Teratogenesis

The world today is experiencing a period of rapid technological versatile. Unfortunately, this development has its negative consequences. Dumping in an atmosphere of chemical waste, except to other effects, not pass without consequences on human health and in particular in the period in which it is being formed and developed a future individual, i.e. during pregnancy. It is known that the first quarter of this period is sensitive because it is precisely this period in which take originated all the structures of the developing organism. Fall into contact with substances assigned in this period, resulting in serious consequences in the future of the individual to be born. In some cases turns out that the substances are considered as medications may have teratogenic effects. Some are known and are removed from use, some are under study, but may have also some widely used and that can be such.Keywords: teratogenic problems, malformations, toxicology, growth delay, cell death, etc.

Empathy Levels in Albanian Health Professional Students: An Explorative Analysis Using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy:

The study aims were to define the psychometric properties of the Albanian Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Health Professional Students' version, compare empathy levels among Albanian Health Professional students, and explore any relationship among students' characteristics and their empathy levels. To achieve these aims, a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. A preliminary exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the factor structure of the scale, while group comparisons of empathy scores were examined using t-test and ANOVA F-test. A total of 1,240 students were enrolled in the study. Psychometric properties of the scale were confirmed. Midwifery, physiotherapy, and female students showed higher levels of empathy than other groups. Similarly, third-year students showed higher empathy than first- and second-year students. Monitoring empathy levels is fundamental to the adoption of useful educational strategies by faculties to improve empathy skills in Health Professional students and guarantee better care of patients, especially those in need of psychological support

Teratogenesis

The world today is experiencing a period of rapid technological versatile. Unfortunately, this development has its negative consequences. Dumping in an atmosphere of chemical waste, except to other effects, not pass without consequences on human health and in particular in the period in which it is being formed and developed a future individual, i.e. during pregnancy. It is known that the first quarter of this period is sensitive because it is precisely this period in which take originated all the structures of the developing organism. Fall into contact with substances assigned in this period, resulting in serious consequences in the future of the individual to be born. In some cases turns out that the substances are considered as medications may have teratogenic effects. Some are known and are removed from use, some are under study, but may have also some widely used and that can be such.Keywords: teratogenic problems, malformations, toxicology, growth delay, cell death, etc.

Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Related Sepsis

A severe condition of sepsis can be a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can occur in premature infants and becomes a medical challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is a multifactorial intestinal disease (can affect both the small and large intestine) that can lead to ischemia of the intestinal tissues that evolves into acute organ necrosis. One of these factors is that different types of nutrition can influence the onset or the progression of the disease. Cow-milk-based infant formulas have been shown to cause it in premature infants more frequently than human milk. Recently, nutrition has been shown to be beneficial after surgery. Several issues still under study, such as the pathogenesis and the insufficient and often difficult therapeutic approach, as well as the lack of a common and effective prevention strategy, make this disease an enigma in daily clinical practice. Recent studies outlined the emerging role of the host immune system and resident gut microbiota, showing their close connection in NEC pathophysiology. In its initial stages, broad-spectrum antibiotics, bowel rest, and breastfeeding are currently used, as well as probiotics to help the development of the intestinal microbiota and its eubiosis. This paper aims to present the current knowledge and potential fields of research in NEC pathophysiology and therapeutic assessment