Introgression reshapes recombination distribution in grapevine interspecific hybrids

In grapevine interspecific hybrids, meiotic recombination is suppressed in homeologous regions and enhanced in homologous regions of recombined chromosomes, whereas crossover rate remains unchanged when chromosome pairs are entirely homeologous

Essais d'induction et de caracterisation moleculaire de l'embryogenese somatique chez le tournesol (Helianthus annuus L.)

SIGLEINIST T 74394 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Characterisation of new symbiotic Medicago truncatula (Gaertn.) mutants, and phenotypic or genotypic complementary information on previously described mutants

International audienceFrom a pool of Medicago truncatula mutants—obtained by gamma-irradiation or ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis—impaired in symbiosis with the N-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, new mutants are described and genetically analysed, and for already reported mutants, complementary data are given on their phenotypic and genetic analysis. Phenotypic data relate to nodulation and mycorrhizal phenotypes. Among the five new mutants, three were classified as [Nod+ Fix– Myc+] and the mutations were ascribed to two loci, Mtsym20 (TRV43, TRV54) and Mtsym21 (TRV49). For the two other new mutants, one was classified as [Nod–/+ Myc+] with a mutation ascribed to gene Mtsym15 (TRV48), and the other as [Nod– Myc-/+] with a mutation ascribed to gene Mtsym16 (TRV58). Genetic analysis of three previously described mutants has shown that [Nod–/+ Myc+] TR74 mutant can be ascribed to gene Mtsym14, and that [Nod–/+ Myc–/+] TR89 and TRV9 mutants are ascribed to gene Mtsym2 (dmi2). Using a detailed analysis of mycorrhizal phenotype, we have observed a delayed typical arbuscular mycorrhizal formation on some mutants that present thick lens-shaped appressoria. This phenotype was called [Myc–/+] and mutants TR25, TR26, TR89, TRV9, P1 and Y6 were reclassified as [Myc–/+]. Mutant P1 was reclassified as [Nod–/+] because of a late nodulation observed on roots of this mutant

Emprendimiento, competitividad e innovación factores clave para impulsar el desarrollo de Cúcuta

For an entity to develop, it is essential that the triple helix to work collabo-ratively, so that entrepreneurship, competitiveness and innovation must be aim at the same objective. The analysis presented in this docu-ment reflects the current situation of the municipality of Cúcuta, where, through qualitative research and analysis of the indicators used by international organizations, various aspects are measured to determine the level of development of the entity. Of the many proposals, the one that comes on top is to expand its urbanization towards the towns of Aguaclara, Puerto Villamizar, San Pedro and Carmen de Tonchalá to help boost the economic development of Cúcuta.Para que una entidad pueda desarrollarse es fundamental que la triple hélice trabaje en colaboración, para que de esta manera se incentive el emprendimiento, la competitividad y la innovación enfocada hacia un mismo objetivo. El análisis que se presenta en este documento refleja la situación actual del municipio de Cúcuta, en donde, por medio de una investigación cualitativa y el análisis de los indicadores utilizados por organismos internacionales, se miden diversos puntos que ayudan a determinar el nivel de desarrollo de la entidad. De las diversas propuestas, la principal es que debe expandir su urbanización hacia los corregimientos de Aguaclara, Puerto Villamizar, San Pedro y Carmen de Tonchalá para ayudar al impulso del desarrollo económico de la entidad

Characterisation of transcript that are differentially expressed in leaves of downy mildew-resistant grapevine genotypes derived from muscadinia rotundifolia

International audienceResearch in our laboratory is devoted to the creation of grapevine varieties resistant to downy mildew by exploiting the resistance found in Muscadinia rotundifolia. In order to obtain a first view on early molecular processes underlying defence response, we tried to identify differences in the expression levels of genes constitutively expressed in grapevine leaves by comparing the transcriptional profiles of resistant and susceptible pools of non inoculated plants. Two different methods to isolate genes putatively involved in resistance or defence signalling to downy mildew have been chosen. First, a cDNA Subtractive library was constructed by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) and led us to amplify 119 clones. Through differential screening by macro-array hybridization, 64 clones were identified as resistance-specific. Second, a cDNA-AFLP analysis was performed and 122 differential bands between susceptible and resistant RNA pools were detected. Sequence analysis of the differential expressed fragments will be presented

Characterisation of transcripts that are differentially expressed in leaves of downy mildew-resistant grapevin genotypes derived from Muscadinia rotundifolia

International audienceResearch in our laboratory is devoted to the creation of grapevine varieties resistant to downy mildew by exploiting the resistance found in Muscadinia rotundifolia. In order to obtain a first view on early molecular processes underlying the resistant response, we tried to identify differences in the expression levels of genes constitutively expressed in grapevine leaves by comparing the transcriptional profiles of resistant and susceptible pools of non inoculated plants. Two different methods to isolate genes putatively involved in resistance or defence signalling to downy mildew have been chosen. First, a cDNA Subtractive library was constructed by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) and led us to amplify 119 clones. Through differential screening by macro-array hybridization, 64 clones were identified as resistance specific. Second, a cDNA-AFLP analysis was performed and 122 differential bands between susceptible and resistant RNA pools were detected. Sequence analysis of the differential expressed fragments will be presented

Apport de l’innovation variétale dans la réduction des intrants phytosanitaires au vignoble : exemple de la résistance au mildiou et à l’oïdium

National audienc

Apports de la sélection assistée par marqueurs dans la création de variétés de vigne à résistance plurigénique au mildiou et à l’oïdium

National audienc

Construction of a reference linkage map of Vitis amurensis and genetic mapping of Rpv8, a locus conferring resistance to grapevine downy mildew

International audienceDowny mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the major threats to grapevine. All traditional cultivars of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) are susceptible to downy mildew, the control of which requires regular application of fungicides. In contrast, many sources of resistance to P. viticola have been described in the Vitis wild species, among which is V. amurensis Rupr. (Vitaceae), a species originating from East Asia. A genetic linkage map of V. amurensis, based on 122 simple sequence repeat and 6 resistance gene analogue markers, was established using S1 progeny. This map covers 975 cM on 19 linkage groups, which represent 82% of the physical coverage of the V. vinifera reference genetic map. To measure the general level of resistance, the sporulation of P. viticola and the necrosis produced in response to infection, five quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters were scored 6 days post-inoculation on the S1 progeny. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis allowed us to identify on linkage group 14 a major QTL controlling the resistance to downy mildew found in V. amurensis, which explained up to 86.3% of the total phenotypic variance. This QTL was named ‘Resistance to Plasmopara viticola 8’ (Rpv8)

Exploitation des résistances naturelles aux maladies cryptogamiques pour une viticulture à faibles intrants phytosanitaires - Perspectives pour les vignobles septentrionaux

National audienc