Computed Tomographic Features of the Camel Nasal Myiasis

The purpose of this work was to describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of nasal myiasis in camel (Camelus dromedarius), which caused by the larvae of camel nasal botfly Cephalopina titillator. Twenty infested heads of emergency slaughtered camels and five normal heads were obtained for the study. The normal anatomical features of the nasal cavity in CT images were identical to their cross sections without any pathological changes. The most commonly encountered CT findings in the infested group were (1) unilateral-rounded foci of soft tissue or fluid opacity in the ventral nasal concha in 100 % of cases, the foci also found bilaterally in the ethmoidal labyrinth 20% and frontal sinuses 5%. (2) Kidney-shaped hypolucent foci were found unilaterally in the ventral bulla 20% (3) Specific pattern of lesions distribution, which tend to be localized in three levels, the caudal two thirds of the ventral nasal concha, the ethmoidal labyrinth and the frontal sinus. It was concluded that, CT may be useful in detecting intranasal pathological changes associated with Cephalopina larval infestation in camel

Prevalence, Electron Microscopy and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium species Infecting Sheep in Egypt

Cryptosporidium sp. is predominant universally and sheep are an imperative zoonotic supply of the disease. Owing to the little information presented with respect to Cryptosporidium sp. infecting sheep, this study was directed to survey the predominance and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. among sheep of different ages and sexes in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. The fecal specimens were gathered from 432 sheep of various ages (≤1 to <6, 6-12 and >12 months) and sexes. The samples were microscopically examined after staining by modified Zeihl- Neelsen technique and the intestinal mucosa was scanned by electron microscopy. A nested PCR was connected to amplify a 830 bp of 18S rRNA sequence of Cryptosporidium. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique using SspI and VspI enzymes for digestion of the secondary product of PCR for species identification was applied. The total infection rate was 25.93%. The parasite was more prevalent in males than females of different age groups. Two zoonotic Cryptosporidium species were distinguished after RFLP-PCR sequencing: C. parvum and C. ubiquitum (identified previously as Cervine genotype). The finding recommends that sheep must be considered as a noteworthy potential source of human cryptosporidiosis. A strict reconnaissance of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis must be set up to counteract human infection and to assess forthcoming disease when applying control programs

Prevalence, Electron Microscopy and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium species Infecting Sheep in Egypt

Cryptosporidium sp. is predominant universally and sheep are an imperative zoonotic supply of the disease. Owing to the little information presented with respect to Cryptosporidium sp. infecting sheep, this study was directed to survey the predominance and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. among sheep of different ages and sexes in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt. The fecal specimens were gathered from 432 sheep of various ages (≤1 to 12 months) and sexes. The samples were microscopically examined after staining by modified Zeihl- Neelsen technique and the intestinal mucosa was scanned by electron microscopy. A nested PCR was connected to amplify a 830 bp of 18S rRNA sequence of Cryptosporidium. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique using SspI and VspI enzymes for digestion of the secondary product of PCR for species identification was applied. The total infection rate was 25.93%. The parasite was more prevalent in males than females of different age groups. Two zoonotic Cryptosporidium species were distinguished after RFLP-PCR sequencing: C. parvum and C. ubiquitum (identified previously as Cervine genotype). The finding recommends that sheep must be considered as a noteworthy potential source of human cryptosporidiosis. A strict reconnaissance of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis must be set up to counteract human infection and to assess forthcoming disease when applying control programs

Oestrus ovis larval infestation among sheep and goats of Green Mountain areas in Libya

Heads of sheep (n=180) and goats (n=120) slaughtered at four regions (Labraq, Shahat, Elbeida, and Masa) of Green Mountain areas in Libya were investigated for the presence of larvae of Oestrus ovis. The animals were divided into sex and age groups. The heads were cut along longitudinal and sagittal axes, and the larvae (L1, L2, and L3) were collected. The infestation rate was significantly higher in sheep (51.66%; n=93/180) as compared to goats (28.33%; n=34/120). In sheep, the rate was higher during May (100%), while in goat, it was higher during August (70%). The incidence of L1 peaked in April (90%) for sheep and October (100%) for goats, while L2 reached to maximum in May for sheep (26.95%) and goats (75%). L3 reached to peak in February (50%) for sheep, and June (25%) for goats. Mean intensity of larval burden was higher in sheep than goat, reaching to peak in June (9.1 larvae/head) for sheep and March (3.5 larvae/head) for goats. The infestation rate was significantly higher in males than females. The older animals were mostly affected as compared to younger animals. Highest infestation rate was recorded in Masa (45.83%), and the lowest rate was found in Labraq (40.27%). In conclusion, these findings may be used in designing the control strategies of myiasis in Libya

