Green TFP Intensity Impact on Sustainable East Asian Productivity Growth (Elsadig Musa Ahmed)

This study aims at assessing the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) per unit of worker (intensity) emissions growth on productivity growth on selected 5 countries of Association of Southeast Asian Nations, (ASEAN5), Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, plus 3 East Asian Countries (China, Japan and South Korea). The results show that there was difference in the contribution of labour productivity, capital deepening and CO2 intensity emissions whether CO2 intensity emissions was included or not in the model. There were, however differences in the growth rates of total factor productivity (TFP) intensity growth. Moreover, a significant decline in the growth rates of TFP intensity growth was observed during the entire period of the study and sub periods, when CO2 intensity emissions variable was internalised in the model. The CO2 intensity emissions had impacted the productivity growth through the declining contribution of green TFP intensity growth in comparison with conventionally calculatedASEAN-5 plus 3; CO2 intensity emissions; green TFP intensity; productivity growth.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF FOOD MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN MALAYSIA

This study attempts to fill the gap of extensive growth theory model by providing statistical analysis in a parametric form that removed the doubts in the results generated. Using this model, the factors affecting the output growth in the food industries were identified in this study to be the individual contributions of capital, labour, material as well as the combined contributions of the quality of these inputs, which were expressed as the total factor productivity (TFP) growthMalaysian food industry, productivity performance, total factor productivity

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INTENSITY EFFECTS ON TFP INTENSITY OF ASEAN 5 PLUS 2

This study aims to investigate the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) intensity through decomposition of labour productivity growth into contributions of capital deepening, increased usage of foreign direct investment (FDI) intensity, and the simultaneous contribution of the quality of these factors. This has expressed as the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) intensity growth in achieving productivity driven growth in ASEAN 5 (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) plus 2 (China and South Korea). This study claims to fill in the gaps of previous studies by developing applications of intensive growth theory and introducing the TFP intensity (TFP per unit of labour). The results show that the productivity growth of ASEAN 5 plus China and South Korea is input driven, however, South Korean Model has constructed companies such as Daewoo, Samsung and LG that competed globally. The study also finds that the impact of FDI intensity is positive with slight contribution to TFP intensity growth.ASEAN 5 Plus 2, FDI Intensity, TFP Intensity, Input-Driven

Measuring the effects of labour productivity on ASEAN5 plus 3 economic growth

This paper analyses the effects of labour productivity, capital deepening and total factor productivity (TFP) intensity in ASEAN5 (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) plus 3 (China, Japan and South Korea). The results of this study show that there was slight contribution of the TFP intensity to the economic growth of these countries during the periods of the study. The results also confirm that capital intensity had a strongly significant role in achieving light labour productivity contribution that had been produced by most of these economies through using huge inputs (such as physical, capital and labour) to produce outputs. The results show that the productivity growth of most of these countries is input driven, however, the South Korean model is moving to be a productivity driven; Japan is productivity driven as the only Asian nation that joined the industrial club which is dominated by Western nations.ASEAN5 plus 3, input driven, TFP intensity, labour productivity, capital deepening. JEL classification: E23; C22

Productivity and Performance of Malaysian Food Manufacturing Industry

Although the productivity growth and performance of the food manufacturing industry has improved in the recent years, the industry is still behind the other manufacturing industries, specifically the non-resource based industry such as the electronics and electrical industries after the structural transformation took place in Malaysian economy in 1987. The manufacturing industry sector becomes as an engine of growth instead of the agricultural sector. There is imbalance growth between the food manufacturing industry and the other manufacturing industries, in terms of its contribution to the output growth, value added, employment generation, exports, imports and the investment opportunities. The analysis of the food manufacturing sector showed a characteristic low productivity and inefficiency problem through analysis of the food manufacturing sector. In this study autoregression estimator was employed to estimate the sources of productivity growth in 28 food manufacturing industries in Malaysia for the time series data from 1 970-1 993 obtained from the department of statistics. Two models were generated from the production function. The first model is the decomposition of the output growth into the contribution of capital, increased usage of labour, material and total factor productivity growth. On the other hand, the second model is the decomposition of the labour productivity growth (output per worker) into the capital deepening (capital per worker), increasing usage of the material-labour ratio (material per worker) and total factor productivity growth. The study found that the output growth is contributing more than the labour productivity growth to the food manufacturing industry productivity in terms of the annual average growth rate of the food manufacturing industries. The contribution of the two indictors to the food manufacturing industry growth as the output of the two models during the study period were 11% and 1.8% respectively. The highest contribution in terms of annual average growth rate, of the output growth to the food manufacturing industry productivity growth was the contribution of total factor productivity growth (17%). For labour productivity growth, the highest contribution was the contribution of capital deepening (9.6%). The major sources of productivity growth of two indicators of the individual industries, are the spices and curry powder contributed 53% to labour productivity growth of overall food industries. The major source of productivity growth of output growth was the contribution of pineapple canning (23%)

