Serological study of vaccinia virus reservoirs in areas with and without official reports of outbreaks in cattle and humans in São Paulo, Brazil

Vaccinia virus (VACV), the etiological agent of an exanthematic disease, has been associated with several bovine outbreaks in Brazil since the end of the global vaccination campaign against smallpox. It was previously believed that the vaccine virus used for the WHO global campaign had adapted to an unknown wild reservoir and was sporadically re-emerging in outbreaks in cattle and milkers. At present, it is known that Brazilian VACV is phylogenetically different from the vaccinia virus vaccinal strain, but its origin remains unknown. This study assessed the seroprevalence of orthopoxviruses in domestic and wild animals and farmers from 47 farms in three cities in the southwest region of the state of São Paulo with or without official reports of outbreaks in cattle or humans. Our data indicate a low seroprevalence of antibodies in wild animals and raise interesting questions about the real potential of wild rodents and marsupials as VACV reservoirs, suggesting other routes through which VACV can be spread

Endoscopia do trato gastrointestinal de cães e gatos

Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract is a specialized minimally invasive diagnostic method and with both diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. It is divided into two major groups, the rigid and flexible endoscopy. The first most widely used for visualization of body cavities that do not have a light, like the chest, for example, and the second for those with light as the gastrointestinal tract. In Brazil there are few professionals, veterinary hospitals or clinics that offer this type of service. Thus, endoscopy is an area of expertise of the veterinarian who is in huge expansion and has shown great applicability with excellent results in both clinical medicine and surgical small animalsA endoscopia do trato gastrointestinal é um método diagnóstico especializado minimamente invasivo e com possibilidades tanto diagnósticas quanto terapêuticas. É dividida em dois grandes grupos, a endoscopia rígida e a flexível. A primeira mais utilizada para visibilização de cavidades corpóreas que não possuem uma luz, como o tórax por exemplo, e a segunda para as que possuem luz, como o trato gastrointestinal. No Brasil ainda são poucos os profissionais, clínicas ou hospitais veterinários que oferecem este tipo de serviço. Sendo assim, a endoscopia é uma área de atuação do médico veterinário que se encontra em ampla expansão e vem demonstrando grande aplicabilidade com ótimos resultados na clínica médica e cirúrgica de pequenos animai

Aplicação e contribuição da cromoendoscopia no trato digestório superior de cães, uilizando Lugol, Índigo Carmim e Azul de Metileno

A Cromoendoscopia é definida como a aplicação tópica de corantes aquosos na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal. Estes corantes evidenciam alterações precoces ou discretas que passariam despercebidas ao exame convencional, permitindo assim a coleta de tecido alterado ou o acompanhamento de doenças pré existentes. Na Medicina Veterinária, não foram encontrados trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta técnica, mas há muitas situações em que ela pode ser empregada como a pesquisa ou o acompanhamento de: esofagites (como esôfago de Barrett em humanos), lesões gástricas erosivas ou polipóides e lesões duodenais. Utilizando os corantes escolhidos, este trabalho teve como objetivos: demonstrar a aplicação da cromoendoscopia em cães e confirmar sua eficácia quanto à identificação e delimitação de lesões no trato digestório superior destes animais; descrever vantagens e desvantagens da cromoendoscopia no direcionamento e aquisição de amostras de biópsia do trato digestório superior de cães; e correlacionar os achados endoscópicos pré e pós aplicação da técnica com os resultados histopatológicos. O estudo utilizou 10 cães adultos provenientes do Canil Municipal de Botucatu, do Canil da UNESP FMVZ Botucatu e da rotina do Hospital Veterinário da UNESP FMVZ Botucatu. Todos os animais realizaram endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) seguida de Cromoendoscopia (CRE) e coleta de biópsia da mucosa esofágica, gástrica e duodenal, quando acessível. As biópsias foram enviadas para exame histopatológico e identificação de presença ou ausência de lesão no material coletado. Os resultados demonstraram concordância importante na cromoendoscopia (CRE) de esôfago com acurácia de 83,33%. Concordância moderada na endoscopia convencional (E.C.) de esôfago e na CRE de fundo, corpo e antro piloro com acurácia de...Chromoendoscopy is defined as the topical application of aqueous dye mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. These dyes show early changes or mild they go unnoticed to the conventional examination, allowing the collection of tissue changes or monitoring pre-existing diseases. In Veterinary Medicine, there were no studies that have used this technique , but there are many situations in which it can be employed as research or monitoring esophagitis (such as humans Barrett's esophagus), erosive or polypoid gastric lesions and duodenal injuries . Using the colors chosen, this work was objectives: to demonstrate the technique of chromoendoscopy in dogs and evaluate its effectiveness as the identification and delineation of chronic or early lesions, often unapparent, in the upper digestive tract these animals; describe advantages and disadvantages of chromoendoscopy in targeting and acquisition of biopsy specimens of the upper digestive tract of dogs, and correlate the endoscopic findings before and after technique application with the histopathologic results. The study used 10 adult dogs from the Botucatu Municipal Kennel, UNESP kennel FMVZ Botucatu and routine FMVZ Veterinary Hospital of UNESP Botucatu. Every animals performed upper endoscopy (EGD) followed by Chromoendoscopy (CRE) and collecting biopsy of the esophageal mucosa, gastric and duodenal when available. Biopsies were sent for examination and identification of pathological presence or absence of lesions in the material collected. The results showed chromoendoscopy (CRE) important concordance of the esophagus with an accuracy of 83.33%. Moderate concordance in conventional endoscopy (CE) of the esophagus and CRE fundus, body and pyloric antrum with an accuracy of 83.33%, 70%, 70% e 70% respectively. Reasonable concordance in CRE... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Comparison of the plotted proportional meta-analysis, according to etiology in both cats and dogs, regardless treatment, for overall mortality.