Prevalence and pathogenesis of some filarial nematodes infecting donkeys in Egypt

Aim: The primary objective of the present study is to determine the commonness of filarial parasites in donkeys in Egypt, identification of the filarial species tainting them and the delivered pathogenic impact connected with the infestation. Materials and Methods: A total of 188 donkeys were examined for filarial infection. The blood samples and scraping of the cutaneous bleeding lesions were collected, stained, and inspected for microfilariae all through the period from March 2011 to October 2013. The adult worms were perceived in tissue samples acquired from skin scraping, testes, eyes, tendons, peritoneal and pleural cavities, and the ligamentum nuchae. Results: On the basis of morphological identification, 163 of 188 donkeys (86.70%) were infected with Onchocerca cervicalis (82.98%), Setaria equina (31.11%), Parafilaria multipapillosa (5.32%), and Onchocerca reticulata (4.26%). There was no significant effect of the sex on the incidence of all the encounteredfilarial worms except for S. equina, where the infection rate prevailed in males versus females (40.82% vs. 35.90%). In addition, age group of 5-15 years old exhibited a fundamentally higher predominance (p15 years old. Conclusion: The preliminary results add to our comprehension of filarial species infecting donkeys in Egypt, their impact on animal execution and production. Accentuation must be taken for avoidance, control of filarial disease, and improvement of the management system of donkeys

Bioconversion of Some Agro-Residues into Organic Acids by Cellulolytic Rock-Phosphate-Solubilizing <i>Aspergillus japonicus</i>

Biological-based conversion of agricultural residues into bioactive compounds may be considered to be the basis for various vital industries. However, finding a suitable microorganism is a challenge in the bioconversion process. Therefore, this study was conducted to find local fungal isolates able to convert a combination of plant biomass residues into organic acids (OAs). Based on their cellulase and phytase activities and rock phosphate (RP) solubilization potential, an efficient 15 fungal isolates (named F1 to F15) were selected and identified by both morphological and molecular methods using the 18S rRNA sequencing technique. The best fungal isolate (F15) was identified as Aspergillus japonicus. After 4 weeks of incubation below solid-state fermentation (SSF) with a mix of sugarcane bagasse and faba bean straw (3:7), with 7.5% (v/w) fungal inoculum to the growth medium, the biodegradation process by the fungus reached its peak, i.e., maximum cellulolytic activity and RP solubilization ability. Under such fermentation conditions, seven organic acids were detected using HPLC, in the following order: ascorbic acid > oxalic acid > formic acid > malic acid > succinic acid > lactic acid > citric acid. Based on the results, Aspergillus japonicus (F15) could produce OAs and cellulose enzymes, and could be considered a new single-step bio-converter of sugarcane bagasse and faba bean straw residues into OAs. Furthermore, this fungus could be a new source of fungal cellulose, and could present a practical approach to reducing environmental contamination. Additional work is encouraged for more optimization of fermentation conditions

Bioconversion of Some Agro-Residues into Organic Acids by Cellulolytic Rock-Phosphate-Solubilizing Aspergillus japonicus

Biological-based conversion of agricultural residues into bioactive compounds may be considered to be the basis for various vital industries. However, finding a suitable microorganism is a challenge in the bioconversion process. Therefore, this study was conducted to find local fungal isolates able to convert a combination of plant biomass residues into organic acids (OAs). Based on their cellulase and phytase activities and rock phosphate (RP) solubilization potential, an efficient 15 fungal isolates (named F1 to F15) were selected and identified by both morphological and molecular methods using the 18S rRNA sequencing technique. The best fungal isolate (F15) was identified as Aspergillus japonicus. After 4 weeks of incubation below solid-state fermentation (SSF) with a mix of sugarcane bagasse and faba bean straw (3:7), with 7.5% (v/w) fungal inoculum to the growth medium, the biodegradation process by the fungus reached its peak, i.e., maximum cellulolytic activity and RP solubilization ability. Under such fermentation conditions, seven organic acids were detected using HPLC, in the following order: ascorbic acid &gt; oxalic acid &gt; formic acid &gt; malic acid &gt; succinic acid &gt; lactic acid &gt; citric acid. Based on the results, Aspergillus japonicus (F15) could produce OAs and cellulose enzymes, and could be considered a new single-step bio-converter of sugarcane bagasse and faba bean straw residues into OAs. Furthermore, this fungus could be a new source of fungal cellulose, and could present a practical approach to reducing environmental contamination. Additional work is encouraged for more optimization of fermentation conditions