9 research outputs found

    Towards a Monthly Business Cycle Chronology for the Euro Area

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    This paper is an exercise in dating the Euro area business cycle on a monthly basis. Using a quite flexible interpolation routine, we construct several monthly series of Euro area real GDP, and then apply the Bry-Boschan (1971) procedure. To account for the asymmetry in growth regimes and duration across business cycle phases, we propose to extend this method with a combined amplitude/phase-length criterion ruling out expansionary phases that are short and flat. Applying the extended procedure to US and European data, we are able to replicate approximately the dating decisions of the NBER and the CEPR.business cycle, European business cycle, Euro area, Bry-Boschan, NBER methodology

    Forecasting the yield curve in a data-rich environment: a no-arbitrage factor-augmented VAR approach

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    This paper suggests a term structure model which parsimoniously exploits a broad macroeconomic information set. The model does not incorporate latent yield curve factors, but instead uses the common components of a large number of macroeconomic variables and the short rate as explanatory factors. Precisely, an affine term structure model with parameter restrictions implied by no-arbitrage is added to a Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression (FAVAR). The model is found to strongly outperform different benchmark models in out-of-sample yield forecasts, reducing root mean squared forecast errors relative to the random walk up to 50% for short and around 20% for long maturities. JEL Classification: C13, C32, E43, E44, E52Affine term structure models, Dynamic Factor Models, FAVAR, yield curve

    Essays on financial markets and the macroeconomy

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    Diese Arbeit besteht aus vier Essays, die empirische und methodische BeitrĂ€ge zu den Gebieten der Finanzmarktökonomik und der Makroökonomik liefern. Der erste Essay beschĂ€ftigt sich mit der Spezifikation der Investoren verfĂŒgbaren Informationsmenge in Tests bedingter Kapitalmarktmodelle. Im Speziellen schlĂ€gt es die Verwendung dynamischer Faktoren als Instrumente vor. Diese fassen per Konstruktion die Information in einer Vielzahl von Variablen zusammen und stellen daher intuitive Maße fĂŒr die Investoren zur VerfĂŒgung stehenden Informationen dar. Es wird gezeigt, dass so die SchĂ€tzfehler bedingter Modelle im Vergleich zu traditionellen, auf einzelnen Indikatoren beruhenden Modellvarianten substantiell verringert werden. Ausgehend von Ergebnissen, dass die Zentralbank zur Festlegung des kurzfristigen Zinssatzes eine große Menge an Informationen berĂŒcksichtigt, wird im zweiten Essay im Rahmen eines affinen Zinsstrukturmodells eine Ă€hnliche Idee verwandt. Speziell wird die Dynamik des kurzfristigen Zinses im Rahmen einer Faktor-Vektorautoregression modelliert. Aufbauend auf dieser dynamischen Charakterisierung der Geldpolitik wird dann die Zinsstruktur unter der Annahme fehlender Arbitragemöglichkeiten hergeleitet. Das resultierende Modell liefert bessere Vorhersagen US-amerikanischer Anleihenzinsen als eine Reihe von Vergleichsmodellen. Der dritte Essay analysiert die Vorhersagekraft der Zinsstrukturkomponenten "level", "slope", und "curvature" im Rahmen eines dynamischen Faktormodells fĂŒr makroökonomische und Zinsdaten. Das Modell wird mit einem Metropolis-within-Gibbs Sampling Verfahren geschĂ€tzt, und ÜberraschungsĂ€nderungen der drei Komponenten werden mit Hilfe von Null- und Vorzeichenrestriktionen identifiziert. Die Analyse offenbart, dass der "curvature"-Faktor informativer in Bezug auf die zukĂŒnftige Entwicklung der Zinsstruktur und der gesamtwirtschaftlichen AktivitĂ€t ist als bislang vermutet. Der vierte Essay legt eine monatliche Chronologie der Konjunkturzyklen im Euro-Raum vor. ZunĂ€chst wird mit Hilfe einer verallgemeinerten Interpolationsmethode eine monatliche Zeitreihe des europĂ€ischen BIP konstruiert. Anschließend wird auf diese Zeitreihe ein Datierungsverfahren angewandt, das kurze und flache Konjunkturphasen ausschließt.This thesis consists of four essays of independent interest which make empirical and methodological contributions to the fields of financial economics and macroeconomics. The first essay deals with the proper specification of investors’ information set in tests of conditional asset pricing models. In particular, it advances the use of dynamic factors as conditioning variables. By construction, dynamic factors summarize the information in a large number of variables and are therefore intuitively appealing proxies for the information set available to investors. The essay demonstrates that this approach substantially reduces the pricing errors implied by conditional models with respect to traditional approaches that use individual indicators as instruments. Following previous evidence that the central bank uses a large set of conditioning information when setting short-term interest rates, the second essay employs a similar insight in a model of the term structure of interest rates. Precisely, the dynamics of the short-term interest rate are modelled using a Factor-Augmented Vector-Autoregression. Based on this dynamic characterization of monetary policy, the term structure of interest rates is derived under the assumption of no-arbitrage. The resulting model is shown to provide superior out-of-sample forecasts of US government bond yields with respect to a number of benchmark models. The third essay analyzes the predictive information carried by the yield curve components level, slope, and curvature within a joint dynamic factor model of macroeconomic and interest rate data. The model is estimated using a Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampling approach and unexpected changes of the yield curve components are identified employing a combination of zero and sign restrictions. The analysis reveals that the curvature factor is more informative about the future evolution of the yield curve and of economic activity than has previously been acknowledged. The fourth essay provides a monthly business cycle chronology for the Euro area. A monthly series of Euro area real GDP is constructed using an interpolation routine that nests previously suggested approaches as special cases. Then, a dating routine is applied to the interpolated series which excludes business cycle phases that are short and flat

