Detección de huevos de Toxocara sp. en suelos de las plazas y parques públicos de la zona centro de Barquisimeto, estado Lara

This work is the continuation of a research line started in 2012 and aimed to investigate the zoonotic potential of microorganisms found in public areas; results of soil analysis of public places are presented, this time from south-central area of Barquisimeto, Lara state, in search of Toxocara sp, a potentially zoonotic parasite. This new development was due to the need to know the reality of that area to make comparative inferences based on the previously obtained results, considering that the current socio-economic situation has affected the amount of dogs that are abandoned. As it was mentioned in the first investigation, the most vulnerable age group is children between two and six years old; so the existence of favorable conditions for the presentation of this disease is a public health problem. This time, it was sampled 6 of the existing 12 public places in city downtown's south area, where sampling elements of soil was taken to form a pool of samples in each site; each sampling element parasitologically analyzed showed the existence of Toxocara eggs, representing a 100% of parasitic contamination. These results demonstrate the wide spread of Toxocara, a parasite with zoonotic potential, in this city area; thus, it's justi-fied the continuation of this research in other city areas. Finally, there was a contribution of information materials about zoonotic diseases as much as aware-ness of good practices of pets' ownership to foment civic education that pro-mote quality of life for all

Enteroparasites paper money circulating in the shaft Barquisimeto-Cabudare, Lara State, Venezuela.

A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out to examine the enteroparasite contamination of 300 banknotes of the six denominations that circulate in the Barquisimeto-Cabudare urban axis (2,5,10,20,50 and 100 BsF), through the washing of each with 100 ml of water with 20% Tween 20 for 5 minutes each side and with the aid of a sterile brush, this volume was placed in two, plastic centrifuge tubes (clean) allowed to decant for two hours , Then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to observe the pellet  with saline and lugol with 100X and 400X magnification. An abundance of enteroparasites was obtained in contaminated banknotes of 29% (87/300), with a diversity of four taxa. Blastocystis sp. (68 of 87 contaminated), Endolimax nana (16/87), Giardia sp. (2/87) and Entamoeba coli (1/87); Banknotes with less denomination were more contaminated than those with the highest denomination and 96,6% of the contaminated banknotes were dirty, while only 3,4% of the contaminated banknotes were clean or new banknotes. No helminth eggs were observed. It is concluded that tickets in this area are an important element (fomites) in the direct transmission of intestinal protozoa from one person to another

Enteroparásitos en papel moneda que circula en el eje Barquisimeto-Cabudare del estado Lara, Venezuela

A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out to examine the enteroparasite contamination of 300 banknotes of the six denominations that circulate in the Barquisimeto-Cabudare urban axis (2,5,10,20,50 and 100 BsF), through the washing of each with 100 ml of water with 20% Tween 20 for 5 minutes each side and with the aid of a sterile brush, this volume was placed in two, plastic centrifuge tubes (clean) allowed to decant for two hours , Then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to observe the pellet  with saline and lugol with 100X and 400X magnification. An abundance of enteroparasites was obtained in contaminated banknotes of 29% (87/300), with a diversity of four taxa. Blastocystis sp. (68 of 87 contaminated), Endolimax nana (16/87), Giardia sp. (2/87) and Entamoeba coli (1/87); Banknotes with less denomination were more contaminated than those with the highest denomination and 96,6% of the contaminated banknotes were dirty, while only 3,4% of the contaminated banknotes were clean or new banknotes. No helminth eggs were observed. It is concluded that tickets in this area are an important element (fomites) in the direct transmission of intestinal protozoa from one person to another.Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se examinó la contaminación enteroparasitaria de 300 billetes de las seis denominaciones que circulan en el eje urbano Barquisimeto-Cabudare (2,5,10,20,50 y 100 BsF), a través del lavado de cada uno, con 100 ml de agua con Tween 20 al 20%, por 5 minutos cada lado y con la ayuda de un cepillo estéril, este volumen era colocado en dos tubos de centrífuga de plástico (limpios), se dejaban decantar durante dos horas, para posteriormente centrifugarlos a 3000 rpm, por 10 minutos, para observar el sedimento (pellet) en directo con solución salina y lugol con aumento de 100X y 400X. Consiguiéndose una abundancia de enteroparásitos en billetes contaminados del 29% (87/300), con una diversidad de cuatro taxones. Blastocystis sp.(68 de 87contaminados), Endolimax nana (16/87,), Giardia sp. (2/87) y Entamoeba coli (1/87);  los billetes de menos denominación estuvieron más contaminados que los de mayor denominación y el 96,6% de los billetescontaminados fueron sucios, mientras que solo el 3,4% de los contaminados eran billeteslimpioso nuevos. No se observaron huevos de helmintos. Se concluye que los billetes en esta zona son un elemento importante (fómites) en la transmisión directa de protozoarios intestinales de una persona a otra

