The rise of an ionized wind in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 335 observed by XMM-Newton and HST

We present the discovery of an outflowing ionized wind in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 335. Despite having been extensively observed by most of the largest X-ray observatories in the last decade, this bright source was not known to host warm absorber gas until recent XMM-Newton observations in combination with a long-term Swift monitoring program have shown extreme flux and spectral variability. High resolution spectra obtained by the XMM-Newton RGS detector reveal that the wind consists of three distinct ionization components, all outflowing at a velocity of 5000 km/s. This wind is clearly revealed when the source is observed at an intermediate flux state (2-5e-12 ergs cm^-2 s^-1). The analysis of multi-epoch RGS spectra allowed us to compare the absorber properties at three very different flux states of the source. No correlation between the warm absorber variability and the X-ray flux has been determined. The two higher ionization components of the gas may be consistent with photoionization equilibrium, but we can exclude this for the only ionization component that is consistently present in all flux states (log(xi)~1.8). We have included archival, non-simultaneous UV data from HST (FOS, STIS, COS) with the aim of searching for any signature of absorption in this source that so far was known for being absorption-free in the UV band. In the COS spectra obtained a few months after the X-ray observations we found broad absorption in CIV lines intrinsic to the AGN and blueshifted by a velocity roughly comparable to the X-ray outflow. The global behavior of the gas in both bands can be explained by variation of the covering factor and/or column density, possibly due to transverse motion of absorbing clouds moving out of the line of sight at Broad Line Region scale.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, ApJ accepte

Speech Functions Used by Speakers in Allison L. Randall's Short Story “End of the Line”

. Conversation is a process of exchanging two variables, there are speech role and commodity exchange, the combination between them is called speech function. This thesis is entitled “Speech Function Used by All Speaker In Allison L. Randall‘s Short Story End of The Line”. This study aims at describing the kinds of speech function and interpersonal role created by all speakers in Allison L. Randall's short story “End of The Line”. They are Liza, Frank, Noah Crawford, Postmaster, Zedekiah Smith and Caleb. This study used qualitative research method. Qualitative research method was used to collect and analyze data that cannot be represented by number. Descriptive research was used in the literal sense of describing situation and event. The result of this study shows that there are 10 kinds of speech functions produced by all characters (Liza, Frank, Noah Crawford, Postmaster, Zedekiah Smith and Caleb). They are 11 statements, 8 commands, 5 offers, 7 questions, 2 acknowledgements, 3 contradictions, 2 acceptances, 2 rejections, 2 answers, and 2 disclaimers. The highest speech function is ‘command' produced by Liza because she demands the bank robber to release her from the captive. She also produced highest speech function ‘question', because she is the main character. She is a talkative who wants to know everything. The highest speech function produced by Zedekiah Smith is ‘statement' because he is bank robber who comes back again to release Liza

The Effects of Project-Based Learning and Cooperative Learning Group Investigation Towards Student's Concept Mastery at SMA in Respiratory System

This research aimed to investigate the effect of using project based learning (PjBL) toward student's concept learning of exact eleven grade senior high school students in respiratory system. The design of the study was quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test control group design.The population of this research was all students in exact eleven grade of SMA Medan Academic Year 2014/2015 which consist of 11 classes. Taking sample done by using purposive sampling technique and the classes chosen are three classes i.e. XI MIA 10 (PjBL), XIMIA 7 (GI) and XIMIA 5 (Conventional). Research instrument are multiple choices (C1-C6) for collecting the student's concept mastery aspect. The statistical assumption test revealed that the data were normally distributed and homogent. Hypothesis analysed using Analysis of Covariant (ANACOVA) followed by Tukey's test assisted by SPSS 19.00. Research result showed that learning models effect the student's concept mastery significantly. Student's concept mastery was 80,05± 4, 23 for project-based learning class, and it differs significantly towards group investigation class (73,75 ± 5,95) (P=0,000), and conventional class (70,77±5,56) (P=0,000). Group investigation also differs significantly towards conventional learning (P=0,023). The result showed that student's concept mastery on project-based learning class was higher than group investigation and conventional learning class

Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Longsor Berbasis Gis di Kota Batu

Kota Batu terletak didaerah pegunungan dan ditetapkan oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) Jawa Timur sebagai daerah perbukitan yang rawan longsor. Tanah Longsor tidak dapat dicegah secara pasti  namun  kita  dapat  melakuakan  upaya  untuk  meminimalisir  terjadinya  tanah  longsor  pada  daerah  rawan longsor. Tanah longsor di Kota batu dapat menggangu kelancaran mobilitas dan merugikan masyarakat karena akses mobilitas atau jalan disana terdiri dari lereng dan bukit yang terjal. Adanya pemetaan pada daerah rawan longsor akan  membantu untuk  meminimalisir terjadinya tanah longsor. Dari permasalahan diatas  saya sebagai penulis ingin mengambil judul Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Longsor Berbasis GIS Di Kota Batu untuk membantu masyarakat  secara  update  mengetahui  dan  mengawasi  daerah  yang  dijadikan  titik  rawan  longsor  agar  dapat meminimalisir  jatuhnya  korban  dan  kerugian  yang  banyak  ketika  terjadi  tanah  longsor  dengan  menggunakan metode SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) untuk menentukan tingkat status daerah rawa

Just how hot are the ω\omega Centauri extreme horizontal branch pulsators?

Past studies based on optical spectroscopy suggest that the five $\omega$ Cen pulsators form a rather homogeneous group of hydrogen-rich subdwarf O stars with effective temperatures of around 50 000 K. This places the stars below the red edge of the theoretical instability strip in the log $g$ $-$ Teff diagram, where no pulsation modes are predicted to be excited. Our goal is to determine whether this temperature discrepancy is real, or whether the stars' effective temperatures were simply underestimated. We present a spectral analysis of two rapidly pulsating extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars found in $\omega$ Cen. We obtained Hubble Space Telescope/COS UV spectra of two $\omega$ Cen pulsators, V1 and V5, and used the ionisation equilibrium of UV metallic lines to better constrain their effective temperatures. As a by-product we also obtained FUV lightcurves of the two pulsators. Using the relative strength of the N IV and N V lines as a temperature indicator yields Teff values close to 60 000 K, significantly hotter than the temperatures previously derived. From the FUV light curves we were able to confirm the main pulsation periods known from optical data. With the UV spectra indicating higher effective temperatures than previously assumed, the sdO stars would now be found within the predicted instability strip. Such higher temperatures also provide consistent spectroscopic masses for both the cool and hot EHB stars of our previously studied sample.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic