Le craving et les remissions naturelles de la consommation de cannabis

TOULOUSE2-BUC Mirail (315552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Online poker tilt scale (OPTS) : creation and validation of a tilt assessment in a French population

International audienceTilt in poker implies a deviation from an individual's usual playing style, at a strategic, emotional and behavioural level. It is a specific characteristic of poker, which can affect all kinds of players with varying degrees of frequency. In addition, tilt could be a transitional form of pathological gambling behaviour and a gateway to addiction. The main objective of this research is therefore the design and validation of a measuring scale for tilt episode frequency in an online poker gamblers' group. Twenty-one items based on the literature and interviews with 10 poker players were created. An online self-administered questionnaire was completed by 263 poker players to validate this scale. The mean age of the sample was 26.7 (SD = 4.45). The Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) consists of 17 items and is the first validated tool for measuring the frequency of tilt episodes associated with online poker. It is composed of two factors: `emotional and behavioural tilt' and `cognitive tilt'. Tilt seems to be an essential part of understanding online poker behaviour. This tool will enable researchers studying online poker addiction to perform research on the mechanisms and processes that lead to tilt and its consequences

Étude des qualités psychométriques de la version française de l’Online Cognition Scale

International audienceBackground and objectivesInternet is an essential tool for millions of people around the world, including in France where more than fifty million people use the Internet. Considering the increase of Internet use and the related consequences, many authors agree that excessive or improper use of this tool may lead to Internet addiction, a disorder which has been receiving increasing attention. Multiple theoretical frameworks have been used to define and evaluate this phenomenon, in particular substance dependence and pathological gambling. We chose to examine the Online Cognition Scale (OCS) which is a self-report questionnaire assessing Internet addiction based on a cognitive and behavioral model, with a multi- dimensional structure including four dimensions: diminished impulse control, loneliness/depression, social comfort, and distraction. While the psychometric properties of the OCS have been explored using English, Croatian, Turkish and Chinese versions, to date, the properties of the French version have yet to be examined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the French version of the OCS in a student population.Materials and methodsA sample of 146 French university students aged between 18 and 38 years old (M = 20.96 ; SD = 2.65) completed the French versions of the OCS as well as another scale which measures problematic Internet use, and one which evaluates depressive symptoms. Participants completed the survey twice within an interval of 3 weeks.ResultsConfirmatory factorial analyses revealed that the 4-factor solution did not demonstrate satisfactory fit, however, the 5-factor model was found to better fit the data. Our results revealed that the scale scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency and a satisfying inter-item correlation (α = 0.89 and 0,92, MIC = 0.24 and 0.32). The OCS was significantly correlated with the problematic Internet use at both time points (r = .73 and r = .74, P < .01), with time spent online (r = .34 and r = .45, P < .01) and with depressive symptoms (r = .31 and r = .28, P < .01).DiscussionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the French version of the OCS in a sample of university students, assessing reliability and validity. Factors analysis revealed that a 5-factor solution including 27 items may be the most appropriate. Overall the scale revealed good psychometric properties. The internal consistency of the scale was consistent with previous validating results, which reported Cronbach's alpha ranged between .91 and .94. While the inter item correlations were satisfying, they were lower those previously found. The test-retest reliability of the OCS was good and satisfactory for all the factors, except for the Preoccupation and Withdrawal which revealed low values. These results are also lower than those found in other studies. A significant relationship was found between OCS scores and levels of depression as well as time spent online.ConclusionThe French version of the OCS has satisfying psychometric properties and appears to be a useful multidimensional tool for the evaluation of Internet addiction.ObjectifL’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les propriétés psychométriques de la version française d’un questionnaire mesurant l’addiction à Internet, l’Online Cognition Scale, chez des étudiants français.MéthodeUn échantillon de 146 étudiants âgés de 18 et 38 ans (M = 20,96 ; DS = 2,65) a complété à deux reprises, à trois semaines d’intervalle, l’Online Cognition Scale, ainsi qu’une autre échelle mesurant l’addiction à Internet, et une échelle évaluant les symptômes dépressifs.RésultatsUne analyse factorielle de l’Online Cognition Scale a montré qu’une solution à cinq facteurs apparaissait comme plus appropriée que la solution factorielle originelle. Nos résultats mettent en avant une très bonne consistance interne de l’échelle ainsi qu’une corrélation inter-items satisfaisante (α = 0,89 et 0,92 ; MIC = 0,24 et 0,32). Les validités concordante, convergente et de construit étaient satisfaisantes.DiscussionLa version française de l’Online Cognition Scale présente de bonnes propriétés psychométriques et apparaît comme un outil multidimensionnel adapté à l’évaluation d’une utilisation problématique d’Internet

Ability to discriminate online poker tilt episodes : a new way to prevent excessive gambling ?

