5,895 research outputs found
Measurement of the Hyperfine Structure and Isotope Shifts of the 3s23p2 3P2 to 3s3p3 3Do3 Transition in Silicon
The hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of the 3s23p2 3P2 to 3s3p3 3Do3
transition in silicon have been measured. The transition at 221.7 nm was
studied by laser induced fluorescence in an atomic Si beam. For 29Si, the
hyperfine A constant for the 3s23p2 3P2 level was determined to be -160.1+-1.3
MHz (1 sigma error), and the A constant for the 3s3p3 3Do3 level is -532.9+-0.6
MHz. This is the first time that these constants were measured. The isotope
shifts (relative to the abundant isotope 28Si) of the transition were
determined to be 1753.3+-1.1 MHz for 29Si and 3359.9+-0.6 MHz for 30Si. This is
an improvement by about two orders of magnitude over a previous measurement.
From these results we are able to predict the hyperfine structure and isotope
shift of the radioactive 31Si atom, which is of interest in building a scalable
quantum computer
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on the novel superconductor CaC6
We present scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of the newly
discovered superconductor CaC. The tunneling conductance spectra, measured
between 3 K and 15 K, show a clear superconducting gap in the quasiparticle
density of states. The gap function extracted from the spectra is in good
agreement with the conventional BCS theory with = 1.6 0.2
meV. The possibility of gap anisotropy and two-gap superconductivity is also
discussed. In a magnetic field, direct imaging of the vortices allows to deduce
a coherence length in the ab plane 33 nm
Anisotropy in the helicity modulus of a 3D XY-model: application to YBCO
We present a Monte Carlo study of the helicity moduli of an anisotropic
classical three-dimensional (3D) XY-model of YBCO in superconducting state. It
is found that both the ab-plane and the c-axis helicity moduli, which are
proportional to the inverse square of the corresponding magnetic field
penetration depth, vary linearly with temperature at low temperatures. The
result for the c-axis helicity modulus is in disagreement with the experiments
on high quality samples of YBCO. Thus we conclude that purely classical phase
fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter cannot account for the
observed c-axis electrodynamics of YBCO.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
The Spectrum of Pluto, 0.40 - 0.93 m I. Secular and longitudinal distribution of ices and complex organics
Context. During the last 30 years the surface of Pluto has been
characterized, and its variability has been monitored, through continuous
near-infrared spectroscopic observations. But in the visible range only few
data are available. Aims. The aim of this work is to define the Pluto's
relative reflectance in the visible range to characterize the different
components of its surface, and to provide ground based observations in support
of the New Horizons mission. Methods. We observed Pluto on six nights between
May and July 2014, with the imager/spectrograph ACAM at the William Herschel
Telescope (La Palma, Spain). The six spectra obtained cover a whole rotation of
Pluto (Prot = 6.4 days). For all the spectra we computed the spectral slope and
the depth of the absorption bands of methane ice between 0.62 and 0.90 m.
To search for shifts of the center of the methane bands, associated with
dilution of CH4 in N2, we compared the bands with reflectances of pure methane
ice. Results. All the new spectra show the methane ice absorption bands between
0.62 and 0.90 m. The computation of the depth of the band at 0.62 m
in the new spectra of Pluto, and in the spectra of Makemake and Eris from the
literature, allowed us to estimate the Lambert coefficient at this wavelength,
at a temperature of 30 K and 40 K, never measured before. All the detected
bands are blue shifted, with minimum shifts in correspondence with the regions
where the abundance of methane is higher. This could be indicative of a
dilution of CH4:N2 more saturated in CH4. The longitudinal and secular
variations of the parameters measured in the spectra are in accordance with
results previously reported in the literature and with the distribution of the
dark and bright material that show the Pluto's albedo maps from New Horizons.Comment: This manuscript may change and improve during the reviewing process.