    Towards a Monthly Business Cycle Chronology for the Euro Area

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    This Paper is an exercise in dating the euro area business cycle on a monthly basis. We construct several monthly European real GDP series, and then apply the Bry-Boschan (1971) procedure. Using this method we identify four business cycles. Studying further indicators of business activity, we conclude that the euro area has experienced three business cycles since 1970. We propose a simple amplitude/phase-length criterion for the Bry-Boschan procedure ruling out expansionary phases that are short and flat. Applying the extended procedure to US and European data, we are able to replicate approximately the dating decisions of NBER and CEPR.bry-boschan; business cycle; euro area; european business cycle; nber methodology

    Safe asset shortage and collateral reuse

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    The reuse of collateral can support the efficient allocation of safe assets in the financial system. Exploiting a novel dataset, we show that banks substantially increase their reuse of sovereign bonds in response to scarcity induced by Eurosystem asset purchases. While repo rates react little to purchase-induced scarcity when reuse is low, they become increasingly sensitive at high levels of reuse. An elevated reuse rate is also associated with more failures to deliver and a higher volatility of repo rates in the cross-section of bonds. Our results highlight the trade-off between shock absorption and shock amplification effects of collateral reuse

    Market liquidity of European sovereign bonds during the Covid-19 crisis

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    In March 2020, a “dash for cash” driven by the Covid-19 crisis affected the liquidity of the US Treasury bonds market. While liquidity also declined in euro area sovereign debt markets, this appears to be driven by a “dash for collateral” in euro-denominated safe assetsMit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie im FrĂŒhjahr 2020 hat sich die LiquiditĂ€t auch an StaatsanleihemĂ€rkten im Eurogebiet verschlechtert. Grund dafĂŒr scheint ein „Ansturm auf Sicherheiten“ („dash for collateral“) gewesen zu sein, der sich auf in Euro denominierte sichere Vermögenswerte konzentriert

    Die MarktliquiditÀt europÀischer Staatsanleihen wÀhrend der Covid-19-Krise

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    Mit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie im FrĂŒhjahr 2020 hat sich die LiquiditĂ€t auch an StaatsanleihemĂ€rkten im Eurogebiet verschlechtert. Grund dafĂŒr scheint ein „Ansturm auf Sicherheiten“ („dash for collateral“) gewesen zu sein, der sich auf in Euro denominierte sichere Vermögenswerte konzentrierteIn March 2020, a “dash for cash” driven by the Covid-19 crisis affected the liquidity of the US Treasury bonds market. While liquidity also declined in euro area sovereign debt markets, this appears to be driven by a “dash for collateral” in euro-denominated safe asset
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