Healthy lifestyles of the university population

El estilo de vida se define como el conjunto de pautas y hábitos comportamentales cotidianos de una persona, que mantenidos en el tiempo pueden constituirse en dimensiones de riesgo o de seguridad dependiendo de su naturaleza. Los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido conocer los estilos de vida de los jóvenes universitarios en las siguientes dimensiones: alimentación, ejercicio físico, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas, relaciones sexuales y seguridad vial. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas: PUBMED, SCIELO y CUIDEN entre los años 2002-2014; utilizando como palabras claves: estilos de vida, conductas saludables, dieta, ejercicio, drogas, estudiantes universitarios. De los artículos encontrados, destacar como dato más relevante, que los jóvenes universitarios poseen una alta presencia de creencias favorables sobre hábitos de vida saludables y a pesar de ello, no lo llevan a la práctica. Tras realizar una exhaustiva revisión podemos concluir que según los distintos autores, los jóvenes universitarios en general, no tienen buenos hábitos alimentarios, consumiendo dietas desequilibradas con alto contenido calórico. Además la práctica del ejercicio físico es nula, aun sabiendo que una buena alimentación y la realización de ejercicio tienen efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud. A esto hay que añadirle el consumo elevado de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana entre los jóvenes universitarios.The lifestyle is defined as the set of behavioral patterns and daily habits of a person, which maintained over time may become dimensions of risk or safety depending on their nature. The aim of this study was to know the lifestyles of university students in the following dimensions: diet, exercise, consumption of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, sex and road safety. We made a literature review in electronic databases: PubMed, SCIELO and CUIDEN, between 2002-2014; using as keywords habits, lifestyle, health behaviors, young adult and university students. From articles found, stand out as most relevant data that university students have a high presence of favorable beliefs about healthy lifestyles and nevertheless not put into practice. We could conclude that according to different authors, university students in general have not a good eating habits, eating unbalanced diets high in calories. Besides the physical exercise is null, knowing that a good diet and doing exercise have beneficial effects on health. To this must be added the high consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among university students

Effects on growth of human osteoblast-like cells of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: metamizole, dexketoprofen, and ketorolac

Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have adverse effects on bone tissue. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of dexketoprofen, ketorolac, and metamizole on growth of the osteoblast MG63 cell line. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide spectrophotometry results showed that MG63 cell growth was significantly inhibited after 24 hr of culture with doses of 10, 20, 100, or 1,000 µM of each NSAID and with doses of 0.1, 1, or 5 µM of dexketoprofen and ketorolac but not metamizole. Cell-cycle studies revealed that dexketoprofen and ketorolac treatments significantly arrested the cell cycle in phase G0/G1, increasing the percentage of cells in this phase. Apoptosis/necrosis studies showed significant changes versus control cells, with an increased percentage of cells in apoptosis after treatment with 10, 100, or 1,000 µM of metamizole and after treatment with 1, 10, 100, or 1,000 µM of dexketoprofen or ketorolac. In conclusion, treatment of osteoblast-like cells with high doses of the NSAIDs tested increased not only the percentage of cells in apoptosis but also the percentage of necrotic cells

Therapeutic doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit osteosarcoma MG-63 osteoblast-like celss maturation, viability, and biomineralization potential

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to reduce pain and inflammation. However, their effect on bone metabolisms is not well known, and results in the literature are contradictory. The present study focusses on the effect of dexketoprofen, ketorolac, metamizole, and acetylsalicylic acid, at therapeutic doses, on different biochemical and phenotypic pathways in human osteoblast-like cells. Osteoblasts (MG-63 cell line) were incubated in culture medium with 1–10  M of dexketoprofen, ketorolac, metamizole, and acetylsalicylic acid. Flow cytometry was used to study antigenic profile and phagocytic activity. The osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by mineralization and synthesis of collagen fibers by microscopy and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) by spectrophotometric assay. Short-term treatment with therapeutic doses of NSAIDs modulated differentiation, antigenic profile, and phagocyte activity of osteoblast-like cells. The treatment reduced ALP synthesis and matrix mineralization. However, nonsignificant differences were observed on collagen syntheses after treatments. The percentage of CD54 expression was increased with all treatments. CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR showed a decreased expression, which depended on NSAID and the dose applied. The treatments also decreased phagocyte activity in this cellular population. The results of this paper provide evidences that NSAIDs inhibit the osteoblast differentiation process thus reducing their ability to produce new bone mineralized extracellular matrix.This study was supported by the BIO277 research group (Junta de Andalucía), by the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada and by the research group Brighton Studies in Tissue-mimicry and Aided Regeneration (BrightSTAR), School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton

Analysis of the Lifestyle of Spanish Undergraduate Nursing Students and Comparison with Students of Other Degrees

Background: Nursing students are exposed to concepts of healthy lifestyles while they are attending university. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze whether nursing students have a healthier lifestyle than non-nursing students and to determine whether their behaviour is consistent with their beliefs. Methods: A cross-sectional study, with 293 university students was performed by using a validated questionnaire to measure beliefs and behaviour regarding health. Results: The lifestyle pattern of the nursing students evaluated was characterised by a high percentage of nurses with low levels of physical activity, poor balanced diet and smoking habits. The comparative analysis showed no significant differences between nursing students and students from other degrees. Conclusions: Students have a positive attitude and knowledge about healthy lifestyle, but do not transfer it to their own lives. Nurses’ lifestyle can unintentionally affect the behaviour of other people through their own behaviour and beliefs because they serve as a model for a healthy lifestyle. These findings support that nurse educators have an active role as promoter of health by using lessons to modify the behaviour of their students

