Agriculture Phenomena and Perspectives of Lebak Swamp in Jakabaring South Sumatra, Indonesia

The research aimed to analyze agriculture phenomena and perspectives of lebak swamp in Jakabaring South Sumatra Indonesia. The research used mix methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The description of the research area was assisted with interpretation of Landsat images in 1987 and 2015. The research resulted that farmer’s groups living in Jakabaring are divided into four group, namely indigenous people (people of Ogan, Komering, Musi, Enim, and Palembang), new comers (Javanese), spontaneous migration (Buginese, Banjarnese, Bataknese) and outside spontaneous migration (Chinese, Arabic). The total area of Jakabaring is approximately 5,525 ha, around 2,700 ha (48.87 %) was already landfilled by the Government in 1990, while the remaining 2,825 ha (51.13 %) is still not reclaimed. The landfill materials were directly sucked from mud, sand, silt and stones of the Musi River. Each lebak swamp typology shows specific soil characters, but after landfills all soils became homogenous because of uniform materials of landfills.  Patterns of land degradation after landfills are classified into three groups, namely making layers of water impermeability, changing vegetation types of land cover, and decreasing type and density of vegetation.Keywords: Agriculture, phenomena, perspectives, lebak, swampJEL Classification: O13, Q0

Accessibility Impact to Government Programs on the Household Income Contribution at the Various Livelihood Sources of Farmers

This paper aimed (1) to describe the accessibility of farmers to programs made by the government for rural development, and (2) to analyze the impact of this accessibility on the contribution generating household income of farmers in South Sumatra wetlands. This research was an experimental research using Split Plot Design. The study resulted that accessibility had a significant effect on the income structure of farmers' households. If accessibility was high to very high, the sector and types of off-farm activities were more developed and diverse. Household income in low accessibility was dominated by subsistence agriculture, although the types of off-farm activities varied, but their contribution to total household income was very small. In high accessibility areas, the income contribution from subsistence farming was relatively small, but the diversity of activities was large, which could increase the total household income, i.e. trade, non-agricultural labor, forest income, government projects, beca, drivers, carpenters, welding, shipping, etc. The total income of households in high accessibility was higher than in low accessibility areas. The better the accessibility, the better the total household income will be as long as the government manages farmers in off-farm activities

Filosofi Keilmuan Statistika Terapan pada Era Smart Society 5.0

Statistika menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari penelitian ilmiah, berupa survey, eksperimen, maupun pengolahan data sekunder lebih lanjut. Dalam pegambilan keputusan tertentu statistika juga memainkan peran yang sangat penting, karenanya statistika seringkali digunakan untuk berbagai perumusan kebijakan. Dan sebagaimana keilmuan lainnya, statistika adalah juga suatu ilmu yang jika digunakan sesuai prosedur dan tujuan yang benar, akan sangat bermanfaat bagi kepentingan masyarakat banyak, namun Ketika statistika berada pada tangan orang yang salah, maka akan menimbulkan mudharat. terdapat beberapa kebohongan yang dikemas dalam bingkai keilmuan statistika, di antaranya adalah proses sampling yang tidak benar, pengambilan kesimpulan yang tidak sesuai dengan hasil/fakta sebenarnya, memberikan informasi yang salah dengan mengatasnamakan hasil analisis statistik, manipulasi data, dan lain sebagainya. Fenomena penyalahgunaan keilmuan statistika tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya sosialisasi tentang filosofi keilmuan statistika itu sendiri, serta masih minimnya kajian statistika yang berbasis filsafat, pendekatan sains lebih jauh, dan agama. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk Mengkaji dan membahas filosofi keilmuan statistika menurut para filsuf dan statistisi, mengkaji dan membahas filosofi keilmuan statistika menurut perspektif agama, mengkaji dan membahas filosofi keilmuan statistika menurut pendekatan sains, mengkaji dan membahas berbagai akibat yang dapat ditimbulkan ketika keilmuan statistika disalahgunakan oknum tidak bertanggung jawab dan digunakan untuk kebohongan untuk kepentingan dirinya sendiri dan kelompoknya, serta mengkaji dan membahas Langkah - langkah edukasi yang efektif agar filosofi keilmuan statistika dipahami dan diterapkan secara benar dan tepat oleh pengguna. Adapun Langkah edukatif yang dapat ditempuh agar filosofi keilmuan statistika ini sejalan dengan agama dan memegang teguh prinsip etis sains modern adalah dengan menambahkan mata kuliah filosofi keilmuan statistika ini dalam kurikulum perkuliahan, serta mensosialisasikan filosofi keilmuan statistika ini dalam berbagai forum ilmiah.Kata Kunci: Statistika Sebagai Sarana Berpikir Ilmiah, Filosofi Keilmuan Statistika, Smart Society 5.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Virtual Reality Materi Pengujian Korosi untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Mahasiswa

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran virtual reality pengujian korosi yang didesain untuk dapat meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model 4D. Validasi ahli materi dan media digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan media. Kepraktisan dan efektivitas media di uji pada kelompok kecil. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar observasi, laporan praktikum dan angket. Data terdiri dari kualitatif dan kuantitatif dimana data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan model concurrent atau bersamaan. Data kuantitatif diolah menjadi dalam persentase dan di interpretasikan menjadi tingkat kelayakan dan tingkat kepraktisan media. Efektivitas merupakan kemampuan media yang dikembangkan dalam mendukung peningkatan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa. Data kualitatif menggambarkan keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa yang teramati selama mahasiswa mengikuti uji coba media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran virtual reality pengujian korosi sangat layak dan praktis untuk digunakan pada praktikum pengujian korosi secara virtual serta dapat digunakan untuk melatih keterampilan proses sains mahasiswa secara mandiri maupun secara terbimbing