The data reduction and calibration is reliable and has been checked
independently using different reduction approaches. The data will be made
publicily available when the paper is accepted. If you need them before,
please, contact the autho
Static versus dynamic fluctuations in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model
The extended Hubbard Hamiltonian is a widely accepted model for uncovering
the effects of strong correlations on the phase diagram of low-dimensional
systems, and a variety of theoretical techniques have been applied to it. In
this paper the world-line quantum Monte Carlo method is used to study spin,
charge, and bond order correlations of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard
model in the presence of coupling to the lattice. A static alternating lattice
distortion (the ionic Hubbard model) leads to enhanced charge density wave
correlations at the expense of antiferromagnetic order. When the lattice
degrees of freedom are dynamic (the Hubbard-Holstein model), we show that a
similar effect occurs even though the charge asymmetry must arise
spontaneously. Although the evolution of the total energy with lattice coupling
is smooth, the individual components exhibit sharp crossovers at the phase
boundaries. Finally, we observe a tendency for bond order in the region between
the charge and spin density wave phases.Comment: Corrected typos. (10 pages, 9 figures
The effect of alongcoast advection on pacific northwest shelf and slope water properties in relation to upwelling variability
The Northern California Current System experiences highly variable seasonal upwelling in addition to larger basin-scale variability, both of which can significantly affect its water chemistry. Salinity and temperature fields from a 7 year ROMS hindcast model of this region (43°N-50°N), along with extensive particle tracking, were used to study interannual variability in water properties over both the upper slope and the midshelf bottom. Variation in slope water properties was an order of magnitude smaller than on the shelf. Furthermore, the primary relationship between temperature and salinity anomalies in midshelf bottom water consisted of variation in density (cold/salty versus warm/fresh), nearly orthogonal to the anomalies along density levels (cold/fresh versus warm/salty) observed on the upper slope. These midshelf anomalies were well-explained (R2=0.6) by the combination of interannual variability in local and remote alongshore wind stress, and depth of the California Undercurrent (CUC) core. Lagrangian analysis of upper slope and midshelf bottom water shows that both are affected simultaneously by large-scale alongcoast advection of water through the northern and southern boundaries. The amplitude of anomalies in bottom oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on the shelf associated with upwelling variability are larger than those associated with typical variation in alongcoast advection, and are comparable to observed anomalies in this region. However, a large northern intrusion event in 2004 illustrates that particular, large-scale alongcoast advection anomalies can be just as effective as upwelling variability in changing shelf water properties on the interannual scale
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Sexual Coercion by Male Chimpanzees Shows That Female Choice May Be More Apparent than Real
The extent to which active female mating preferences influence male reproductive success in mammals is unclear, particularly for promiscuously breeding species like chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Previous studies from multiple long-term study sites have shown that female chimpanzees mate more restrictively around ovulation, and this has been taken as evidence for female choice. However, none of these studies rigorously evaluated the alternative hypothesis that restrictive mating results not from unconstrained choice, but in response to coercive mate guarding, in which males use punishment and intimidation to reduce female promiscuity and promote their own mating interests. Nor did they consider evidence for the potential genetic or phenotypic benefits that females might be choosing. Using 11 years of data from the Kanyawara community in Kibale National Park, Uganda, we previously demonstrated that males achieve elevated mating success with those females toward whom they direct high levels of aggression. Here we extend those findings to show that even female copulatory approaches, which have previously been attributed to female choice, are correlated with male aggression. Specifically, individual females at our site initiated periovulatory copulations most frequently with the males who were most aggressive toward them throughout their cycles. Those males showed high rates of aggression toward females throughout estrus, despite achieving high copulation rates, demonstrating a continuing conflict of interest over the exclusivity of mating access. Because sexual coercion is potentially widespread in primates and other mammals, our results stress the importance of considering the influence of male aggression in studies of female choice.Human Evolutionary Biolog
A Magnetic Transition Probed by the Ce Ion in Square-Lattice Antiferromagnet CeMnAsO
We examined the magnetic properties of the square-lattice antiferromagnets
CeMnAsO and LaMnAsO and their solid solutions La1-xCexMnAsO by resistivity,
magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements below room temperature.
A first-order phase transition is observed at 34.1 K, below which the
ground-state doublet of the Ce ion splits by 3.53 meV. It is likely that Mn
moments already ordered above room temperature are reoriented at the
transition, as reported for related compounds, such as NdMnAsO and PrMnSbO.
This transition generates a large internal magnetic field at the Ce site in
spite of the fact that simple Heisenberg interactions should be cancelled out
at the Ce site owing to geometrical frustration. The transition takes place at
nearly the same temperature with the substitution of La for Ce up to 90%. The
Ce moment does not undergo long-range order by itself, but is parasitically
induced at the transition, serving as a good probe for detecting the magnetism
of Mn spins in a square lattice.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
The gas of elastic quantum strings in 2+1 dimensions: finite temperatures
The finite temperature physics of the gas of elastic quantum strings as
introduced in J. Zaanen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 753 is investigated. This model
is inspired on the stripes in the high Tc superconductors. We analyze in detail
how the kinetic interactions of the zero temperature quantum problem crossover
into the entropic interactions of the high temperature limit.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure
The Near-Earth Encounter of Asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55): Thermal IR Observations
The near-Earth approach (0.00217 AU, or 0.845 lunar distances) of the C-type asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55) in November 2011 presented a rare opportunity for detailed observations of a low-albedo NEA in this size range. As part of a multi-telescope campaign to measure visible and infrared spectra and photometry, we obtained mid-infrared (approx. 8 to 22 micron) photometry and spectroscopy of 2005 YU55 using Michelle on the Gemini North telescope on UT November 9 and 10,2011. An extensive radar campaign together with optical light-curves established the rotation state of YU55. In addition, the radar imaging resulted in a shape model for the asteroid, detection of numerous boulders on its surface, and a preliminary estimate of its equatorial diameter at 380 +/- 20 m. In a preliminary analysis, applying the radar and lightcurve-derived parameters to a rough-surface thermophysical model fit to the Gemini/Michelle thermal emission photometry results in a thermal inertia range of approximately 500 to 1500 J/sq m/0.5s/K, with the low-thermal-inertia solution corresponding to the small end of the radar size range and vice versa. Updates to these results will be presented and modeling of the thermal contribution to the measured near-infrared spectra from Palomar/Triplespec and IRTF/SpeX will also be discussed
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