The effect of hydrogen on the magnetic properties of FeV superlattice

The electronic and magnetic structures of a hydrogenated and hydrogen free superlattice of 3 iron monolayers and 9 vanadium monolayers are studied using the first principle full-potential augmented-plane-wave method as implemented in WIEN2k package. The volume, the total energy and the magnetic moments of the system are studied versus the hydrogen positions at the octahedral sites within the superlattice and also versus the filling of the vanadium octahedral location by hydrogen atoms. It is found that the hydrogen locations at the interior of vanadium layer are energetically more favourable. The local Fe magnetic moment and the average magnetic moment per supercell are found to increase as the H position moves towards the Fe-V interface. On the other hand, the average magnetic moment per supercell is found to initially decrease up to filling by 3 H atoms and then increases afterwards. To our knowledge, this is the first reporting on the increase in the computed magnetic moment with hydrogenation. These trends of magnetic moments are attributed to the volume changes resulting from hydrogenation and not to electronic hydrogen-metal interaction.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures and 2 table

Radon Monitoring in the Environment

Radon is a natural radioactive gas used to estimate the radioactive hazard in the environment. Radon (222Rn), which is one of the daughters of uranium (238U), represents the most essential isotope, with a half-life of 3.825 days. The associated health risks due to inhalation and ingestion of radon and its progeny when present in enhanced levels in an indoor environment like a human dwelling have been documented. In this chapter, we have discussed the sources and techniques besides the methods used for measuring radon gas in the environment including soil, water, building materials, etc., which are well documented. A wide range of techniques for the detection and quantification of radon has been developed over the last few years. There is no single technique that can meet all the requirements of the different types of the radon measurements. Finally, we have mentioned the most essential information effecting the radon monitoring in the environment and the methods of measuring and controlling the concentration values throughout the environment; we have also mentioned the effect of radon on the inhabitants through the estimation of the effective dose rates and lung cancer risk due to radon gas when its values exceed the action level values

A Derivative-Free Algorithm for Linearly Constrained Optimization Problems

Derivative-free optimization is an active area of research, because there are many practical problems for which the derivatives are not available, and it may still be desirable to carry out optimization. The main motivation for the study of such problems is the high demand for the solution for such problems. In this thesis a new derivative-free algorithm has been developed, named LCOBYQA. The main aim of this algorithm is to nd a minimum x? 2 Rn of a nonlinear objective subject to linearly inequality constraints. The algorithm is based on the trust region method, and uses well known techniques such as the active set version of truncated conjugate gradient method, multivariate Lagrange polynomial interpolation, and QR factorization. Each iteration of the algorithm constructs a quadratic approximation (model) of the objective function that satis es interpolation conditions and leaves some freedom in the model, taken up by minimizing the Frobenius norm of the change of the second derivative of the model. A typical iteration of the algorithm generates a new vector of variables either by minimizing the quadratic model subject to the given constraints and the trust region bound, or by a procedure that should improve the accuracy of the model. Numerical results show that LCOBYQA works well and is so competing against available model-based derivative-free algorithms, such as CONDOR, COBYLA, UOBYQA, NEWUOA and DFO. Under certain conditions LCOBYQA is observed to work extremmely and amazingly fast, leaving an open further investigation to be considered

Biochemical Assessment of Bilirubin Level in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patients in Khartoum State

اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ :اﻛﺜﺮ اﻻﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮه ﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﯾﺎس ھﻮ)ﻣﺮض ﺧﺒﯿﺚ ﯾﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺪه( 95% ﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﺒﺎر ه ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﯾﺎس ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ رأس اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﯾﺎس وھﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ أﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﻮﻓﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. اﻟﮭﺪف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﮫ ﻗﯿﺎس ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ ﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﯾﺎس ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺮ واﻟﺠﻨﺲ. اﺟﺮﯾﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮم ﻟﻠﻌﻼج ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﮫ واﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮه دﯾﺴﻤﺒﺮ 2017 اﻟﻰ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ 2018. ﺗﻀﻤﻦت اﻟﺪراﺳﮫ ارﺑﻌﮫ وﺛﻤﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺮﯾﻀﺎ )50رﺟﻼ و34 اﻣﺮاه( ﺗﺘﺮاوح اﻋﻤﺎرھﻢ ﺑﯿﻦ ال20 ﺳﻨﮫ اﻟﻲ70 ﺳﻨﮫ . اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﮫ )اﻟﻰ 1.2 ﻣﻞ/دﺳﻢ( ,اﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮه)اﻟﻰ 0.25ﻣﻞ/دﺳﻢ( واﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮه)اﻟﻰ0.95ﻣﻞ/دﺳﻢ(. اﺟﺮﯾﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﮫ ﻟﺜﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات ﺳﺎﺑﻘﮫ. أﻇﮭﺮت اﻟﺪراسه أن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻜﻠﻲه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﮫ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻼج وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﮫ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوي اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﺎن)1.48±0.49 (9.56±1.48, 2.01±0.77, andﻣﻞﻏﻢ/دﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. وﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮه ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻼج وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﮫ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوي اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﺎن)(5.56±1.40,0.80±0.60, 0.45±,0.38 ﻣﻞﻏﻢ/دﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮه ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻼج وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﮫ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوي اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﺎن)1.02±0.37 ,3.96±1.26,,1.19±0,46(ﻣﻠﻐﻢ /دﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ. أﻇﮭﺮت اﻟﺪراسه ان اﻟﻌﻼج اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﺨﻔﺾ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺎده اﻟﺼﻔﺮاوﯾﮫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوي اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﮫ اﻷوﻟﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺜﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ

Relationship between the magnetic hyperfine field and the magnetic moment

Based on experimental data it is shown, for some chosen alloys and compounds of iron, that there is no one unique relationship between the 57Fe-site magnetic hyperfine field, Bhf, and the magnetic moment per Fe atom, m. Instead, the Bhf-m plot consists of several branches, each of them being characteristic of a given alloy or compound. Consequently, the effective proportionality constant (hyperfine coupling constant) depends on the alloy system or compound, and for a given alloy system or compound it depends on the composition or even on the lattice site. Consequently, the scaling of Bhf into the underlying m cannot be done a priopri

Analytical Studies on the Radionuclide Levels of Sediment and Water in an Agricultural Environment in the Egyptian Delta

This paper is an environmental investigation of the concentration values of radioisotopes and hazardous elements, aimed to shed light on industrial pollution and the effect of using fertilizers in the period of irrigation water drainage from cultivated lands, especially in the River Nile, irrigated, and draining channels in the middle portion of the Egyptian river delta. Different samples were analyzed, both for water and sediment. Many physical and chemical characteristics of samples were investigated. Among them are the quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions (pH), grain size, and the total organic matter content (TOM) have been determined for sediments. pH and TDS, beside other types of pollutants, were determined for water samples. The water and sediment samples pH are slightly alkaline. The mean value of TDS for water samples is 488 mg/l, while he usual TDS value in river is 500 mg/l. The TOM values show that the sediment samples are poor in organic matter content. The bicarbonate range in the water samples is smaller than the same range in river water. The levels of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 activity in sediments are highly correlated. Natural radionuclides seem to correlate with the artificial Cs-137 in sediment. For this peruse, a 240 cm3 high-purity germanium reagent Type-B was used to quantify the levels in each sample with a relative accuracy of 50 %. The radioactive element K-40 is having a typical value of 12.5 Bq/kg. The concentrations of both Cu beside Zn in water samples is smaller if compared with values that quoted by the WHO, the US-EPA, and the EC. It was also found that the average levels for both Cd and Mn are found to be close to the internationally recommended levels. The water and sediments in the southern part of the canal contain higher concentrations of heavy metals and radioactive isotopes than in the rest of the canal

Modern Islamic terrorism, jihad and the perceptions of Melbourne's Muslim leaders

