Composição de carboidratos do abacaxi (cv. pérola) e resposta glicêmica em humanos

Brazil is the third largest producer of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and the market for fresh pineapple is sustained by the Hawaii and Perola cultivars. In this work the Perola cultivar was divided into three main parts, shell, core and pulp, for characterization. Moisture in the pulp was higher (between 10 and 15%) than in the shell and core. The amount of protein was higher in the core (35%) than in the pulp and shell. Perola contained relatively low concentrations of total ascorbic acid in the edible parts, although higher levels of ascorbic acid in the shell. Citric acid corresponded to almost 60% of the total organic acids. The total soluble sugars [~7-12% (FW)] were predominantly sucrose, fructose and glucose. The core had almost twice as much total sugar (12%) than the pulp (6.8%). The amount of insoluble dietary fiber was around 1%, and the soluble fiber was less than 0.1%. The pulp showed the highest concentration of polyphenols (0.49%) and antioxidant activity (33 µmol.g-1) out of the parts. The consumption of the pineapple pulp or core produced a high glycemic index (~93%), but considering the glycemic load, this fruit can be considered as low dietary.O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor de abacaxi(Ananas comosus) e as principais cultivares encontradas no mercado são Havaí e Pérola. Neste trabalho, frutas da cultivar Pérola foram divididas em casca, cerne e polpa e analisadas. A umidade da polpa foi superior (entre 10 e 15%) à encontrada na casca e no cerne. A concentração de proteína foi maior no cerne (35%) que na polpa e na casca. Essa cultivar contém baixas concentrações de ácido ascórbico nas partes comestíveis, no entanto a casca apresentou maiores níveis. O ácido cítrico correspondeu a aproximadamente 60% do total de ácidos orgânicos. Entre os açúcares solúveis [~7-12% (BU)], a sacarose, frutose e glicose foram predominantes. O cerne continha quase o dobro dos açúcares totais (12%) em relação à polpa (6,8%). A concentração de fibra alimentar insolúvel foi em torno de 1%, enquanto a de fibra solúvel foi menor que 0,1%. A polpa apresentou maior concentração de polifenóis (0,49%) e maior atividade antioxidante (33 µmol.g-1) que as demais partes. O consumo da polpa e do cerne produziu alto índice glicêmico (~93%), mas considerando a quantidade usual consumida, o abacaxi apresenta baixa carga glicêmica

International collaborative project to compare and track the nutritional composition of fast foods

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world with over-nutrition a primary cause of diet-related ill health. Excess quantities of energy, saturated fat, sugar and salt derived from fast foods contribute importantly to this disease burden. Our objective is to collate and compare nutrient composition data for fast foods as a means of supporting improvements in product formulation. METHODS/DESIGN: Surveys of fast foods will be done in each participating country each year. Information on the nutrient composition for each product will be sought either through direct chemical analysis, from fast food companies, in-store materials or from company websites. Foods will be categorized into major groups for the primary analyses which will compare mean levels of saturated fat, sugar, sodium, energy and serving size at baseline and over time. Countries currently involved include Australia, New Zealand, France, UK, USA, India, Spain, China and Canada, with more anticipated to follow. DISCUSSION: This collaborative approach to the collation and sharing of data will enable low-cost tracking of fast food composition around the world. This project represents a significant step forward in the objective and transparent monitoring of industry and government commitments to improve the quality of fast foods.E Dunford is supported by a Sydney Medical School Foundation scholarship and B Neal by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship.http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/559am201

Utilization of starchy foods: study in humans and animals

Foram realizados ensaios de curta e média duração em animais e humanos visando avaliar o aproveitamento do amido do feijão em relação a outras fontes de carboidratos complexos, de consumo habitual da população brasileira. Em animais, o aumento da glicose plasmática decorrente da ingestão de diferentes fontes de amido decresceu na seguinte ordem: polenta= arroz= pão= macarrão> canjica = farinha de mandioca> mandioca = feijão Carioca = feijão Fradinho. Em humanos, o feijão com casca ou sem casca produziu menores respostas plasmáticas de glicose que a polenta, arroz, arroz com feijão; as respostas de insulina plasmática foram reduzidas para todas as dietas que continham feijão e tanto a polenta como o feijão estimularam de forma semelhante a liberação do GLP-1 7-36. Pudemos evidenciar a persistência do reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão, em relação ao da polenta, apesar da adaptação dos animais a essas fontes de carboidratos por 13 dias. Observamos por microscopia óptica e ensaios \"in vivo\" que a parede celular íntegra e a organização física entre os grânulos de amido e proteína podem explicar, em parte, o reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão.Short- and midle-term assays in animais and humans were carried out to determine the utilization of bean starch as compared to usual Brazilian starchy foods. The order of glycemic response was: polenta = rice = bread = macaroni > hominy = cassava flour > cassava = Carioca bean = Fradinho bean. Beans with ar without seed coat produced in human a glycemic response lower than polenta, rice and rice plus bean; the insulin response was reduced for all diets containing beans; the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 was the same either for polenta ar bean diet. The reduced utilization of bean starch for polenta and bean diet was confirmed in midle-term assays (13 days). The optic microscopy and \"in vivo\" observations suggested that existence of whole cell walls and starch-protein associations may explain the lower blood response

Utilization of starchy foods: study in humans and animals

Foram realizados ensaios de curta e média duração em animais e humanos visando avaliar o aproveitamento do amido do feijão em relação a outras fontes de carboidratos complexos, de consumo habitual da população brasileira. Em animais, o aumento da glicose plasmática decorrente da ingestão de diferentes fontes de amido decresceu na seguinte ordem: polenta= arroz= pão= macarrão> canjica = farinha de mandioca> mandioca = feijão Carioca = feijão Fradinho. Em humanos, o feijão com casca ou sem casca produziu menores respostas plasmáticas de glicose que a polenta, arroz, arroz com feijão; as respostas de insulina plasmática foram reduzidas para todas as dietas que continham feijão e tanto a polenta como o feijão estimularam de forma semelhante a liberação do GLP-1 7-36. Pudemos evidenciar a persistência do reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão, em relação ao da polenta, apesar da adaptação dos animais a essas fontes de carboidratos por 13 dias. Observamos por microscopia óptica e ensaios \"in vivo\" que a parede celular íntegra e a organização física entre os grânulos de amido e proteína podem explicar, em parte, o reduzido aproveitamento do amido do feijão.Short- and midle-term assays in animais and humans were carried out to determine the utilization of bean starch as compared to usual Brazilian starchy foods. The order of glycemic response was: polenta = rice = bread = macaroni > hominy = cassava flour > cassava = Carioca bean = Fradinho bean. Beans with ar without seed coat produced in human a glycemic response lower than polenta, rice and rice plus bean; the insulin response was reduced for all diets containing beans; the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 was the same either for polenta ar bean diet. The reduced utilization of bean starch for polenta and bean diet was confirmed in midle-term assays (13 days). The optic microscopy and \"in vivo\" observations suggested that existence of whole cell walls and starch-protein associations may explain the lower blood response

Effect of α-amylase inhibitor of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in normal and diabetic animals

Não consta resumo na publicação.An α-amylase inhibitor purified from black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) prevents the utilization of starch either in normal or diabetic rats during short-time starch loading tests. It causes hypoglycaemia and alters accordingly the serum insulin and non esterified fatty acids levels. These effects are dose dependent and doses higher than 31 mg of the inhibitor can promote the complete smoothing on serum glucose level. The existence of starch in the presence of the inhibitor in the intestine doesn\'t alter the secretion or production of α-amylase by the pancreas