The Effects Of Human Capital On Malaysias Maunfacturing Productivity Growth

The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of human capital on the productivity growth in Malaysias manufacturing sector. To achieve this, labour input was subdivided into skilled semi-skilled and unskilled. The study found that materials account for the largest cost component in the sector although shortages of skilled labour constitute a serious constraint on capital utilisation. In addition, the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) growth of the sector was generally found to be very low particularly during the second sub-period of 1987-2001. The improvement and slowdown of TFP contribution to manufacturing sector in terms of average annual growth rates were dependent on the inputs used in production, believed to be of low quality and insufficient

Modelling Digital Economy Implications on Long-Run Economic Development

This chapter develops frameworks and models to examine digital transformation into digital economies via digital technologies’ applications at both the macro and micro levels via both positive and negative externalities generated by digital technologies and pollutant emissions. A productivity mixed method approach has been developed based on the chapter modified frameworks and models to be employed at both the macro and micro levels to utilise the digital technology applications that will help in transforming digital economies to sustain their economic development. The study provided digital economy frameworks and policies to help in implementing digital transformation and to develop and use the new technologies needed for sustainable economic growth through technological progress, human capital skills development and environmental protection via green productivity technological progress. The study contributes to the knowledge body via proposed productivity mixed method frameworks and models that examine digitisation processes. The aggregate economies, industries, companies and other businesses will be provided with frameworks and guidelines to implement digital technologies’ applications that will help them to be transformed into digital sustainable economies. The most significant contribution of this study is treating digital technology cybersecurity negative externalities spill over effects similar to their negative externalities of pollutants’ emissions counterparts, besides developing capital productivity framework and model that were ignored in most of the studies

Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education (EE) through attitude toward behaviour (ATB), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioural control (PBC) on Entrepreneurial intention (EI) among University students in Nigeria. The study unit of analysis comprises of students from the three public universities in Kano State, Nigeria, namely, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano (YUMSUK), Bayero University Kano (BUK), and Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST) Wudil that participated in entrepreneurship education programme (EEP) in 2017/2018 academic session. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the 345 target respondents while correlation and regression analysis was used as the data analysis method to test the study hypotheses. The findings revealed that attitude toward behaviour (ATB) and subjective norm (SN) have a significant effect on EI while perceived behavioural control (PBC) has no significant effect on EI. The study suggests that university management should capitalize on EEP as a vehicle to improve student’s attitudes towards EI. The study contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of EE on EI among University students in Nigeria. The study is one of the few studies that was conducted in Northern Nigeria, particularly in the three public universities in Kano State. Thus, the findings of this study act as a strategic tool for university management to design their institutional policies in a way that captures an early phase of offering EEP to create knowledge of entrepreneurship for students in order to sharpen their attitude toward behaviour and subjective norm toward EI

Air pollutants in Malaysia : the contribution of economic growth towards it / Halimahton Borhan and Elsadig Musa Ahmed

It is possible to distinguish three main channels whereby income growth affects the quality of the environment as first suggested by Grossman (1995). These are (1) scale effect, (2) composition effect and (3) techn ologi cal pr ogr ess. A recent resear ch criticism by Cole (2003 and 2004) of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is based on the occurrence of foreign direct investment and international trade. In the previous EKC literature. EKC is always estimated in the form of a single equation. However, since both income and environmental quality are endogenous variables in which they impact upon each other, the estimation of single equation relationships where simultaneity exists will produce biased and inconsistent estimates. The general objective ofthis study is to measure the relationship between economic growth and different indicators ofair pollution in Malaysia. Air pollution indicators were assessed on a number of measures: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO). Nitrogen Dioxide (NO). Ozone (0) and Particulat e Matter (PM,). The income level per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) were measured from the year 1996 to 2006 quarterly. This study contributes to the available literature by Hung et al (2004) AND Shen (2006), This study also estimates population density as an endogenous variable. It formulates a four- equation simultaneous model for empirical research. It tests for exogeneity using the Hausman test and estimates the simultaneity model using the two-stages least squares method. The EKC hypothesis is supported in the cases ofso] and PM/oand there are several differences found between single polynomial equation estimators commonly used in EKC literatures and simultaneous equation estimators

The Malaysian Polypropylene Industry Outlook In Facing ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) Deregulation

The objective of this study is to focus specifically on the Malaysian polypropylene industry’s performance in order to further understand the current situation.  As the future of the plastics industry is becoming more competitive due to the uncertainties of the global economy, it is hoped that this study could help to assist the Malaysian polypropylene industry to understand the future potential challenges better.  Another aspect of the future challenges for the industry is the lifting of the trade barrier within the ASEAN countries.  By early 2003, the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) has imposed in the ASEAN regions and there will be little or no tariff at all between the ten ASEAN countries. Based on the survey’s results, the Malaysian polypropylene industry is still very much dependent on the domestic market.  The overall domestic market share commands about 60% of the total business.  The trend to expand the export market is still in progress and in line with the overall Malaysian plastics industry. At the moment, only the large polypropylene industries are very aggressive in capturing the export market.  If the current market segmentation of the overall industry is maintained, the AFTA deregulation could affect the future outlook of the industry as the alternative domestic market is not available in time in case of any penetration happens to this major market segment. As the small and medium polypropylene industries are very much dependent on the domestic market, they could be the first segment of the industry that would face the immediate effect or challenges of AFTA to the industry.