Terrorism has loomed in the public eye for centuries; however, since 9/11 modern terrorism has attracted a new public dimension. On an international and domestic scope, media and government bodies have identified that the 9/11 terrorist attacks were delivered by the hands of Islamic terrorists, namely Al-Qaeda (U.S. Government, 2002). According to Australian, American and British government official reports and numerous international and domestic media reports, Al-Qaeda publicly claimed responsibility for 9/11 and other terrorist attacks such as the Bali, London and Madrid bombings (Al-Jazeera, 2004: 1-6; Gonzales, 2006:3; National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, 2002: 1-49; ). Furthermore, some domestic and international Muslim communities have responded to 9/11 and other attacks by revealing their support of Al-Qaeda's hatred and violence towards the West (Tarakhil, 2004:1; Ziabi, 2006:5). It was here among these media and government reports that the concept of Jihad emerged as a pivotal religious and political concept that justifies terrorism. As a result, Jihad developed a causal link to terrorism and thus, placed Islam in the forefront of controversy as a religion that creates terrorists. Despite such compelling government and media reports on the association made between Jihad and terrorism, questions as to their link remain prevalent. It would be an ignorant and a deeply unjust assumption to make against Islam, if the public are led to believe that an association truly exists between Jihad and terrorism without credibly assessing the construct and application of both concepts. Therefore, it is the aim of this research to analyze Jihad and terrorism first as singular concepts, and then examine the possible link that Jihad may have with Islamic terrorism. In order to successfully conduct such an enquiry, it is important to compare and contrast both the interpretations of Melbourne's Islamic religious leaders to that of academic literature on Jihad and terrorism

Islam in the British broadsheets : how historically-conditioned orientalist discourses inform representations of Islam as a militant monolithic entity

From the Iranian revolution in 1979 to the London underground suicide bombings on the 7th of July 2005, the image of Islam as a militant anti-Western faith featured dominantly in the global mass media. This thesis examines the claim that the Western media representation of Islam, the second largest religion in the world with over one billion followers, is predominantly negative and demonizing. Current debates attribute this demonizing and reductive representation to the historically polarised relationship between Islam the West. Central to this argument is that the Western media in general, and the press in particular, tend to report an incomplete fragment of a rather complex situation, and represent the acts of Islamic militant movements and groups as an archetype of Islam. Few researchers used qualitative means to address the issue of representation of Islam in the media. This thesis investigates the representation of Islam in three British dailies, selected for their political different standpoints, and asks to what extent this representation is influenced by the historically conditioned Orientalist discourses that seek to construct and maintain hegemonic perceptions of Islam. The thesis argues that Islam and Muslim societies are a highly diverse reality, which is not confined only to extremism, confrontation, violence, terrorism and antagonism towards everything Western and challenges the monolithic approach that reinforces blanket generalisations, stereotypes and views of Islam/Muslims, based on the common perception of Islam as rooted in the West's self-definition as the negative `Other'. Using discourse analysis, the research seeks to deconstruct the selected news reports in order to highlight what was actually covered, and how news stories were framed and knowledge of Islam was generally produced through discourse(s) and point out that such representations are informed by specific relations of power.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Partial distance-learning training for information technology higher education trainers

Teachers must be able to adapt to a rapidly changing IT knowledge and technology. This requirement is further compounded by the need that this knowledge and technology be incorporated in the curriculum at the same rate. This paper presents a strategic approach for updating curriculum and technical know-how of information technology through training the IT trainers. This approach is expected to help modernize the IT training in the developing country by educating the youth who are at the receiving end of this training. In order to ensure the economic feasibility of this approach, teaching methods conducted were based on a combination of traditional methods and modern distance learning techniques.Education for the 21 st century - impact of ICT and Digital Resources ConferenceRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Incidence of plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV positive and negative patients at a tertiary hospital in South Africa (2005-2017)

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The aim of the study was to investigate and describe the incidence of Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL) diagnosed at the Divisions of Anatomical Pathology and Haematopathology at Tygerberg Hospital from 2005 to 2017, and to ascertain a possible correlation with HIV infection, by identifying the number of HIV positive and negative patients diagnosed with Plasmablastic Lymphoma. Method: This was a retrospective study using the case records of all newly diagnosed PBL patients from 2005 to 2017. Results: Fifty-seven cases of PBL were diagnosed from 2005-2017. The overall result shows an increasing incidence of PBL in the intended period with the maximum incidence occurring in 2017. Most of the cases, 40.4%, were diagnosed in the age range 40-49-years. Forty-five patients were HIV-positive (78.9%) with (P value 0.011) and the majority of the patients were males (66.7%)