Dengue Virus 2 American-Asian Genotype Identified during the 2006/2007 Outbreak in Piauí, Brazil Reveals a Caribbean Route of Introduction and Dissemination of Dengue Virus in Brazil

<div><p><i>Dengue virus</i> (DENV) is the most widespread arthropod-borne virus, and the number and severity of outbreaks has increased worldwide in recent decades. Dengue is caused by DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 which are genetically distant. The species has been subdivided into genotypes based on phylogenetic studies. DENV-2, which was isolated from dengue fever patients during an outbreak in Piaui, Brazil in 2006/2007 was analyzed by sequencing the envelope (E) gene. The results indicated a high similarity among the isolated viruses, as well as to other DENV-2 from Brazil, Central America and South America. A phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis based on DENV-2E gene sequences revealed that these viruses are grouped together with viruses of the American-Asian genotype in two distinct lineages. Our results demonstrate the co-circulation of two American-Asian genotype lineages in northeast Brazil. Moreover, we reveal that DENV-2 lineage 2 was detected in Piauí before it disseminated to other Brazilian states and South American countries, indicating the existence of a new dissemination route that has not been previously described.</p></div

Evolutionary relationship between DENV-2 isolates from Piauí and the five genotypes of DENV-2.

<p>A maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree was selected after Bayesian inference analysis (strict molecular clock; TN93+G; 400,000,000 iterations) of 72 DENV-2 envelope sequences. The five DENV-2 genotypes (American-Asian, American, Asian I, Asian II and Cosmopolitan) are highlighted in different colors. Brazilian isolates (bold blue letters) clustered within the American-Asian genotype and could be divided into two groups: lineage 1(dark green block) and lineage 2 (light green block). Each node is represented by colours black and red (), which presented posterior probability value>0.9 and >0.75, respectively. Blue bars represent the extent of the 95% highest probability density (95% HPD) for each divergence time. The most probable geographic state for each internal node was inferred by discrete phylogeographic analysis. Different colors in the branch represent distinct geographical states according to the legend on the left side of the figure. Branch width is proportional to the probability value of the inferred ancestral geographical state.</p

Age and sex distribution of IgM-ELISA dengue positive patients from the 2006/2007 outbreak in Piauí, Brazil.

<p>NI – not informed.</p

Amino acid polymorphisms in the envelope protein of the American/Asian DENV-2 genotype.

<p>(Top) A diagram of the DENV-2 envelope protein showing its three protein domains (I, II and III). (Bottom) A partial alignment of the envelope protein showing sites of amino acid polymorphism within the American-Asian genotype. Other DENV-2 genotypes (Asian I, Asian II, Cosmopolitan and American) are shown for comparison. Amino acid sites in blue boxes are those that most likely had underwent a non-synonymous mutation after the divergence of the two lineages because they differ from the two ancient American-Asian DENV-2 samples (Jamaica/M20558/1983 and Puerto Rico/AY484607/1988). Amino acids are colored according to their side chain charge (hydrophobic: yellow; polar: green; negatively charged: red; and positively charged: blue).</p

Description of DENV-2 isolates from Piauí, Brazil.

a<p>F is female and M is male.</p>b<p>Number of passages in cell culture (C6/36 cell line) are shown.</p

Bayesian coalescent and discrete phylogeographic analyses of Brazilian DENV-2 lineage 1 based on envelope nucleotide sequences.

<p>A maximum clade credibility tree was inferred by Bayesian inference analysis (strict molecular clock; TN93+G; 200,000,000 iterations) using 63 DENV-2 envelope sequences (summarized in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0104516#pone.0104516.s003" target="_blank">Table S1</a>) retrieved by a BLAST search against the entire GenBank database and using PI-111/2006 (indicated by a red arrow) as a query.PI-111/2006 is an isolate from the state of Piauí (Brazil) that clustered in Brazilian DENV-2 lineage 1. Nodes that presented posterior probability value of >0.9 and >0.75 are represented by black and red circle (), respectively. Blue bars in each node represent the extent of the 95% highest probability density (95% HPD) for each divergence time. The most probable geographic state for each internal node was inferred by discrete phylogeographic analysis. Different colors in the branch represent distinct geographical states according to the legend on the left side of the figure. The branch width is proportional to the probability value of the inferred ancestral geographical state.</p

Geographic location of Piauí and its meso-regions.

<p>The state of Piauí is located in northeastern Brazil and is divided into the Mid-North, North Central, Southeast and Southwest regions. The state capital, Teresina, is indicated with an arrow on the map.</p

Mass trapping with MosquiTRAPs does not reduce Aedes aegypti abundance

To all inhabitants of Cidade Nova who participated in the study, to Luzia Mustáfa, Ricardo Passos, Wanderson Sampaio and all field workers from the Foundation of Health Vigilance, to the Virology Department of the FMT-HVD, under supervision of Maria Paula Gomes Mourão, for the collection of blood samples, and to the Entomology Department of the FMTHVD, under supervision of Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa and Nelson Ferreira Fé, for assistance in processing the catch bags that returned from the field.Submitted by Ana Lucia Teixeira ([email protected]) on 2019-09-12T13:24:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mass trapping with MosquiTRAPs does not reduce.pdf: 1235250 bytes, checksum: 4ba83deeb150ad49e31bdfc651e08970 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia Teixeira ([email protected]) on 2019-09-12T17:14:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mass trapping with MosquiTRAPs does not reduce.pdf: 1235250 bytes, checksum: 4ba83deeb150ad49e31bdfc651e08970 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T17:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mass trapping with MosquiTRAPs does not reduce.pdf: 1235250 bytes, checksum: 4ba83deeb150ad49e31bdfc651e08970 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06The World Bank, UEA, CAPES, CNPq [PRONEXDengue (550131/2008-8)], INCT-DengueUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Laboratório de Ecologia Química de Vetores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Laboratório de Ecologia Química de Vetores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais. Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Nilton Lins. Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Abteilung Wissenschaft und Diagnostik, Forel Klinik, Ellikon an der Thur, Switzerland.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Laboratório de Vírus. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Laboratório de Vírus. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Laboratório de Vírus. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Centro de Estudos Superiores do Trópico Úmido. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Biogents AG, Regensburg, Germany.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Aedes aegypti mass trapping using the sticky trap MosquiTRAP (MQT) by performing a cluster randomised controlled trial in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil. After an initial questionnaire and baseline monitoring of adult Ae. aegypti abundance with BG-Sentinel (BGS) traps in six clusters, three clusters were randomly assigned to the intervention arm where each participating household received three MQTs for mass trapping during 17 months. The remaining three clusters (control arm) did not receive traps. The effect of mass trapping on adult Ae. aegypti abundance was monitored fortnightly with BGS traps. During the last two months of the study, a serological survey was conducted. After the study, a second questionnaire was applied in the intervention arm. Entomological monitoring indicated that MQT mass trapping did not reduce adult Ae. aegypti abundance. The serological survey indicated that recent dengue infections were equally frequent in the intervention and the control arm. Most participants responded positively to questions concerning user satisfaction. According to the results, there is no evidence that mass trapping with MQTs can be used as a part of dengue control programs. The use of this sticky trap is only recommendable for dengue vector monitoring

Ano IX, número 19

Espaço e Economia: Revista Brasileira de Geografia Econômica, além dos artigos em fluxo contínuo, inclui nesta edição o Dossiê Oeste Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro, organizado pelos professores Marcio Rufino Silva, Denise de Alcantara, Leandro Dias de Oliveira e André Santos da Rocha (PPGGEO e PPGDT-UFRRJ)