International audienceTilt is a very common term in online poker players' vocabulary, it describes a state where the player is no longer able to make rational decisions because they are overwhelmed by strong emotions. This study aims to explore the relation existing between the frequency of Tilt episodes, the player's perception of these episodes and excessive gambling in online poker. The sample is composed of 291 adult French-speaking online poker players. All participants completed an online self-assessment questionnaire. The results of the classification analysis showed that the sample could be divided into three groups. The first group, named ``players in control'' included low excessive gambling tendencies with low perceived and measured Tilt frequencies. The two other groups showed high measured tilt levels, with perceived tilt levels that were different from the measured levels. Furthermore, these two groups present a moderate usage risk of developing an excessive gambling tendency in a money-based game of chance. These results show the existence of a relation between the player's capacity to perceive tilt and the online poker player's behavior

Étude des qualités psychométriques de la version française de l’Online Cognition Scale

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Validation of the French Version of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ) Generates a Two-Factor Model

International audienceBackground: Craving is a major issue in drug addiction, and a target for drug treatment. The Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (MCQ-SF) is a useful tool for assessing cannabis craving in clinical and research settings. Objective: To validate the French version of the MCQ-SF (FMCQ-SF). Methods: Young adult cannabis users not seeking treatment (n = 679) completed the FMCQ-SF and questionnaires assessing their frequency of cannabis use and craving, cannabis use disorder criteria, and alcohol use. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the four-factor FMCQ-SF model did not fit the data well. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-factor solution (“pleasure”, characterized by planning and expectation of positive effects, and “release of tension”, characterized by relief from anxiety, nervousness, or tension) with good psychometric properties. This two-factor model showed good internal and convergent validity and correlated with cannabis abuse and dependence and with frequency of cannabis use and craving. Conclusion: Validation of the FMCQ-SF generated a two-factor model, different from the four-factor solution generated in English language studies. Considering that craving plays an important role in withdrawal and relapse, this questionnaire should be useful for French-language addiction professionals

Buying-Shopping Disorder among Women: The Role of Vulnerability to Marketing, Buying Motives, Impulsivity, and Self-Esteem.

International audienceIntroduction: The influence of marketing on addictive behaviours has been studied among tobacco and alcohol users. Although the fashion industry is highly influenced by marketing, research has poorly studied vulnerability to fashion marketing as a factor related to buying-shopping disorder (BSD) while considering psychological characteristics (buying motives, impulsivity, and self-esteem).Objective: The objective of the present work is to investigate the relationship between vulnerability to marketing and BSD.Methods: Women (n = 242) were exclusively recruited through social networking. They completed an online survey exploring the severity of BSD using the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) and the psychological factors associated with BSD (impulsivity, self-esteem, and buying motives) and an experimental task designed to investigate the intention to purchase in several situations, where marketing modalities such as price, brand, and packaging fluctuate.Results: Among the 242 participants in the study, 34 were identified as compulsive buyers (14%). Income level was considered, and compulsive buyers displayed a higher level of vulnerability to marketing, except for the packaging modality. High levels of positive urgency, lack of premeditation, and coping motivation were found to be significant predictors of the CBS score, but vulnerability to marketing was not.Discussion and conclusions: Compulsive buyers seem to be more sensitive to marketing strategies, although vulnerability to marketing was not identified as a predictor of the severity of BSD. Given the enormous literature on the role of marketing in other addictive behaviours, further studies are needed to better understand the role of marketing in BSD to develop appropriate public health policies

Exploratory study of the psychopathological profiles of adolescent cannabis users

International audienceAlthough adolescent cannabis users have been reported not to be a homogeneous group, they are few typological studies and only one based on psychopathological variables. A better knowledge of the typology of cannabis users might contribute to the identification of specific needs concerning prevention or treatment. Among 199 adolescents using cannabis at least monthly during the last six month, cluster analysis yielded three clusters based on depressive symptoms, social anxiety, borderline personality traits, and psychopathic traits (impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits). The largest cluster, called ‘ordinary’ was well below the mean on all measures. Another cluster, labeled ‘borderline’ was distinguished by high levels of borderline traits, depressed mood, and social anxiety. The smallest cluster, called ‘impulsive’ was well above the mean in impulsivity and callous traits but low on all other measures. Frequency of cannabis use was higher in the borderline and impulsive clusters than in the ordinary cluster. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the contributions of psychopathological variables to cannabis use varied across clusters

Endometriosis diagnosis buffers reciprocal effects of emotional distress on pain experience

International audienceOBJECTIVES: Emotional profile is involved in the experience of chronic pain related to endometriosis. Following the Örebro Model of Behavioral Emotion Regulation of Pain, the aim of this study was to understand the processes involved in the psychological adaptation to pain experienced during menstruations in women either diagnosed or not diagnosed with endometriosis. METHODS: The study was conducted on a sample of 545 women, either diagnosed with endometriosis or not, during their menstruations. Functional repercussions and intensity of pain, catastrophic thinking, difficulties in emotional regulation and emotional distress were assessed through an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out. RESULTS: Women diagnosed with endometriosis experience more suffering than women who have not had such a diagnosis. The model we adapted from Örebro’s model fits the data well. A differential effect is observed regarding the retroactive effect of depression on pain. Although emotional distress increases functional repercussions among women both with and without the diagnosis, growing pain intensity only occurs among those without. CONCLUSIONS: A woman presenting pain during menstruation faces emotional regulation issues that make her more vulnerable to the development of emotional distress. Pain impacts emotional distress, but emotional distress does not impact pain among women for whom the origin of the pain was known (i.e., a diagnosis of endometriosis). Having a diagnosis allows women to externalize the origin of their pain, attributing it to the disease and not to their psychological state