An Electroanalytical Instrument Equipped with Wireless Communication Network and Graphical User Interface for Real-time Monitoring Wastewater Status from Batik Industry / Mohammad Nizar Mohamed Zukri and Elmi Abu Bakar

Effluent discharge from the Batik Industries need to adapt the continuous monitoring system in order to cope with the growing economic. Non-invasive analytical instrument was designed in this work for real-time monitoring of wastewater status from batik factories. Compared with existing instrument, this instrument was simplified with wireless and portable, maximal convenient operator with aided Graphical User Interface, and can be applied for field work such as installing sensor at final discharge point. In this paper, a wireless instrument for determine conductivity, temperature and pH as an indicator for wastewater status was demonstrated and characterized. The synthetic solution was prepared for quality data references, data known and apply correction, robustness and interferences effect. The development of algorithm and mathematical formulation was established in order to obtain the directly measurement method for data acquisition and transmission. To demonstrate the performance of the instrument, the data comparison was made with the Inductive Couple Plasma (ICP-OES) for laboratory control sample. Finally, form the data analysis confirmed this instrument could provide wastewater status in Batik’s Effluent in a convenient and non-invasive manner, and simultaneously enhance the awareness of batik entrepreneurs regarding to environmental pollution issues

Numerical simulations of a CD nozzle and the influence of the duct length

A numerical method is used to observe the effect of microjets control on wall pressure spreading in sudden expansion two-dimensional planar duct. In order to find the microjet effectiveness 2-jets of 1 mm diameter orifice located precisely at 900 of intervals along a pitch-circle-distance (PCD) of 1.3 times the exit diameter of the nozzle in the base were employed to control actively. At the present study, the Mach number was used to calibrate the entry to duct was 2.2, and the area ratio of 2.56. The focus in this study and investigate the influence of length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of a suddenly expanded duct and its effect on the development of the flow field. Hence, to achieve this, the duct length has been varied from 2 to 10. Nozzles are producing such Mach numbers the experiments were performed operating at nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. The convergent-divergent nozzle geometry has been studied using the K-ε standard wall function turbulence model and independently check with the ANSYS software

Control of CD nozzle flow using microjets at Mach 2.1

This paper reports the outcome of the wind tunnel investigation performed to study the effectiveness of the control jets to regulate the base pressure in an abruptly expanded circular pipe. Tiny jets four in a number, of 1 mm orifice diameter located at ninety degrees in cross shape along a pitch circle diameter (PCD) of 1.3 as a control mechanism were employed. The Mach numbers and the area ratio of the study were 2.1, and 4.84. The length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of the duct tested was varied from 10 to 1. Nature of the flow in the duct, as well as static wall pressure distribution in the suddenly enlarged duct, was recorded. The main aim of this study was to assess the influence of the active control in the form of tiny jets on the flow field as well as the nature of the flow, and also the development of the flow in the duct. The results obtained in this study show that the flow field, as well as the wall pressure distribution, is not adversely influenced by the tiny jets. The minimum duct length seems to be 2D for NPR's in the range five and above. However, for all the level of expansion of the present study, the minimum duct length needed for the flow to remain attached seems to be 3D

IMMERSION ULTRASONIC INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR SMALL SCALED COMPOSITE SPECIMEN

ABSTRACT Ultrasonic testing is a common Non-Destructive Test (NDT) technique used especially in flaw detection for various material such as metal, plastic and composite. However, detecting flaw on a composite material is likely more difficult because of its non-homogenous characteristics. An ultrasonic scanning unit is developed in previous research focusing at the inspection on a composite material. In this paper, the improvement and modification to the system is revised and discussed in term of system configuration, specification, controls and also inspection results. The major improvement is made on the heart of the machine as the scanning mechanism is changed from using an air-coupled transducer to an immersion transducer. Current immersion transducer used is 2.25MHz which is highly recommended for a composite material. A combination of Arduino board and a self-developed graphical user interface (GUI) are used in order to control the position of the transducer and to run the inspection process. The data is acquired from pulse receiver to the computer for further data processing and interpretation. The machine is tested with fibre glass composite laminates (FGCL) sample with holes as artificial defect

A Study of 3D CAD Model and Feature Analysis for Casting Object

When dealing with computer vision inspection testing parts in production line, the appearance of noise such as dust and inconsistent light distribution should be consider for further analysis on the parts image. In this paper, shape representation model using feature vector and Fourier descriptor were presented on the 3D CAD model image with the aim to gain the shape feature analysis for casting object. By adding light and salt & pepper noise on the CAD model image, the predicted database was compared to its original CAD image. In feature vector method, calculation on its Similarity, Correlation, Matching black and white points was carried out. Results observation show similarity of feature vector method performs 68% accuracy for light noise appearance, while correlation method performs 98% accuracy on disturbance of salt & pepper noise. Fourier Descriptor used to present the pose estimation of images on CCW and CW direction. Result shows matching sets similarity is value high since the dissimilarity value keeps below 0.3 and achieve few similar points in certain position. Thus, it is sufficient for casting object by implementing feature vector method which were very useful in analyze the noise on the image while pose estimation position described by Fourier Descriptor function

