Influence of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and chemical composition of carcass, fillet and liver in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and chemical composition of carcass, fillet and liver in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). As in Treatments one (F), two (S1), three (S2), four (S3) and five (S4) 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent of fish meal was replaced with soybean meal, respectively. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets formulated containing 44 percent crude proteins and 4374 Kcal gross energy kg-1 diet. Individual body weights of fish were measured every three week. Fish were sampled randomly from each treatment for whole body, fillet and liver proximate analysis. Based on the results, weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) had significant difference among the treatments (P0.05). Significant differences were found in fillet lipid content (P0.05). Liver proximate composition of fish did not significant difference (P>0.05)

HETEROGENEOUS POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE AT LOW TEMPERATURE IN DISPERSED SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Title of thesis HETEROGENEOUS POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE AT LOW TEMPERATURE IN DISPERSED SYSTEMS Laleh Emdadi, Master of Science, 2011 Directed by: Professor, Dr. Kyu Yong Choi, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department Dispersion polymerization is a unique method to prepare monodisperse polymer particles of 1-10 µm in a single step process. This process is usually carried out at high temperatures that are not cost effective and suitable for special applications such as encapsulation of bio materials. Production of uniform polymer particles at low temperatures via dispersion polymerization has not been studied widely yet. In this research, dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in a nonpolar solvent, n-hexane, using N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and lauroyl peroxide (LPO) as redox initiators at low temperature has been studied. The evolutions of monomer conversion, polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD), and particle morphology were determined. Under specific reaction conditions, monodisperse micron-sized polymer particles were produced. The same technique was applied in the confined reaction space of a monomer droplet. Using this new process, called micro dispersive suspension polymerization, polymer particles with different internal morphologies produced with various potential applications

Seroparasitological evaluation of Plasmodium vivax malaria and stability of the anti-plasmodial antibodies in Parsabad Ardabil province

زمینه و هدف: مالاریا یکی از مهمترین بیماری های انگلی در جهان و برخی از مناطق ایران محسوب می شود. علاوه بر مناطق آندمیک این بیماری در جنوب و جنوب شرقی، در سال های اخیر، شمال غربی کشور نیز با ظهور مالاریای ویواکس مواجه شده است. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی مقایسه ای سروپارازیتولوژی مالاریا با روش ایمونوفلوئورسانس غیر مستقیم (IFA) و پایداری آنتی بادی های ضد پلاسمودیومی شهرستان پارس آباد واقع در استان اردبیل در شمال غربی ایران صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 250 نمونه از افراد مبتلا به مالاریا که با روش میکروسکوپی تایید شده و تحت درمان با ترکیبات ضد مالاریا بوده اند و 250 نمونه از گروه شاهد منفی، بین سال های 84-1382 انجام پذیرفت. پایداری آنتی بادی‌های ضد پلاسمودیوم ویواکس در سرم های تهیه شده از گروه های آزمون و شاهد در پایان دوره مطالعه با استفاده از روش های ایمونوفلوئورسانس (IFA) و مستقیم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده های به دست آمده با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و t دانشجویی تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: در بررسی انجام شده به روش میکروسکپی، از مبتلایان به مالاریا همگی به پلاسمودیوم ویواکس آلوده و گروه شاهد همگی منفی بودند و هیچگونه آلودگی مضاعف با این روش مشاهده نشد. نتیجه بررسی سروپارازیتولوژیک با روش ایمونوفلوئورسانس نشانگر آن بود که 47 مورد (19) از گروه آزمون و 4 مورد (6/1) از گروه شاهد آنتی بادی ضد پلاسمودیوم ویواکس را دارا بودند (001/0

Quantum Dots in Semiconductors for Coming Optical Applications

Review of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) development and research for optical applications. The QDs are tiny crystals, around 10 nm in size, made of semiconductors III-V, II-VI, IV, and IV-VI. They are divided into two categories. The self-assembled QDs, which are grown epitaxially on a semiconductor substrate, are one type. The other type is colloidal QDs, which are chemically produced in a solvent. Due to the fact that both QDs' emission wavelengths span a broad spectrum, from visible to infrared, the QDs are appealing to a variety of application domains. In the areas of replacing current devices, quantum information devices, and solar energy conversion devices, research on both epitaxial QDs and colloidal QDs has advanced. The QD devices will be crucial to the 21st century's large-capacity information-oriented civilization and the solution to the energy crisis. The three application sectors, namely the replacement of current products, quantum information devices, and solar cells, are the main topics of this article

Some types of Solar Cells and their characters

A solar cell is a type of electronic device that directly converts solar energy from light into electricity. A current and a voltage are produced by the sun's light shining on the solar cell to produce electrical vigor. This process requires a material that, when exposed to light, elevates an electron's energy level in the first stage. Additionally, in the second stage, this stronger electron is transferred from the solar cell to an external circuit. As a result, the electron loses energy in the outside circuit before returning to the solar cell. The requirements for photovoltaic energy conversion can potentially be met by a variety of materials and techniques. Although not strictly speaking, nearly all photovoltaic energy conversion uses semiconductor materials in the form of a p-n link. Taking into account the increase in tolerable vigor. Solar energy is the best example to use to show this. We will examine the many types of solar cells and their characteristics in this essay

