Silodosin oral films: Development, physico-mechanical properties and in vitro dissolution studies in simulated saliva

Sublingual film dosage forms for drugs used for fast symptomatic treatment have promise because they allow a rapid onset of action. The aim of this study was to prepare films of silodosin intended for sublingual administration for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) were used as film-forming polymers. The effects of the polymers and the surfactant tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on the physico-mechanical properties and dissolution behavior of the films in simulated saliva were investigated. The eight silodosin oral films developed (F1–F8) contained 8 mg silodosin per 6 cm2 film and HPMC or HPMC-AS in drug:polymer ratios of 1:5 or 1:3, while four also contained TPGS (0.5% w/w). The films were characterized using DSC, TGA, SEM, and PXRD and the mechanical properties were investigated by measuring tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus. The mechanical properties of the films were dependent on the ratio of polymer used. The in vitro dissolution and drug release studies indicated that HPMC-AS films disintegrated more quickly than HPMC films. Silodosin was shown to be dispersed within the polymers. Despite silodosin being submicronized in the HPMC films, the dissolution and drug release rate (time for 80% release) from HPMC films was significantly faster than from HPMC-AS films. TPGS increased the drug release rate to a greater extent with HPMC than with HPMC-AS. The degree of saturation of formulation F4 was >1, which shows potential for improving oral absorption of silodosin.Peer reviewe

Egzaktno rješenje za valjkastu kvantnu točku s konačnim parabolnim potencijalom bez polja i s električnim poljem

The exact series solutions of finite parabolic potential disc-like quantum dot are given in the absence and presence of uniform applied electric field. We define some normalized parameters. From the complex eigenenergy E = E0 − iΓ/2, due to the electric field, we calculate the resonance width Γ of a bounded state. The ground and the first excited state of the electron and the hole are obtained with and without the electric field. The corresponding envelope functions are presented as a function of the disc dimensionality, radius R and half-width L.Izveli smo egzaktna rješenja u vidu nizova za kvantnu točku s parabolnim potencijalom, bez polja i s vanjskim električnim poljem. Definirali smo normirajuće parametre. Pomoću kompleksne svojstvene energije E = E0 − iΓ/2, uzrokovane električnim poljem, izračunali smo rezonantnu širinu Γ za vezana stanja. Osnovno i prvo više stanje elektrona i šupljine izveli smo bez polja i s električnim poljem. Odgovarajuće anvelopne funkcije predstavljamo u ovisnosti o veličini kvantne točke, polumjera R i poluširine L

The Political Economy of Private Media in Egypt

This thesis investigates the political economy of Egypt’s media system during the neoliberal transition that saw the beginnings of locally produced private broadcast outlets and the reintroduction of Egyptian private newspaper publications. It is an examination of power and capital for a sector that was at a distinctive intersection of political sensitivity and commercial promise. Privately-owned local television and print outlets burst onto the scene at the turn of the 21st century. For the following two decades, Egypt experienced the emergence of politically empowered businessmen amid a marked liberalization drive, followed by massive socio-political changes sparked by the Arab Spring, and then a return to an autocratic, military-led regime. Developments in Egypt’s media system during these changes showed high levels of political and economic parallelism. However, some of the structural shifts that occurred in the sector were not accompanied with institutional adjustments in the underlying approach that the state had been taking towards mass media for decades. As a result, private mass media development in Egypt was constantly fragmented and inconsistent. Policies governing the industry were often reactive, and dependent on ‘national security’ considerations. Factors that played into the early growth in the sector were quite circumstantial, contributing to the volatility outlined over the course of the research. Yet the sector still managed to be a prominent element in the country’s transforming tapestry

