Lifting accessible model structures

A Quillen model structure is presented by an interacting pair of weak factorization systems. We prove that in the world of locally presentable categories, any weak factorization system with accessible functorial factorizations can be lifted along either a left or a right adjoint. It follows that accessible model structures on locally presentable categories - ones admitting accessible functorial factorizations, a class that includes all combinatorial model structures but others besides - can be lifted along either a left or a right adjoint if and only if an essential "acyclicity" condition holds. A similar result was claimed in a paper of Hess-Kedziorek-Riehl-Shipley, but the proof given there was incorrect. In this note, we explain this error and give a correction, and also provide a new statement and a different proof of the theorem which is more tractable for homotopy-theoretic applications.Comment: This paper corrects an error in the proof of Corollary 3.3.4 of "A necessary and sufficient condition for induced model structures" arXiv:1509.0815

A phenomenology of marijuana use among graduate students

Guided by a hermeneutic-phenomenological methodology, this study focused on gaining an indepth understanding of the use of marijuana by graduate students, a population which does not fit the usual profile of marijuana users addressed in the field literature, by exploring the experience of being a graduate student who uses marijuana. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with seven marijuana users attending a graduate programme of study, with elaboration and clarification of their initial description of their respective experiences dialogically prompted by means of open-ended questions. Five interrelated themes emerged from the analysis of the transcribed interviews, with the central finding indicating that the experience of being a graduate student who uses marijuana involves a process of ongoing negotiation between, on the one hand, messages from society and academia, and, on the other, an inner sense of self and well-being

Pale Predators: Investigating Albinism in Food Foraging of the African Clawed Frog

Visual stimulus is one of the primary methods of prey recognition and capture in most vertebrate organisms, including anurans. The African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis, is particularly unique in that it can also orient itself to food using a lateral line system. How much of this visual acuity during prey capture is driven by the lateral line system is unknown. Additionally, X. laevis can produce albino morphs characterized by a lack of melanin, which may hinder the ability to locate food. This study compares the foraging efficacy between albino and wild type Xenopus laevis across changes in light exposure. We hypothesized that darkened condition and the presence of albinism in frogs leads to worse foraging in X. laevis. Live infrared cameras were used to monitor foraging behavior in both well-lit and dark environments. Timestamps of captured food were recorded and analyzed through a Paired T-Test and compared to ‘Light’ and ‘Night’ conditions. We fail to reject our hypothesis, suggesting the lateral line system does not play a large role in food capture. Two Independent T-Tests were conducted to compare how frogs with albinism hunt in contrast to normal frogs during ‘Light’ and ‘Night’ conditions. ‘Light’ and ‘Night’ exposures indicated no significant differences between the albino and normal frogs during hunting. We reject our hypothesis, suggesting that albinism does not lead to worse foraging behavior in frogs. Data from this study provides insight into the foraging behavior of Xenopus laevis and how the invasive frog might outcompete other frog species for food

NUCAFE: Innovative Training Videos

We designed a curriculum containing 45 training videos within five categories: agronomical practices, post-harvest handling, value addition, access to finance, and family business management and succession planning. User Note: Please click on the title of each category (i.e. Agronomical Practices , Post-Harvest Handling, etc.) to be directed to each YouTube Playlist containing the video titles listed

NUCAFE: Website Redesign Recommendations

NUCAFE’s new website will more effectively communicate its mission and depth of impact on farmers’ lives

Organizational Structure of NUCAFE

We developed a Human Resources guide that highlights the key positions and structure needed to replicate NUCAFE’s model, including both upper management positions of NUCAFE and the management structure of farmer groups

NUCAFE: Training Toolkit

This deliverable consists of a curriculum framework, video training guide, and two assessments, one baseline survey and one post survey. The new curriculum framework provides NUCAFE with a guide to participatory learning and problem-solving methods that NUCAFE can use to foster entrepreneurial leadership with local farmers and co-op leaders within its network. The assessment tools help NUCAFE determine the efficacy of its trainings. These tools can be used for conventional trainings as well as the newly-designed video and entrepreneurship curriculums

Effects of MVA85A vaccine on tuberculosis challenge in animals: systematic review

Background The existing Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination provides partial protection against tuberculosis (TB). The modified vaccinia ankara virus-expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A) aims to boost BCG immunity. We evaluated the animal evidence supporting the testing of MVA85A in humans. Methods Our protocol included in vivo preclinical studies of the MVA85A booster with BCG compared with BCG alone, followed by a TB challenge. We used standard methods for systematic review of animal studies, and summarized mortality, measures of pathology and lung bacterial load. The comprehensive literature search was to September 2014. Two independent investigators assessed eligibility and performed data extraction. We assessed study quality and pooled bacteria load using random effect meta-analysis. Findings We included eight studies in 192 animals. Three experiments were in mice, two in guinea pigs, two in macaques and one in calves. Overall, study quality was low with no randomization, baseline comparability not described and blinding not reported. For animal death (including euthanasia due to severe morbidity), studies were underpowered, and overall no benefit demonstrated. No difference was shown for lung pathology measured on an ordinal scale or bacterial load. The largest mortality trial carried out in macaques had more deaths in the MVA85A vaccine group, and was published after a trial in South Africa had started recruiting children. Conclusions This independent assessment of the animal data does not provide evidence to support efficacy of MVA85A as a BCG booster. More rigorous conduct and reporting of preclinical research are warranted, and we believe the results of studies should be publicly available before embarking on trials in humans, irrespective of the findings

Differential DNA accessibility to polymerase enables 30-minute phenotypic β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility testing of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

The rise in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections has created a global health emergency, underlining the critical need to develop faster diagnostics to treat swiftly and correctly. Although rapid pathogen-identification (ID) tests are being developed, gold-standard antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) remains unacceptably slow (1–2 d), and innovative approaches for rapid phenotypic ASTs for CREs are urgently needed. Motivated by this need, in this manuscript we tested the hypothesis that upon treatment with β-lactam antibiotics, susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates would become sufficiently permeabilized, making some of their DNA accessible to added polymerase and primers. Further, we hypothesized that this accessible DNA would be detectable directly by isothermal amplification methods that do not fully lyse bacterial cells. We build on these results to develop the polymerase-accessibility AST (pol-aAST), a new phenotypic approach for β-lactams, the major antibiotic class for gram-negative infections. We test isolates of the 3 causative pathogens of CRE infections using ceftriaxone (CRO), ertapenem (ETP), and meropenem (MEM) and demonstrate agreement with gold-standard AST. Importantly, pol-aAST correctly categorized resistant isolates that are undetectable by current genotypic methods (negative for β-lactamase genes or lacking predictive genotypes). We also test contrived and clinical urine samples. We show that the pol-aAST can be performed in 30 min sample-to-answer using contrived urine samples and has the potential to be performed directly on clinical urine specimens