Biological properties and therapeutic applications of garlic and its components

This study was supported by research group BIO277 (Junta de Andalucia) and Department of Nursing (University of Granada).Garlic is one of the most widely employed condiments in cooking. It has also been used since ancient times in traditional plant-based medicine, largely based on its organosulfur compounds. The objective of this study was to provide updated information on the biological and therapeutic garlic properties. Garlic has been found to possess important biological properties with high therapeutic potential, which is influenced by the mode of its utilization, preparation, and extraction. It has been attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacities. Garlic, in particular its organosulfur compounds, can maintain immune system homeostasis through positive effects on immune cells, especially by regulating cytokine proliferation and expression. This may underlie their usefulness in the treatment of infectious and tumor processes. These compounds can also offer vascular benefits by regulating lipid metabolism or by exerting antihypertensive and antiaggregant effects. However, further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the therapeutic potential of garlic and its derivatives.Department of Nursing (University of Granada)Junta de Andaluci

Potential Effects of Phenolic Compounds That Can Be Found in Olive Oil on Wound Healing

This study was supported by research group BIO277 (Junta de Andalucia) and the Department of Nursing of the University of Granada. We would also like to thank Concepcion Ruiz for the considerations and retouches made to this paper.The treatment of tissue damage produced by physical, chemical, or mechanical agents involves considerable direct and indirect costs to health care systems. Wound healing involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at repairing the defect in tissue integrity. These events can be favored by various natural agents, including the polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The objective of this study was to review data on the potential effects of different phenolic compounds that can also be found in EVOO on wound healing and closure. Results of in vitro and animal studies demonstrate that polyphenols from different plant species, also present in EVOO, participate in different aspects of wound healing, accelerating this process through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and their stimulation of angiogenic activities required for granulation tissue formation and wound re-epithelialization. These results indicate the potential usefulness of EVOO phenolic compounds for wound treatment, either alone or in combination with other therapies. Human studies are warranted to verify this proposition.Junta de Andalucia BIO277Department of Nursing of the University of Granad

Role of Vitamin D in the Metabolic Syndrome

This study was supported by research group BIO277 (Junta de Andalucía) and the Department of Nursing (University of Granada).The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has risen in developed countries over the past few years in association with lifestyle changes and an increase in unhealthy habits. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in various diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is clinically defined by a set of metabolic and vascular disorders. The objective of this study was to review scientific evidence on the relationship between MetS and vitamin D deficiency to support the development of prevention strategies and health education programs. An inverse relationship has been reported between plasma vitamin D concentrations and the features that define MetS, i.e., elevated serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin, and a high body mass index. Numerous studies have described the benefits of vitamin D supplementation to improve outcomes in individuals with MetS. Interventions to maintain optimal vitamin D concentrations are proposed as a preventive strategy against MetS.Junta de AndaluciaDepartment of Nursing (University of Granada

Biomimetic Collagen Membranes as Drug Carriers of Geranylgeraniol to Counteract the Effect of Zoledronate

To counteract the effect of zoledronate and decrease the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) development in patients undergoing guided bone regeneration surgery, the use of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) has been proposed. Collagen membranes may act as biomimetical drug carriers. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of collagen-based membranes doped with GGOH to revert the negative impact of zoledronate on the growth and differentiation of human osteoblasts. MG-63 cells were cultured on collagen membranes. Two groups were established: (1) undoped membranes and (2) membranes doped with geranylgeraniol. Osteoblasts were cultured with or without zoledronate (50 μM). Cell proliferation was evaluated at 48 h using the MTT colorimetric method. Differentiation was tested by staining mineralization nodules with alizarin red and by gene expression analysis of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 (BMP-2 and BMP-7), type I collagen (Col-I), osterix (OSX), osteocalcin (OSC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor for RANK (RANKL), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptors (TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, and TGF-βR3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni tests were applied (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were also performed. Treatment of osteoblasts with 50 μM zoledronate produced a significant decrease in cell proliferation, mineralization capacity, and gene expression of several differentiation markers if compared to the control (p < 0.001). When osteoblasts were treated with zoledronate and cultured on GGOH-doped membranes, these variables were, in general, similar to the control group (p > 0.05). GGOH applied on collagen membranes is able to reverse the negative impact of zoledronate on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression of different osteoblasts’ markers.Grant PID2020-114694RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI 10.13039/501100011033FPU of Ministry of Universities [grant FPU20/00450

Effect of the most common wound antiseptics on human skin fibroblasts

Background. Antiseptics are used for the cleansing of acute or chronic wounds to eliminate micro-organisms from the wound bed. However, they have effects on the skin cells. Aim. To determine the effects of hexetidine, povidone–iodine (PI), undecylenamidopropyl-betaine/polyhexanide (UBP), chlorhexidine, disodium eosin and hydrogen peroxide on human skin fibroblasts. Methods. CCD-1064Sk cells were treated with hexetidine, PI, UBP, chlorhexidine, disodium eosin or hydrogen peroxide. Spectrophotometry was used to measure cell viability and flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis and necrosis after the treat- ment. In vitro wound scratch assays were performed to determine the gap closure. Results. All antiseptics significantly reduced the viability of human skin fibroblasts compared with controls. The percentage wound closure was lower with hexetidine, PI and UBP. The scratch assay could not be measured after treatments with chlorhexidine, disodium eosin or hydrogen peroxide, owing to their cytotoxicity. The apoptosis/necrosis experiments evidenced a significant reduction in viable cells com- pared with controls. An increased percentage of apoptotic cells was observed after treatment with all antiseptics. Compared with controls, the percentage of necrotic cells was significantly increased with all antiseptics except for hexetidine. Conclusion. The proliferation, migration and viability of human skin fibroblasts are reduced by treatment with hexetidine, PI, UBP, chlorhexidine, disodium eosin and hydrogen peroxide.This research received funding for open access charge from the University of Granada/CBUA