Detección de huevos de Toxocara sp. en suelos de las plazas y parques públicos de la zona centro de Barquisimeto, estado Lara

This work is the continuation of a research line started in 2012 and aimed to investigate the zoonotic potential of microorganisms found in public areas; results of soil analysis of public places are presented, this time from south-central area of Barquisimeto, Lara state, in search of Toxocara sp, a potentially zoonotic parasite. This new development was due to the need to know the reality of that area to make comparative inferences based on the previously obtained results, considering that the current socio-economic situation has affected the amount of dogs that are abandoned. As it was mentioned in the first investigation, the most vulnerable age group is children between two and six years old; so the existence of favorable conditions for the presentation of this disease is a public health problem. This time, it was sampled 6 of the existing 12 public places in city downtown's south area, where sampling elements of soil was taken to form a pool of samples in each site; each sampling element parasitologically analyzed showed the existence of Toxocara eggs, representing a 100% of parasitic contamination. These results demonstrate the wide spread of Toxocara, a parasite with zoonotic potential, in this city area; thus, it's justi-fied the continuation of this research in other city areas. Finally, there was a contribution of information materials about zoonotic diseases as much as aware-ness of good practices of pets' ownership to foment civic education that pro-mote quality of life for all

Presencia de moluscos del género Lymnaea, hospedadores intermediarios de Fasciola Hepatica, en el Parque Recreacional "Los Arroyos" en el municipio Agua Blanca del Estado Portuguesa

Report of the presence of mollusks of the kind Lymnaea belonging to the family Lymnaeidae, in the Park Recreacional Los Arroyos in the municipality Agua Blanca of the Portuguesa state. Being important this one finding since in the same one the public resort exists Los Arroyos that there understands the gully of the same name, which is formed by the river mouth of the river Agua Blanca, which is born in the south flank of the hill El Chivato, in the rows of El Torrellero; waters that come up to the accession of Las Majaguas. These mollusks are recognized in Venezuela for being intermediary hosts of hepatic Fasciola, trematodo person in charge of causing fasciolosis hepatic both in animals and in human beings. The finding of evolutionary forms of the parasite so much inside the mollusks as in the water where they were contained, ignites a sanitary alert since a latent risk represents for the suffering of fasciolosis hepatic for the bathers or for the persons that the persons who have to well the utilization of this water.Se reporta la presencia de moluscos del género Lymnaea pertenecientes a la familia Lymnaeidae, en el Parque Recreacional Los Arroyos en el municipio Agua Blanca del estado Portuguesa. Siendo importante éste hallazgo ya que en parque recreacional Los Arroyos existe un balneario público, formado por la quebrada del mismo nombre, la cual es formada por la desembocadura del río Agua Blanca, el cuál nace en el flanco sur del cerro El Chivato, en las filas de El Torrellero; aguas que llegan hasta el Asentamiento de Las Majaguas. Los moluscos encontrados son reconocidos en Venezuela por ser hospedadores intermediarios de Fasciola hepatica, trematodo responsable de causar fasciolosis hepática tanto en animales como en humanos. El hallazgo de formas evolutivas del parásito, llama la atención sanitaria ya que representa un riesgo latente para el padecimiento de fasciolosis hepatica para los bañistas o para las personas que las personas que tienen a bien la utilización de esta agua, así como para los animales que de ella toman

Detección de enteroparásitos en lechugas que se comercializan en el estado Lara, Venezuela

