPG were compared with those of the DCG and HG. Results: TPP prevented hyperglycemia by increasing the amount of malondialdehyde and decreasing endogen antioxidants, including total glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. In addition, the amounts of the DNA oxidation product 8-hydroxyguanine were significantly lower in the retinas of the DTPG compared to the DCG. In the retinas of the DCG, there was a marked increase in vascular structures and congestion, in addition to edema. In contrast, little vascularization and edema were observed in the DTPG, and there was no congestion. The results suggest that TPP significantly reduced the degree of hyperglycemia-induced retinopathy. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that TPP may be useful for prophylaxis against diabetic retinopathy