ATP-sensitive muscle afferents activate spinal trigeminal neurons with meningeal afferent input in rat:pathophysiological implications for tension-type headache

Background: Tension-type headache and other primary headaches may be triggered or aggravated by disorders of pericranial muscles, which is possibly due to convergent or collateral afferent input from meningeal and muscular receptive areas. In rodent models high extracellular concentrations of ATP caused muscle nociception and central sensitization of second order neurons. In a rat model of meningeal nociception we asked if spinal trigeminal activity induced by ATP can be modulated by local anaesthesia of distinct muscles.Methods: Ongoing activity was recorded from spinal trigeminal neurons with afferent input from the cranial dura mater, the temporal muscle and neck muscles. The stable ATP analogue α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-meATP, 10 mM) was injected into the ipsilateral temporal muscle, 30 min later followed by injection of local anaesthetics (lidocaine, 2 %) into the ipsilateral neck muscles and/or the temporal muscle.Results: Injection of α,β-meATP into the temporal muscle caused progressive increase in ongoing activity of most of the spinal trigeminal neurons within 30 min. Injection of lidocaine into the neck muscles and/or the temporal muscle reduced this activation to previous levels within 10 min.Conclusions: Distinct spinal trigeminal neurons processing meningeal nociceptive information are under the control of convergent afferent input from several pericranial muscles. Blockade of at least one of these inputs can normalize central trigeminal activity. This may explain why therapeutic manipulations of head muscles can be beneficial in primary headaches

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Кадровый резерв в организации на примере государственной жилищной инспекции Новосибирской области

Объектом является кадровая политика в государственной жилищной инспекции Новосибирской области.Цель - оценить формирование кадрового резерва в государственной жилищной инспекции Новосибирской области на предмет эффективности и выбрать варианты его совершенствования.В результате исследования были разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию формирования кадрового резерва.The object is the personnel policy in the state housing inspection of the Novosibirsk region. The goal is to assess the formation of the personnel reserve in the state housing inspection of the Novosibirsk region for efficiency and to choose options for its improvement. As a result of the research, recommendations were developed to improve the formation of the personnel reserve

Treatment of chronic migraine with transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (auricular t-VNS):a randomized, monocentric clinical trial

Background Aim of the study was assessment of efficacy and safety of transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagal nerve (t-VNS) in the treatment of chronic migraine. Methods A monocentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind study was conducted. After one month of baseline, chronic migraine patients were randomized to receive 25 Hz or 1 Hz stimulation of the sensory vagal area at the left ear by a handhold battery driven stimulator for 4 h/day during 3 months. Headache days per 28 days were compared between baseline and the last month of treatment and the number of days with acute medication was recorded The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaires were used to assess headache-related disability. Results Of 46 randomized patients, 40 finished the study (per protocol). In the per protocol analysis, patients in the 1 Hz group had a significantly larger reduction in headache days per 28 days than patients in the 25 Hz group (−7.0 ± 4.6 vs. −3.3 ± 5.4 days, p = 0.035). 29.4 % of the patients in the 1 Hz group had a ≥50 % reduction in headache days vs. 13.3 % in the 25 Hz group. HIT-6 and MIDAS scores were significantly improved in both groups, without group differences. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. Conclusion Treatment of chronic migraine by t-VNS at 1 Hz was safe and effective. The mean reduction of headache days after 12 weeks of treatment exceeded that reported for other nerve stimulating procedures

Technology production of carbon nanofibers and methane-hydrogen mixture in the reactor of catalytic decomposition natural gas

This paper presents a technology of production methane-hydrogen mixture for use as motor fuel. We investigated different the various modes and selected the most effective catalysts for this process. Established optimal condition for carry out this process