Background: In recent years enteroparasitosis have had a considerable increase due to several factors, among which stands out the inadequate environmental sanitation and drinking water shortages, which produce wastewater reuse by farmers, becoming one of the factors of contamination for a variety of foods, including vegetables, which when consumed in raw mostly, is an important element in the transmission of enteric and other disease-causing agents. Objective: To identify enteric contamination in lettuce. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, which analyzed the samples by the technique of Alvarez, et al., amended by Traviezo, et al., from 67 outlets of the 9 municipalities of Lara state, Venezuela. Results: There were 11 species of intestinal parasites, namely: Blastocystis sp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, Chilomastix mesnili, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma sp., and Strongyloides sp., the most frequent Strongyloides sp. and Blastocystis sp., 9 and 8 respectively contaminated samples. The municipalities with the highest percentage of contaminated lettuce were Urdaneta (71%), Jimenez (60%) and Torres (60%) and those with higher parasite diversity were Moran, Crespo and Andres Eloy Blanco with fi ve species each. Conclusion: It supports the need for pre-washing before consumption of vegetables. They are rich in minerals and vitamins, therefore they are necessary for good nutrition.Introdução: Nos últimos anos as enteroparasitoses tiveram um aumento considerável devido a diferentes fatores, entre os quais se destaca o inadequado saneamento ambiental e a escassez de água potável, que afetam na reutilização de águas residuais por parte dos agricultores, tornando-se num dos fatores de contaminação de vários alimentos, incluindo os vegetais, que, quando consumidos em cru em sua maioria, são um elemento importante na transmissão de parasitos e de outros agentes causadores de doenças. Objetivo: Identifi car a contaminação por enteroparasitoses em alfaces. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal onde se analisaram as amostras obtidas, pela técnica de Alvarez, et al., alterada por Traviezo, et al., proveniente de 67 pontos de vendas dos 9 municípios do estado de Lara, na Venezuela. Resultados: Foram encontradas 11 espécies de parasitas intestinais, a saber: Blastocystis sp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/E. Dispar, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, Chilomastix mesnili, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma sp., e Strongyloides sp., sendo os mais freqüentes Strongyloides sp. e Blastocystis sp., com 9 e 8 amostras contaminadas respectivamente. Os municípios com o maior percentual de alfaces contaminadas foram Urdaneta (71%), Jimenez (60%) e Torres (60%) e aqueles que apresentaram maior diversidade de parasitas foram Morán, Crespo y Andrés Eloy Blanco, com cinco espécies cada um. Conclusão: Confi rma-se a necessidade de pré-lavagem antes do consumo de hortaliças ricas em minerais e vitaminas, que são necessárias para uma boa nutrição.Introducción: En los últimos años las enteroparasitosis han tenido un incremento considerable, debido a distintos factores, entre los que se destaca el inadecuado saneamiento ambiental y el défi cit de agua potable, los cuales repercuten en la reutilización de aguas residuales por parte de los agricultores, llegando a ser uno de los factores de la contaminación de distintos alimentos, entre ellos las hortalizas, que al ser consumidas en su mayoría crudas, constituye un importante elemento en la transmisión de enteroparásitos y otros agentes causantes de enfermedades. Objetivo: Identifi car la contaminación por enteroparásitos en lechugas. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, donde se analizaron las muestras a través de la técnica de Álvarez, et al., modifi cada por Traviezo, et al., provenientes de 67 expendios de los 9 municipios del estado Lara, Venezuela. Resultados: Se encontraron 11 especies de enteroparásitos, a saber: Blastocystis sp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, Chilomastix mesnili, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma sp., y Strongyloides sp., siendo los más frecuente Strongyloides sp. y Blastocystis sp., con 9 y 8 muestras contaminadas respectivamente. Los municipios con mayor porcentaje de lechugas contaminadas fueron Urdaneta (71%), Jiménez (60%) y Torres (60%) y los que presentaron mayor diversidad de parásitos contaminando fueron Morán, Crespo y Andrés Eloy Blanco con cinco especies cada uno. Conclusión: Se sustenta la necesidad del lavado previo antes de su consumo, de estás hortalizas ricas en minerales y vitaminas, las cuales son necesarias para una buena alimentación

Enteroparásitos en papel moneda que circula en el eje Barquisimeto-Cabudare del estado Lara, Venezuela

Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se examinó la contaminación enteroparasitaria de 300 billetes de las seis denominaciones que circulan en el eje urbano Barquisimeto-Cabudare (2,5,10,20,50 y 100 BsF), a través del lavado de cada uno, con 100 ml de agua con Tween 20 al 20%, por 5 minutos cada lado y con la ayuda de un cepillo estéril, este volumen era colocado en dos tubos de centrífuga de plástico (limpios), se dejaban decantar durante dos horas, para posteriormente centrifugarlos a 3000 rpm, por 10 minutos, para observar el sedimento (pellet) en directo con solución salina y lugol con aumento de 100X y 400X. Consiguiéndose una abundancia de enteroparásitos en billetes contaminados del 29% (87/300), con una diversidad de cuatro taxones. Blastocystis sp.(68 de 87contaminados), Endolimax nana (16/87,), Giardia sp. (2/87) y Entamoeba coli (1/87);  los billetes de menos denominación estuvieron más contaminados que los de mayor denominación y el 96,6% de los billetescontaminados fueron sucios, mientras que solo el 3,4% de los contaminados eran billeteslimpioso nuevos. No se observaron huevos de helmintos. Se concluye que los billetes en esta zona son un elemento importante (fómites) en la transmisión directa de protozoarios intestinales de una persona a otra

Frecuencia de Blastocystis hominis y factores de riesgo en escolares de la parroquia el Cuji. Estado Lara

We determined the frequency of intestinal parasites and risk factors in school children of the parish Cuji, Barquisimeto, Lara State, from march to september 2011, students were distributed according to the presence and type of parasitism, sex, age, socioeconomic status, use of water and salads also investigated the water contamination and the lettuce purchased by the community. We performed a cross-sectional study with 232 students, selected by simple probability sampling. Informed consent, the representatives held a survey related to the objectives and requested a stool sample for analysis by direct examination with saline, iodine, and Kato, Quensel. Were parasitized 36.6% of those tested, being more frequent in children of 12 years (16.5%) and predominantly in females (57.6%) The most frequent species was Blastocystis hominis with 68.2%. Parasites, 71.8% were monoparasitism, 72.9% belonged to Stratum IV as Graffar, and 69.4% consumed raw salads. Only 20% were contaminated lettuce. There was no difference with respect to non-parasitized according to socioeconomic status, water consumption and raw salads, perhaps due to the homogeneity of these risk factors in this community. But highlights the high prevalence of protozoa and the high frequency of monoparasitism. The findings of this research will open the way for future studies and the creation of educational and preventive programs.Se determinó la frecuencia de enteroparásitos y factores de riesgo en escolares de la parroquia El Cují, Barquisimeto, estado Lara, entre marzo - septiembre 2011, los estudiantes fueron distribuidos según la presencia y tipo de parasitosis, sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico, consumo de agua y de ensaladas crudas, asimismo se investigó la contaminación del agua y de las lechugas adquiridas por la comunidad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con 232 alumnos, seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico simple. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizó a los representantes una encuesta relacionada con los objetivos y se solicitó una muestra de heces para análisis por examen directo con solución salina, lugol, Quensel y Kato. Resultaron parasitados 36,6% de los analizados, siendo más frecuente en niños de 12 años (16,5%) y predominando en las hembras (57,6%). La especie más frecuente fue Blastocystis hominis con un 68,2%. De los parasitados, 71,8% estaban monoparasitados, 72,9% pertenecían al estrato IV según Graffar, y el 69,4% consumían ensaladas crudas. Sólo 20% de las lechugas estaban contaminadas. No hubo diferencia con respecto a los no parasitados según el nivel socioeconómico, consumo de agua y de ensaladas crudas, quizás debido a la homogeneidad de estos factores de riesgo en dicha comunidad. Sin embargo resalta la alta prevalencia de protozoos y la alta frecuencia de monoparasitados. Los hallazgos de ésta investigación abrirán paso a futuros estudios y a la creación de programas educativos y preventivos

Enteroparásitos en papel moneda que circula en el eje Barquisimeto-Cabudare del estado Lara, Venezuela

A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out to examine the enteroparasite contamination of 300 banknotes of the six denominations that circulate in the Barquisimeto-Cabudare urban axis (2,5,10,20,50 and 100 BsF), through the washing of each with 100 ml of water with 20% Tween 20 for 5 minutes each side and with the aid of a sterile brush, this volume was placed in two, plastic centrifuge tubes (clean) allowed to decant for two hours , Then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to observe the pellet  with saline and lugol with 100X and 400X magnification. An abundance of enteroparasites was obtained in contaminated banknotes of 29% (87/300), with a diversity of four taxa. Blastocystis sp. (68 of 87 contaminated), Endolimax nana (16/87), Giardia sp. (2/87) and Entamoeba coli (1/87); Banknotes with less denomination were more contaminated than those with the highest denomination and 96,6% of the contaminated banknotes were dirty, while only 3,4% of the contaminated banknotes were clean or new banknotes. No helminth eggs were observed. It is concluded that tickets in this area are an important element (fomites) in the direct transmission of intestinal protozoa from one person to another.Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se examinó la contaminación enteroparasitaria de 300 billetes de las seis denominaciones que circulan en el eje urbano Barquisimeto-Cabudare (2,5,10,20,50 y 100 BsF), a través del lavado de cada uno, con 100 ml de agua con Tween 20 al 20%, por 5 minutos cada lado y con la ayuda de un cepillo estéril, este volumen era colocado en dos tubos de centrífuga de plástico (limpios), se dejaban decantar durante dos horas, para posteriormente centrifugarlos a 3000 rpm, por 10 minutos, para observar el sedimento (pellet) en directo con solución salina y lugol con aumento de 100X y 400X. Consiguiéndose una abundancia de enteroparásitos en billetes contaminados del 29% (87/300), con una diversidad de cuatro taxones. Blastocystis sp.(68 de 87contaminados), Endolimax nana (16/87,), Giardia sp. (2/87) y Entamoeba coli (1/87);  los billetes de menos denominación estuvieron más contaminados que los de mayor denominación y el 96,6% de los billetescontaminados fueron sucios, mientras que solo el 3,4% de los contaminados eran billeteslimpioso nuevos. No se observaron huevos de helmintos. Se concluye que los billetes en esta zona son un elemento importante (fómites) en la transmisión directa de protozoarios intestinales de una persona a otra