Vela X at 31 GHz

We present observations of the Vela X region at 31 GHz using the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI). We find a strong compact radio source (5.9'x4.1', FWHM) about the Vela pulsar, which we associate with the Vela pulsar wind nebula (PWN) recently discovered at lower radio-frequencies. The CBI's 4' resolution for a 45' field of view allows the PWN to be studied in the large-scale context of Vela X. Filamentary structure in Vela X, which stands out in lower frequency maps, is very low-level at 31 GHz. By combining the 10 CBI channels, which cover 26-36 GHz, and 8.4 GHz archive data, we study the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the PWN and the brightest filaments. Our results show that the spectral index alpha (F_{nu} propto nu^alpha) of the PWN is flat, or even marginally positive, with a value of alpha_{8.4}^{31}=0.10+-0.06, while the Vela X filamentary structure has a negative spectral index of alpha_{8.4}^{31}=-0.28+-0.09. The SED inhomogeneity observed in Vela X suggests different excitation processes between the PWN and the filaments. We investigate whether the PWN's flat spectrum is a consequence of variability or truly reflects the SED of the object. The peak of the PWN at 31 GHz is 80''+-20'' south-west of the peak at 8.4 GHz. This shift is confirmed by comparing the 31 GHz CBI image with higher resolution 5 GHz Australia Telescope Compact Array observations, and is likely to be due to SED variations within the PWN. We also investigate the nature of the Vela X filamentary structure.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 25 pages, 9 figure

Defining the industrial and engineering management professional profile: a longitudinal study based on job advertisements

The engineering professional profiles have been discussed by several branches of the engineering field. On the one hand, this discussion helps to understand the professional practice and contributes to the specification of the competences that are suitable for each function and company culture. On the other hand, it is an essential starting point for the definition of curricula in engineering schools. Thus, this study aims to characterize, in an innovative way based on job advertisements, the demand for competences and areas of practice for Industrial Engineering and Management contributing for the definition of a professional profile. This characterization is based on the analysis of 1391 job advertisements, collected during seven years from a Portuguese newspaper. The data analysis takes into account the job description in which two categories were considered: areas of professional practice (e.g. project management) and transversal competences (e.g. teamwork). Considering the total number of job advertisements, it was possible to identify 1,962 cumulative references for 11 professional practice areas and 5,261 cumulative references for transversal competences. The contribution of this study lies on the identification of the main areas of practice and the main transversal competences demanded by employers.This work was partially funded by COMPETE-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT-UID-CEC-00319-2013

Evaluating species origins within tropical sky‐islands arthropod communities

Aim: To (a) evaluate if colonization of newly emerged high-elevation habitats occurred from neighbouring highlands (allopatric divergence and niche conservatism) or from within the same mountain (peripatric or parapatric divergence and niche shift), and (b) test for the effect of past landscape configurations in geographically structuring biodiversity (a West-East structure spanning the central part of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt).Location: Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Taxa: Coleoptera and Araneae. Methods: Coleoptera and Araneae communities were collected in a comparative sampling framework. Seven sky-islands were sampled within two high-elevation habitats separated by altitude. Samples were individually sequenced for a region of the mtDNA COI gene to delimit Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and haplotypes within them. Richness was estimated at the community level, as well as genetic diversity within and among mountains and habitats. The West East structure was tested with a null model and an analysis of variance with permutations. Results: Few OTUs were shared between the Abies forests and alpine grasslands. High beta diversity was found across mountains. Beta diversity between the West – East grouping is higher than expected by chance. Main conclusions: Our results indicate that colonization from other mountains followed by allopatric divergence dominates as a source of OTU formation, and that despite some probable connectivity during glacial periods existed, ancient communities and genetic structures persist.We would like to thank CONACyT for the financial support granted through a master’s scholarship to AU and for the project Ciencia Básica (178245) granted to DP. BCE is supported by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (CGL2017-85718-P), co-financed by FEDER.Peer reviewe