Numerical investigation of mathematical non-dimensional constant representing smoothness in the Nusselt profile

Cooling of devices using air-jet and other fluid impingement has acquired pace in the manufacturing and electronic device industries. The cooling of the surface using liquid jets is studied using the Nusselt distribution profile. The pattern of the Nusselt profile becomes non-uniform when some parameters are wrongly selected. This may lead to heating of some locations instead of cooling of the surface. Thus research for keeping the Nusselt profile uniform is a primary task. The Nusselt profile depends mainly on the Reynolds number (Re) and nozzle-target spacing (Z/d). Therefore, the current study numerically evaluates the value of constant, which is a ratio of Reynolds number and nozzle-target spacing (C = Re/ (Z/d)) up to which the Nusselt profile remains uniform. The value of constant C is found to be 7400. Also, the present work uses a computational model for study, which is validated using grid independence test and turbulence modeling.The Research Creativity and Management Office, Universiti Saint Malaysiahttps://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/cfdl/indexpm2021Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Implementation of Parallel K-Means Algorithm to Estimate Adhesion Failure in Warm Mix Asphalt

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) are prepared at lower temperatures, making it more susceptible to moisture damage, which eventually leads to stripping due to the adhesion failure. Moreover, the assessment of the adhesion failure depends on the expertise of the investigator’s subjective visual assessment skills. Nowadays, image processing has gained popularity to address the inaccuracy of visual assessment. To attain high accuracy from image processing algorithms, the loss of pixels plays an essential role. In high-quality image samples, processing takes more execution time due to the greater resolution of the image. Therefore, the execution time of the image processing algorithm is also an essential aspect of quality. This manuscript proposes a parallel k means for image processing (PKIP) algorithm using multiprocessing and distributed computing to assess the adhesion failure in WMA and HMA samples subjected to three different moisture sensitivity tests (dry, one, and three freeze-thaw cycles) and fractured by indirect tensile test. For the proposed experiment, the number of clusters was chosen as ten (k = 10) based on k value and cost of k means function was computed to analyse the adhesion failure. The results showed that the PKIP algorithm decreases the execution time up to 30% to 46% if compared with the sequential k means algorithm when implemented using multiprocessing and distributed computing. In terms of results concerning adhesion failure, the WMA specimens subjected to a higher degree of moisture effect showed relatively lower adhesion failure compared to the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) samples when subjected to different levels of moisture sensitivity

Determination of non-recrystallization temperature for niobium microalloyed steel

In the present investigation, the non-recrystallization temperature (TNR) of niobium-micro alloyed steel is determined to plan rolling schedules for obtaining the desired properties of steel. The value of TNR is based on both alloying elements and deformation parameters. In the literature, TNR equations have been developed and utilized. However, each equation has certain limitations which constrain its applicability. This study was completed using laboratory-grade low-carbon Nbmicroalloyed steels designed to meet the API X-70 specification. Nbmicroalloyed steel is processed by the melting and casting process, and the composition is found by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Multiple-hit deformation tests were carried out on a Gleeble® 3500 system in the standard pocket-jaw configuration to determine TNR. Cuboidal specimens (10 (L) * 20 (W) *20 (T) mm3) were taken for compression test (multiple-hit deformation tests) in gleeble. Microstructure evolutions were carried out by using OM (optical microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The value of TNR determined for 0.1 wt.% niobium bearing micro-alloyed steel is ~ 951 �C. Nb- micro-alloyed steel rolled at TNR produce partially recrystallized grain with ferrite nucleation. Hence, to verify the TNR value, a rolling process is applied with the finishing rolling temperature near TNR (~951 �C). The microstructure is also revealed in the pancake shape, which confirms TNR

Study on Methods of Object Pose Measurement

豊橋技術科学大

Identification of river hydromorphological features using Viola-Jones algorithm

In this paper, a quadcopter equipped with a camera was used to capture images from a river. These captured images were used as training data in the detection program used to detect the hydromorphological features in the area of the river such as trees, roofs, roads and the shore. The Viola-Jones Algorithm was used in order to detect, identify and recognize hydromorphological features due to its speed and simplicity of implementation. Testing was done using different images to verify the effectiveness of detection. System evaluation and success of the appropriateness of the Viola-Jones Algorithm was determined using the percentage of correct detected features in the image. The study showed that the Viola-Jones has shown that it is effective in detecting some features due to the complexity of the hydromorphological images. © 2016 IEEE