Vezana stanja elektrona i šupljine u valjkastoj kvantnoj točki

The ground-state energies of an electron and of a hole in a finite-potential quantum dot disc of GaAs are calculated. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the two particles separately, we calculated the first two excited states for each one. To study the effect of the disc dimensionality on the eigen-energies, we considered different discs with different values of radius (R) and width (L). Discussing the potential effect, we examined the eigen-value behaviour at different values of the barrier heights. The corresponding wave functions are obtained.Izračunali smo energije osnovnih stanja elektrona i šupljine u konačnom potencijalu valjkaste kvantne točke u GaAs. Rješavanjem Schrodingerove jednadžbe posebno za svaku od čestica, izračunali smo prvo i dva viša stanja za svaku česticu. Radi proučavanja učinka veličine valjka na svojstvene energije, razmatrali smo valjke različitih polumjera i duljine. Razmatrali smo utjecaj potencijala ispitivanjem ovisnosti svojstvenih vrijednosti za tri vrijednosti visine barijere. Izveli smo odgovarajuće valne funkcije

A Review of the Ocular Phenotype and Correlation with Genotype in Poretti-Boltshauser Syndrome

Background and Objectives: Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome (PBS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the LAMA1 gene, resulting in laminin dysfunction. This manifests as a cerebellar malformation with cysts, and patients present with developmental delay and ataxia; however, ocular features are not well-characterised. We aimed to summarise the ocular phenotypes of PBS based on cases reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted on Medline, Embase, and PubMed on PBS and its ocular associations. Genetically confirmed PBS cases were reviewed, and genotype-phenotype correlations were investigated. Results: Comprehensive reporting of genotypes and associated systemic and ocular phenotypes was available in 51 patients with PBS, who had 52 distinct variants in LAMA1. Most patients carried homozygous variants. The most common genotype was a c.2935delA homozygous mutation, followed by the c.768+1G>A; c.6701delC compound heterozygous mutation. High myopia was the most common ocular phenotype (n = 39), followed by strabismus (n = 27) and ocular motor apraxia (n = 26). A wide range of other ocular manifestations, including retinal dystrophy, retinal neovascularisation, retinal detachment, strabismus, nystagmus, optic disc and iris hypoplasia, were reported. Patients with the same genotype exhibited variable expressivity. Conclusions: PBS has a broad ocular phenotypic spectrum, and characterisation of this variability is important for making an accurate diagnosis and informing genetic counselling

THE RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENT’S SELF-EFFICACY WITH MASTERY OF ARABIC LESSONS IN ONLINE LEARNING

This study aims to know the level of student self-efficacy, the level of subject mastery and the relationship between student self-efficacy and mastery of online Arabic lessons. This study used correlation research with a total of 154 respondents in 5 (five) Madrasah Aliyah Palangka Raya. Methods of data collection used questionnaires and documents. The results showed that: The average level of self-efficacy of students in learning Arabic online was 3.1911 which means the high category. The level of mastery of Arabic lessons in online learning is 7.2468, which means the medium category. There is a positive relationship between students' self-efficacy and mastery of online Arabic lessons which is classified as good with a sig p = 0.000 0.05. Self-efficacy will have a good influence on the results of mastery of lessons conducted online.   الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد مدى فعالية إتقان الطلاب للموضوع ومدى ارتباطه بكفاءتهم الذاتية عند تعلم اللغة العربية عبر الإنترنت. لتحقيق هذا الهدف ، تم إجراء بحث كمي باستخدام طريقة مسح شملت 154 مستجيبًا من خمس مدارس عالية بالانجكا رايا وباستخدام استبيان كأداة لجمع البيانات. أظهرت النتائج أن متوسط مستوى الكفاءة الذاتية للطلاب في تعلم اللغة العربية على الإنترنت كان مرتفعًا جدًا ، وهو 3.1911. يتم تصنيف الطلاب أيضًا على أنهم يتمتعون بمستوى متوسط في إتقان اللغة العربية ، وهو 7.2468. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، وجدت الدراسة أيضًا علاقة إيجابية بين الكفاءة الذاتية للطلاب وإتقان دروس اللغة العربية عبر الإنترنت والتي تم تصنيفها على أنها جيدة مع قيمة دلالة وجدت p أقل من 0.05. يمكن أن نستنتج أن الكفاءة الذاتية يمكن أن يكون لها تأثير إيجابي على نتائج التعلم عبر الإنترنت