Carbon Dots Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application

Carbon dots (CDs) are a series of non-dimensional carbon-based little particles, endowed with great photoluminescence, water- dissolved, good bio adaptability, and small toxicity. Carbon dots (CDs) are a unique class of fluorescent Nano materials, whose emissions can be tuned by manipulating the reaction conditions of their formation. Moreover, CDs act a significant duty in the transfer of electrons. On the one hand, the appropriate energy band value of CDs assists the charge segregation and transfer after the carbon point is excited. In addition, carbon dots depict explicit electrical conductivities analogous to graphene. An excellent utilization amount of fossil vigor has led to the crisis of energy as well as the surroundings. Thus, it is an immediate duty to research renewable scavenging energy to dissolve these issues. In this paper, I’ve strived to classify the application of carbon dots in dye-sensitized solar cells in recent years and explained the mechanisms of improving the performance of carbon dots. Among them, solar energy is reliable to be the most promising renewable energy resource due to its fascinating properties such as being inexhaustible and environmentally friendly. The growth of solar cells is already in the third stage, and investigation focuses contain dye-sensitized solar cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells make use of a similar sense, and light to electric power transformation efficiencies above 10% have been reached with DSCs

Tailoring ZSM-5 Zeolites for the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass to Aromatic Hydrocarbons

The production of aromatic hydrocarbons from cellulose by zeolite-catalyzed fast pyrolysis involves a complex reaction network sensitive to the zeolite structure, crystallinity, elemental composition, porosity, and acidity. The interplay of these parameters under the reaction conditions represents a major roadblock that has hampered significant improvement in catalyst design for over a decade. Here, we studied commercial and laboratory-synthesized ZSM-5 zeolites and combined data from 10 complementary characterization techniques in an attempt to identify parameters common to high-performance catalysts. Crystallinity and framework aluminum site accessibility were found to be critical to achieve high aromatic yields. These findings enabled us to synthesize a ZSM-5 catalyst with enhanced activity, which offers the highest aromatic hydrocarbon yield reported to date.This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Hoff, Thomas C., David W. Gardner, Rajeeva Thilakaratne, Kaige Wang, Thomas W. Hansen, Robert C. Brown, and Jean‐Philippe Tessonnier. "Tailoring ZSM‐5 Zeolites for the Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass to Aromatic Hydrocarbons." ChemSusChem 9, no. 12 (2016): 1473-1482., which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600186. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.</p

The Effect of Mold Flux Wetting Conditions with Varying Crucible Materials on Crystallization

Understanding mold flux crystallization is essential for assessing heat transfer during steel casting. The complexity of the mold gap presents challenges in identifying the optimal testing method and nucleation type. This study investigates how variations in wetting properties influence nucleation dynamics, in particular the wetting behaviors of mold flux in platinum and graphite crucibles and how they affect crystallization temperatures and solidification mechanisms. Advanced analytical techniques, including confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to analyze nucleation under different conditions, with calibration using synthetic slag, Li2SO4, and thermodynamic equilibrium simulations. The findings highlight the crucial role of crucible materials in modifying nucleation energy barriers and undercooling requirements. These insights enhance the understanding of mold flux behavior, contributing to the refinement of testing methodologies and the optimization of heat transfer and solidification processes in continuous casting

Study of Droplet Impact on a Wall using a Sharp Interface Method and Different Contact Line Models

In this research, droplet impact on a surface is simulated by using a sharp method for interface modeling. The level-set method along with the ghost fluid method is used to model interface in a sharp fashion. Different contact line models are compared and evaluated at both low and high impact velocities. On a hydrophobic surface, dynamic models developed by Hoffman and Jiang represent a more accurate prediction of droplet behavior during the impact process than the static and molecular kinetic dynamic models, especially at rebounding stage. At lower impact velocities, the Hoffman’s model represents better predictions. However, at higher impact velocities, the Jiang’s model is somewhat more accurate. The molecular dynamic model is not appropriate for high impact velocities. On a hydrophilic surface, at low impact velocities, the Jiang’s model represents satisfactory results, whereas the static and the Hoffman’s models cannot produce accurate results, after initial stages of the impact process. At high impact velocities, the static model shows considerable deviation from the experimental results. The effect of the contact angle on the dynamic behavior of the droplet is investigated. At contact angles lower than 900, the droplet only spreads on the surface after impact. However, at contact angles higher than 900, the droplet starts to recoil after spreading. In this case, it is possible that droplet rebounds from surface after recoiling. Maximum spreading radius of the droplet decreases by an increase in contact angle. At higher contact angles, less time is needed for the droplet to rebound from surface

Prevalence of vitamin d deficiency amongwomen of reproductive age: A multi centric study in tehran

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitaminDdeficiency among Iranianwomenof reproductive age. Methods: In this multicentric cross-sectional study, 300 women aged 15 - 45 years referring to Tehran branch of Islamic Azad university hospitals from 2013 to 2015 were recruited. The collected data included the demographic characteristics of the participants, including age, body mass index (BMI), parity, and serum level of vitamin D. Serum levels of 25-dihydroxy vitamin D were measured by radioimmunoassay. Vitamin D was defined as deficient < 20 nmol/L, mild 25 nmol/L, moderate 12.5 - 25 nmol/L and severe12.5 nmol/L. Statistical analysis was performed, using Excel software. Results: Amongthe300patients, 257 caseshadvitaminDdeficiency;amongwhom,122 caseshadsevere, 96hadmoderateand38hadmild deficiency. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, only 14.8 of the study population had normal serum vitamin D levels, indicating that the majority of Iranian women in the reproductive age have vitamin D deficiency. © 2016, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences