Luther\u27s Attitude Toward Religious Toleration in Light of his Two Kingdom Doctrine

The purpose of the treatise is not simply to list the inconsistencies or contradictions that may exist in Luther\u27s attitudes toward religious toleration (though at times it will become important to come to grips with these variances). No, the real challenge and goal is to uncover Luther’s rationale, if possible, which determines his relations with those he opposes. In other words, it is the attempt to find that consistency or loyalty to principle that will clarify the all too apparent inconsistencies

Global Patterns of Terrestrial Biological Nitrogen (N2) Fixation in Natural Ecosystems

Human activities have clearly caused dramatic alterations of the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, and analyses of the extent and effects of such changes are now common in the scientific literature. However, any attempt to evaluate N cycling processes within ecosystems, as well as anthropogenic influences on the N cycle, requires an understanding of the magnitude of inputs via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Although there have been many studies addressing the microbiology, physiology, and magnitude of N fixation at local scales, there are very few estimates of BNF over large scales. We utilized \u3e100 preexisting published estimates of BNF to generate biome- and global-level estimates of biological N fixation. We also used net primary productivity (NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) estimates from the Century terrestrial ecosystem model to examine global relationships between these variables and BNF as well as to compare observed and Century-modeled BNF. Our data-based estimates showed a strong positive relationship between ecosystem ET and BNF, and our analyses suggest that while the model\u27s simple relationships for BNF predict broad scale patterns, they do not capture much of the variability or magnitude of published rates. Patterns of BNF were also similar to patterns of ecosystem NPP. Our “best estimate” of potential nitrogen fixation by natural ecosystems is ∼195 Tg N yr−1, with a range of 100–290 Tg N yr−1. Although these estimates do not account for the decrease in natural N fixation due to cultivation, this would not dramatically alter our estimate, as the greatest reductions in area have occurred in systems characterized by relatively low rates of N fixation (e.g., grasslands). Although our estimate of BNF in natural ecosystems is similar to previously published estimates of terrestrial BNF, we believe that this study provides a more documented, constrained estimate of this important flux

017. 10-1-80

Chapel Sermon by Kevin Elseroad on Wednesday, October 1, 1980

THE EFFECT OF A PROGRAM OF PORTABLE ELECTRONIC PIANO KEYBOARD EXPERIENCE ON THE ACQUISITION OF SIGHT-SINGING SKILL IN THE NOVICE HIGH SCHOOL CHORUS

The problem was to determine whether a method of aural and visual vocal training that included a program of portable electronic piano keyboard experience would be more effective in teaching sight-singing skills to novice high school chorus students than a method that included only aural and visual vocal training. A sub-problem was to determine whether novice chorus students enjoyed playing electronic keyboards in chorus as a reinforcement experience in sight-singing training. Students were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, tested with the Musical Aptitude Profile, Tonal Imagery, part A, and then trained separately. The experimental group sang repetitions of melodic patterns and utilized techniques associated with the Kodály Method while simultaneously playing keyboard. The comparison group received a similar treatment without using keyboards. The students were pre- and post-tested in sight-singing using the Vocal Sight-Reading Inventory. Results of the Analysis of Covariance using MAP scores as the covariate revealed no significant difference (p<.05) between post-test scores of the two groups. Improvement was noted in 96% of students from pre-test to post-test regardless of grouping. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant relationship (p<.006) between aptitude group and post-test score. High aptitude students in both groups were found to benefit more from the training than low aptitude students. High aptitude keyboard group students achieved an average gain score that was 8.67 points higher than the comparison group. Of the total experimental group, 92% enjoyed playing keyboards in chorus. It is recommended that future research be undertaken to study the use of keyboards with advanced high school choruses and with uncertain singers in the high school chorus. Research is also needed to develop graded, valid, and reliable sight-singing tests for use in high school chorus. Techniques of the Kodály Method should be further investigated for use in high school sight-singing training

Can Imazapic Increase Native Species Abundance in Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) Invaded Native Plant Communities?

Native plant communities invaded by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) are at risk of unnatural high intensity fires and conversion to cheatgrass monocultures. Management strategies that reduce cheatgrass abundance may potentially allow native species to expand and minimize further cheatgrass invasion. We tested whether the selective herbicide imazapic is effective in reducing cheatgrass and ‘‘releasing’’ native species in a semiarid grassland and shrub steppe in north-central Oregon. The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with two treatments (sprayed with 70 g ai ha-1 of imazapic and unsprayed) and three replicates of each treatment applied to either 2.5 or 4 ha plots. We repeated this experiment in three different sites dominated by the following native species: 1) bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Löve ssp. spicata) and needle and thread (Hesperostipa comata [Trin. Rupr.] Barkworth), 2) needle and thread and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl), and 3) big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.). Nested frequency of all plant species in 1-m2 quadrats was collected for 1 yr pretreatment and 4 yr posttreatment. In all three sites, cheatgrass frequencies were significantly lower in sprayed plots than unsprayed plots for 3-4 yr posttreatment (P<0.1). Other annual plant species were also impacted by imazapic, but the effects were highly variable by species and site. Only two native perennial species, hoary tansyaster (Machaeranthera canescens [Pursh] Gray) and big sagebrush, increased in sprayed plots, and increases occurred only at two sites. These results suggest that a short-term reduction in cheatgrass alone is not an effective strategy for increasing the abundance of most native perennial plant species.The Rangeland Ecology & Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Discover America: a new mission field

Convocation recorded on April 1, 1992, Concordia Seminary, St. Louis. Four pastors speak on various topics of mission ministry

Saving children’s lives: The Botnar Child Road Safety Challenge

Addressing the epidemic of children killed and injured on the world’s roads is a priority for the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) – a public-private membership-based global road safety organisation – hosted by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, based in Geneva, Switzerland. GRSP recently partnered with the Fondation Botnar – a Swiss-based charitable foundation established in 2003 which focuses on child health and well-being around the world – to implement practical, innovative and evidence-based interventions in medium-sized cities in six countries (India, Mexico, Romania, South Africa, Tunisia and Vietnam) through the Botnar Child Road Safety Challenge (“The Challenge”). This multimillion Swiss Franc project was launched by GRSP in August 2017 and aims to reduce child injuries and deaths in the six countries over 5 years using innovative and evidence-based interventions. The Challenge is timely in seeking to build on the growing global recognition of population shifts to urban areas and the impact of urbanization on public health. The Challenge also sees cities – particularly secondary cities – as great potential agents of change and incubators for innovation. It recognises the importance of multi-sector collaboration and strongly encourages public, private, and civil society sectors to work together to improve child road safety. Monitoring &amp; evaluation is being undertaken by The George Institute, Oxford University

Saving children’s lives: The Botnar Child Road Safety Challenge

Addressing the epidemic of children killed and injured on the world’s roads is a priority for the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) – a public-private membership-based global road safety organisation – hosted by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, based in Geneva, Switzerland. GRSP recently partnered with the Fondation Botnar – a Swiss-based charitable foundation established in 2003 which focuses on child health and well-being around the world – to implement practical, innovative and evidence-based interventions in medium-sized cities in six countries (India, Mexico, Romania, South Africa, Tunisia and Vietnam) through the Botnar Child Road Safety Challenge (“The Challenge”). This multimillion Swiss Franc project was launched by GRSP in August 2017 and aims to reduce child injuries and deaths in the six countries over 5 years using innovative and evidence-based interventions. The Challenge is timely in seeking to build on the growing global recognition of population shifts to urban areas and the impact of urbanization on public health. The Challenge also sees cities – particularly secondary cities – as great potential agents of change and incubators for innovation. It recognises the importance of multi-sector collaboration and strongly encourages public, private, and civil society sectors to work together to improve child road safety. Monitoring &amp; evaluation is being undertaken by The George Institute, Oxford University