<p>Effect differences were seen due to the non-overlap of the 95% confidence intervals showing a higher rates of mortality in the AKI due to non-infectious (cats and dogs; and only dogs) compared with AKI due to infectious (cats and dogs; and only dogs), as their CIs did not overlap. However, there was no statistically significance difference between rates of mortality by etiology in only cats, as their CIs overlapped.</p

Acute kidney injury in cats and dogs: A proportional meta-analysis of case series studies

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Risk of mortality in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cats and dogs remains unclear.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>To evaluate the incidence of mortality in cats and dogs with AKI based on etiology (i.e. infectious versus non-infectious; receiving dialysis versus conservative treatment).</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and LILACS were searched up to July 2016. Articles were deemed eligible if they were case series studies evaluating the incidence of all-cause mortality in cats and dogs with AKI, regardless of etiology or the nature of treatment.</p><p>Results</p><p>Eighteen case series involving 1,201animalsproved eligible. The pooled proportions for overall mortality were: cats53.1% [95% CI 0.475, 0.586; I² = 11,9%, p = 0.3352]; dogs 45.0% [95% CI 0.33, 0.58; I² = 91.5%, P < 0.0001]. A non-significant increase in overall mortality risk was found among dialysed animals relative to those managed with conservative treatment, independent of animal type and the etiology of their AKI. The pooled proportions for overall mortality according to etiology, regardless of treatment type, were: AKI due infectious etiology for cats and dogs, 19.2% [95% CI 0.134, 0.258; I² = 37.7%, P = 0.0982]; AKI due non-infectious etiology for cats and dogs, 59.9% [95% CI 0.532, 0.663; I² = 51.0%, P = 0.0211].</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our findings suggest higher rates of overall mortality in cats and dogs with AKI due to non-infectious etiologies relative to infectious etiologies, and showed non-significant differences in terms of higher rates associated with dialysis compared to conservative management. Further investigations regarding optimal time to initiate dialysis and the development of clinical models to prognosticate the course of disease and guide optimal treatment initiation for less severe cases of AKI in cats and dogs is warranted.</p></div

Study characteristics related to population, intervention or comparator groups, etiology of AKI, and eligibility criteria.

<p>Study characteristics related to population, intervention or comparator groups, etiology of AKI, and eligibility criteria.</p

Characteristics of small animals: Comparison among different AKI treatment and etiology.

<p>Characteristics of small animals: Comparison among different AKI treatment and etiology.</p