Photochemistry of oxazolidinones antibacterial drugs

The photochemistry of six N3-(3-fluoro-4-dialkylaminophenyl)-oxazolidinones known for their antimicrobial activity has been examined. All of these compounds are defluorinated in water (dec ≈ 0.25) and in methanol (dec ≈ 0.03), reasonably via the triplet. The chemical processes observed are reductive defluorination and solvolysis, depending on the structural variation introduced (thus, tethering the dialkylamino group to the aromatic ring and introducing a highly polar group in the oxazolidinone moiety have an effect). A likely mechanism involves the fragmentation of the C-F bond yielding the corresponding triplet phenyl cation. This intermediate either is reduced or, under appropriate conditions, intersystem crosses to the singlet state that adds the solvent

AN INTEGRATED MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF STRESS-RELATED RISK FACTORS IN HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS

5Abstract To assess the risk from exposure to occupational stress and burnout in health care workers (HCW), a cross-sectional study was planned to compare objective data that can represent potential job stressors in hospital wards and subjective symptoms reported by the workers. Medical doctors, nurses and ancillary workers of the Internal Medicine Wards of a large public hospital in Northern Italy participated in the study. Three subjective questionnaires were administered: the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In addition, seven objective parameters were collected as average during the 3 months period prior to the study: a) working understaffed; b) ratio number of patients/HCW on service; c) ratio number of HCW on sick leave/ HCW on service; d) number of skipped days off after night shifts; e) days of sick leave; f) number of deceased patients; g) number of accidents at work. A total group of 230 HCW were examined, employed in six different sub-units of the Medical wards. The female workers were 67.8% and the male workers 32.2%, the mean age was 37.4 years (SD 9.3) in the total group of HCW, 35.1 years (SD 7.9) in females and 42.3 years (SD 10.3) in males. The average scores of subjective and objective parameters resulted significantly higher in the same sub-units. The correlation analysis showed that the subjective questionnaires were highly inter-related. The multivariate analysis showed that the days of sick leave were significantly related to the subjective questionnaires, and the subjective subscales of emotional exhaustion (from MBI), job demand and decision latitude (from JCQ) and STAIt were significantly related to some of the objective parameters. These results support the integrated use of multiple subjective and objective assessment as the most appropriate approach for the evaluation of occupational stress.openopenAlbini, Elisa; Zoni, Silvia; Parrinello, Giovanni; Benedetti, Laura; Lucchini, RobertoAlbini, Elisa; Zoni, Silvia; Parrinello, Giovanni; Benedetti, Laura; Lucchini, Robert

Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles and hypogeum environment: test to understand the best way of application

For a long time the conservation of archaeological artefacts has been based on the principles of compatibility and minimal intervention. This involves a series of partially unsolved problems, concerning the products used for deteriorated structures consolidation. The choice of materials depends on several factors such as: microclimatic conditions, application methods, and reaction time of products. Recently the employment of nanolime in the consolidation treatments of decorative carbonate matrix surfaces had a great development, thanks to multifunctional use in calcium standard-sized particles treatments. However, while the use of the nanostructured materials is described in several specialized papers, the information about the best conditions of applicability of the nanolime and its related potentiality for the consolidation in hypogeum environment is rarely considered. The present work is devoted to represent a case study with the aim to give useful elements in order to evaluate the application of nanolime. The funerary inscriptions coming from St. Callixtus Catacombs have been the object of the research carried out in situ and in laboratory, checking indirectly in the short run and in the long run the porosity variation in the materials. The present study intends to indicate the best suspension concentration on consolidation in relationship with hypogeum environment

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy of Dental Implants Subjected to Different Surface Treatments

The aim of the study was to qualitatively investigate the structure of the surface layer of TiO2 on dental implants made of Ti-6Al-4V subjected to different manufacturing treatments. M (machined), B (Al2O3-blasted), E (HNO3HF-etched), B + E and A (B + E + anodized) implants and a further group receiving the same treatments as the first group with the addition of a final decontamination with cold plasma were included in the study. Examination was performed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The surface treatments evaluated did not achieve the formation of crystalline TiO2. The increase in the complexity of surface treatment produced a proportional increase in the thickness of amorphous TiO2 oxide. In the B + E group, the plasma treatment enhanced the amorphous oxide thickness of TiO2. The other surfaces treated by plasma decontamination did not show a difference to the respective untreated ones. The investigated surface treatments did not change the crystalline cage of TiO2 in Ti-6Al-4V implants but affected the thickness of the oxide layer. The biological response could be influenced by different oxide thicknesses. Additional information on superficial TiO2 structural organization can be obtained by micro-Raman evaluation of dental implants. Dental implants with B + E + plasma and A superficial treatments allowed the maximum formation of the amorphous oxide thickness

Fragment-based approach to identify IDO1 inhibitor building blocks

Abstract Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is attracting a great deal of interest as drug target in immune-oncology being highly expressed in cancer cells and participating to the tumor immune-editing process. Although several classes of IDO1 inhibitors have been reported in literature and patent applications, only few compounds have proved optimal pharmacological profile in preclinical studies to be advanced in clinical trials. Accordingly, the quest for novel structural classes of IDO1 inhibitors is still open. In this paper, we report a fragment-based screening campaign that combines Water-LOGSY NMR experiments and microscale thermophoresis approach to identify fragments that may be helpful for the development of novel IDO1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in immune-oncology disorders

Analoghi sintetici dello xantumolo

Abstract non disponibil

Occurrence and temporal distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in clams from the Central Adriatic, Italy

The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is a major public health issue. Bivalves are filter-feeder animals capable of bioaccumulating the microorganisms present in water. This physiological characteristic makes them both good indicators of environmental contamination and possible carriers of pathogenic bacteria, including those resistant to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in clams (n = 308) collected from harvesting areas of the Central Adriatic Sea between 2018 and 2019. ESBL- /class C β-lactamase (AmpC)- producing E. coli and Escherichia spp. were isolated by streaking over the surface of MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime enriched broths of the initial shellfish suspension. E. coli and Escherichia spp. resistant to cefotaxime were screened for ESBL production by using the double disk synergy test. Susceptibility to different antimicrobials and confirmation of ESBL-production were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Isolates were further characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis of genomes with different tools. Overall, ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from 3% of the samples. Of 13 ESBL- and ESBL−/AmpC-producing Escherichia spp. (n = 11 E. coli, n = 1 E. marmotae, n = 1 E. ruysiae) isolates, 13 were resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime, 9 to sulfamethoxazole, 6 to tetracycline and nalidixic acid, 4 to trimethoprim, and 3 to ceftazidime, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, the majority (8/11) of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. WGS showed that the isolates predominantly carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene (3/11) and blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-1 (2/11 each). The AmpC β-lactamase CMY-2 was found in two isolates. Phylogroup A was the most prevalent (5/11), followed by phylogroups D (4/11), F (1/11), and B2 (1/11). Ten different sequence types (STs) were identified. Occurrence at sampling sites ranged between 0 and 27%. To identify associations between the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli and E. coli levels, samples were divided into two groups, with E. coli at >230 MPN/100 g and E. coli at ≤230 MPN/100 g. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were significantly more commonly recovered in samples with higher E. coli levels (14%) than in those with lower levels of E. coli (2%). Moreover, the majority (3/4) of the potentially pathogenic strains were isolated in samples with higher E. coli levels. These findings provided evidence for the bacterial indicator of fecal contamination, E. coli, as an index organism for ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in bivalves