Anadolu’daki Tıbbın Doğuşu, Dünyadaki İlk Tıp Okulu Olarak: Gevher Nesibe Tıp Medresesi ve Darüşşifası

Since the existence of humanity, various treatment methods have been sought to fight with diseases. The people who lived in the ancient time tried to cure themselves by observing the diseases and herbal ways. For centuries, the healing of plants has been replaced by prayer and magic to the gods, and as a result, medical science has been carried out by the clergy for many years. All the civilizations who lived have determined their own method of treatment. Anatolian lands had the priority on pioneering on modern civilization. Undoubtedly, one of the most important branches that science pioneered is medicine. The history of medicine in Anatolia can be categorized as Mesopotamia and Egypt, Hittite, Chinese, Indian, Greek Civilizations, Roman Empire and Turkish-Islamic Civilizations. According to the religious belief in Mesopotamia, the diseases were caused by demons, evil spirits and the like. The priests were also involved in the healing of the diseases. The priests believed that prayer was the most important cure for disease treatment, and they approached the patients in this direction

ANADOLU’DAKİ TIBBIN DOĞUŞU, DÜNYADAKİ İLK TIP OKULU OLARAK GEVHER NESİBE TIP MEDRESESİ VE DARÜŞŞİFASI

Since the existence of humanity, various treatment methods have been sought to fight with diseases. The people who lived in the ancient time tried to cure themselves by observing the diseases and herbal ways. For centuries, the healing of plants has been replaced by prayer and magic to the gods, and as a result, medical science has been carried out by the clergy for many years. All the civilizations who lived have determined their own method of treatment. Anatolian lands had the priority on pioneering on modern civilization. Undoubtedly, one of the most important branches that science pioneered is medicine. The history of medicine in Anatolia can be categorized as Mesopotamia and Egypt, Hittite, Chinese, Indian, Greek Civilizations, Roman Empire and Turkish-Islamic Civilizations. According to the religious belief in Mesopotamia, the diseases were caused by demons, evil spirits and the like. The priests were also involved in the healing of the diseases. The priests believed that prayer was the most important cure for disease treatment, and they approached the patients in this direction

Comparing expression levels of PERIOD genes PER1, PER2 and PER3 in chronic insomnia patients and medical staff working in the night shift

Aim: This study was done to determine the changes in expression levels of PERIOD family genes in chronic insomnia patients and night shift healthcare staff with irregular sleep hours

Investigation of cytochrome p450 CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 gene expressions and polymorphisms in alcohol with-drawal

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the changes in expression levels of CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 genes in patients treated for alcohol dependence and a control group. The frequency of selected polymorphisms of these genes that might be a risk factor for alcohol-dependence and may affect the treatment success is also investigated. Method: Blood samples were collected in the beginning and at end of treatment from inpatients taking alcohol dependence treatment and from the control group. DNA and RNA isolation were performed. Gene expression was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RFLP technique was used for polymorphism studies. Results: No significant difference in the expression levels of studied genes in the patients before and after the treatment and between the control group was detected. However, a significant difference between the CYP1A2*F allele frequency in control and patient groups was observed. For CYP2D6*4 polymorphism, heterozygous genotypes have been detected in both patients and controls, whereas no CYP2D6*4/*4 was detected in either groups, indicating expression of a functional mRNA without reducing enzyme activity. No significant difference was found between the patient and control groups in the CYP2E1 c1/c2 polymorphism. CYP3A4*V polymorphism was not detected in either groups. Discussion: No difference in expression levels of studied genes in patients before and after treatment and in the control group was detected. A significant difference in the frequency of CYP1A2*1F c.734C>A polymorphism was detected between patient and control groups indicating a possible role of this allele as a risk factor for alcohol dependence

The effect of vitamin U on the lung tissue of pentyleneterazole-induced seizures in rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of vitamin U (Vit U) on lung tissue of pentyleneterazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (0.9% NaCl given, intraperitoneally); Vit U (50 mg/kg/day, for 7 days by gavage); PTZ; (60 mg/kg one dose, intraperitoneally); and PTZ + Vit U (in same dose and time). At the end of the experiment, lung tissues were taken and examined biochemically and cytologically. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), sialic acid (SA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in lung homogenates. Imprinted lung samples were stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa stain and microscopically examined for the presence of collagen fibers, macrophage, leucocyte, and epithelial cells. PTZ administration significantly increased GSH level and CAT activity and significantly decreased SOD activity compared to the control group. Vit U administration significantly increased GSH level and CAT activity compared to the control group. GSH and NO levels significantly decreased in PTZ + Vit U group compared to the PTZ group. In cytologic analysis, increased collagen fibers, macrophages, leucocytes, and epithelial cells were observed in PTZ group compared to the control group, and Vit U administration decreased these cytological parameters compared to the PTZ group. The findings of this study support the possible protective role of using Vit U as an add-on therapy in order to prevent lung tissue injury which may occur during seizures in epilepsy