ISM In-Space Manufacturing

Develop and enable the technologies, materials, and processes required to provide affordable, sustainable on-demand manufacturing, recycling, and repair during Exploration Missions

Structural and Compositional Changes in the Upper Atmosphere Related to the PEDE‐2018 Dust Event on Mars as Observed by MAVEN NGIMS

The onset of the planet encircling dust event (PEDE‐2018) started around 1 June 2018 as observed by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/Mars Color Imager, peaking around 7–10 July and persisting through mid‐October 2018. After the onset of the event, the upper atmosphere underwent significant changes in density and thermal structures. Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution‐Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (MAVEN NGIMS) had a good opportunity to observe these changes from the first detection in the upper atmosphere and throughout the duration of the PEDE. The compositional changes included increased density at a constant altitude for CO2 and Ar, while the O decreased from the peak throughout the decay of the bulk of the PEDE.Plain Language SummaryFrom June through October 2018 Mars experienced a planet encircling dust event (PEDE‐2018), a fairly rare event last observed in 2007. The dust storm grew from a local event to cover the entire planet and was opaque enough that so little sunlight reached the surface that the solar‐powered opportunity rover ceased operations and all attempts to re‐establish contact with it were unsuccessful. Meanwhile, the orbiter Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) was able to observe changes in the upper atmosphere in the composition as a result of this globally extensive PEDE. MAVEN observed increases in both the CO2 and Ar while also observing an unexpected reduction in the O densities.Key PointsMAVEN/NGIMS observed increased of CO2 and Ar densities observed in the upper atmosphere corresponding to the peak of the dust eventUnexpected decrease in O densities in the upper atmosphere (160–250 km) was simultaneously observedComparisons between model and data results show good agreement with scale height and temperatures, further M‐GITM model revisions needed to capture circulation effectsPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154472/1/grl59716_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154472/2/grl59716.pd

Theory versus experiment for the rotordynamic coefficients of annular gas seals. Part 1: Test facility and apparatus

A facility and apparatus are described for determining the rotordynamic coefficients and leakage characteristics of annular gas seals. The apparatus has a current top speed of 8000 cpm with a nominal seal diameter of 15.24 cmn (6 in). The air supply unit yields a seal pressure ratio of approximately 7. An external shaker is used to excite the test rotor. The capability to independently calculate all rotordynamic coefficients at a given operating condition with one excitation frequency are discussed

Troglitazone, a PPAR-γ activator prevents endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte adhesion mediated by TNF-α

BACKGROUND: Cytokine mediated induction of the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1(MAdCAM-1) expression is associated with the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). RESULTS: Using western blotting and cell-based ELISA, we show in this study that troglitazone, an activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), widely used in the treatment of diabetes, has as well recently been highlighted as protective in models of inflammation and cancer. We found that troglitazone (10–40 μM), significantly reduced the TNF-α (1 ng/ml) mediated induction of endothelial MAdCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner, achieving a 34.7% to 98.4% reduction in induced MAdCAM-1. Trogliazone (20μM) reduced TNF-α induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. Moreover, troglitazone significantly reduced α4β7-integrin dependent lymphocyte adhesion to TNF-α cultured endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPAR-γ agonists like troglitazone may be useful in the clinical treatment of IBD

HYDROGEN SULFIDE THERAPY ATTENUATES ISCHEMIA-INDUCED HEART FAILURE VIA NRF2 AND NRF1 SIGNALING

Codi d'Art Públic: 9008-1 (Cavalls desbocats)Ros Sabaté, Joaquim (Escultura); Batlle, Enric; Roig, Joa

Photoacoustic Experimental System To Confirm Infrared Absorption Due to Greenhouse Gases

An experimental system for detecting infrared absorption using the photoacoustic (PA) effect is described. It is aimed for use at high-school level to illustrate the difference in infrared (IR) absorption among the gases contained in the atmosphere in connection with the greenhouse effect. The experimental system can be built with readily available components and is suitable for small-group experiments. The PA signal from a greenhouse gas (GHG), such as CO2, H2O, and CH4, can be detected down to a concentration of 0.1%. Since the basic theory of the PA effect in gases due to IR absorption is straightforward, the experiments with this PA system are accessible to students. It can be shown that there is a significant difference in IR absorption between GHGs and the major components of the atmosphere, N2, O2, and Ar, which helps students understand that the minor components, that is, the GHGs, determine the IR absorptivity of the atmosphere

The Orbiting Astrophysical Spectrometer In Space (OASIS)

The Orbiting Astrophysical Observatory In Space (OASIS) is an Advanced Concept currently under study at NASA as a mission for the next decade. The goal of the OASIS mission is to identify a local site or sites where galactic cosmic rays (GCR) originate and are accelerated. The mission will also allow GCR data to be used to investigate how elements are made and distributed in the galaxy and to improve our understanding of supernovae and the nucleosynthesis of the heavy elements. OASIS consists of two instruments that provide complementary data on the location and nature of the source(s) through investigating the composition of ultra-heavy nuclei ( ) and the energy spectrum of electrons. In particular OASIS will measure the relative abundances in the actinide group ( ) to determine the age of the -process material in GCRs. The presence of young r-process material would indicate that GCRs are a sample of the interstellar medium in OB associations. OASIS will measure the electron spectrum to 10 TeV. The energy where this spectrum ends will tell us the distance to the nearest GCR source(s). OASIS will look for spectral features and anisotropy in the high energy electron spectrum that are expected to appear when only a few of the nearest astrophysical sources can contribute to the electron flux. Spectral features may also suggest dark matter decay products. We anticipate that these measurements will lead to the identification of the nearest cosmic ray electron source and provide a crucial test of the OB association model for the origin of GCR nuclei

Inferring Market Structure from Customer Response to Competing and Complementary Products

We consider customer influences on market structure, arguing that market structure should explain the extent to which any given set of market offerings are substitutes or complements. We describe recent additions to the market structure analysis literature and identify promising directions for new research in market structure analysis. Impressive advances in data collection, statistical methodology and information technology provide unique opportunities for researchers to build market structure tools that can assist “real-time” marketing decision-making.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46981/1/11002_2004_Article_5088105.pd