Jarosite versus Soluble Iron-Sulfate Formation and Their Role in Acid Mine Drainage Formation at the Pan de Azúcar Mine Tailings (Zn-Pb-Ag), NW Argentina

Secondary jarosite and water-soluble iron-sulfate minerals control the composition of acid mine waters formed by the oxidation of sulfide in tailings impoundments at the (Zn-Pb-Ag) Pan de Azúcar mine located in the Pozuelos Lagoon Basin (semi-arid climate) in Northwest (NW) Argentina. In the primary zone of the tailings (9.5 wt % pyrite-marcasite) precipitation of anglesite (PbSO4), wupatkite ((Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4) and gypsum retain Pb, Co and Ca, while mainly Fe2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Mg2+, As3+/5+ and Cd2+ migrate downwards, forming a sulfate and metal-rich plume. In the oxidation zone, jarosite (MFe3(TO4)2(OH)6) is the main secondary Fe3+ phase; its most suitable composition is M = K+, Na+, and Pb2+and TO4 = SO42−; AsO42−. During the dry season, iron-sulfate salts precipitate by capillary transport on the tailings and at the foot of DC2 (tailings impoundment DC2) tailings dam where an acid, Fe2+ rich plume outcrops. The most abundant compounds in the acid mine drainage (AMD) are SO42−, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Al3+, Mg2+, Cu2+, As3+/5+, Cd2+. These show peak concentrations at the beginning of the wet season, when the soluble salts and jarosite dissolve. The formation of soluble sulfate salts during the dry season and dilution during the wet season conform an annual cycle of rapid metals and acidity transference from the tailings to the downstream environment.Fil: Murray, Jesica María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Alicia Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Dold, Bernhard. Sustainable Mining Research & Consult EIRL; ChileFil: Mendes Guimaraes, Edi. Universidade do Brasilia; BrasilFil: Pannunzio Miner, Elisa Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

Livelihoods, Household Income and Indigenous Technology in South Sumatra Wetlands

he research aimed to analyze livelihoods, household income and indigenous technology in South Sumatra wetlands. The research method used field survey and interviews with respondents by using questionnaires. Respondents were determined with stratified random sampling method. The research data are classified into two parts, i.e. primary data and secondary data. The research showed that three main farmer’s groups settling in wetlands are spontaneous migration (Buginese and Banjarnese), new comers (transmigration) and indigenous people (local people from South Sumatra). All these tribes running the different farming systems, new comers and indigenous farmers implement farms with rice monoculture, while spontaneous migration applied multi commodities. The average land ownership of farm households is 1.95 ha which is intended for rice fields (0.94 ha), estate (0.85 ha), and livestock and fisheries (0.16 ha). Indigenous farmers have the minimum land (0.75 ha), however the spontaneous migration has the largest lands (3.10 ha). The larger the land ownership by farmers, thus the farmer’s income will increase if the land is cultivated by farmers. Household income structure of farmers is dominated by food crop farming and this has led to the vulnerability of farmer’s income due to the uncertainty of agricultural activities. The more varied sources of farmer’s income, the income of farmers will increase also. The learning process of spontaneous migration indicates that the farm should follow the nature, so the coercion of nature means to increase operational costs of farming.Keywords: Livelihoods, household, income, indigenous technology, wetland

Indeks Calinski – Harabasz Analisis Fuzzy C – Means dan K – Means Cluster Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi Menurut Potensi Pertambangan, Penggalian, Pengadaan Listrik, dan Gas

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan Analisis Fuzzy C – Means dan K – Means Cluster dengan menghitung Indeks Calinski – Harabasz, di mana semakin tinggi Indeks Calinski – Harabasz suatu analisis cluster, semakin baik cluster yang terbentuk. Analisis Data menggunakan software JASP, data yang digunakan adalah data potensi pertambangan, penggalian, pengadaan listrik, dan gas berupa data kontibusi sektor – sektor tersebut dalam PDRB Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan Analisis Cluster Fuzzy C – Means, terbentuk dua clusters, sedangkan dengan Analisis K – Means terbentuk tiga clusters. Indeks Calinski – Harabasz K – Means lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Fuzzy C – Means. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, berdasarkan perbandingan Indeks Calinski – Harabasz, Analisis Cluster K – Means lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Fuzzy C – Means Cluster

Relation Visualization of Environmental Quality Index with Environmental Resource Indicators Using Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Model

This research aims to visualize the model of environmental resource factors on the constituent factors of the environmental quality index using the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) method, using secondary data sourced from IKLH 2020. The predictor variables in this study include air quality, water quality, land cover quality, and environmental quality. Some of the indicators in this research are Conservation Forest Area, Limited Production Forest Area, Fixed Production Forest Area, Protection Forest Area, Coral Reefs, and Mangroves. Data Analysis using MIMIC Model generated by JASP Software, showing a very significant baseline and model factor. Some predictor coefficients have low standard error (close to zero), as well as significant indicators coefficients, except coral reefs, with a p-value of 0.736. The form model is worth using, since the RMSEA is worth 0.188. With a P-Value of 0.005. A high R-Squared is given by two indicators, namely Limited Production Forest Area, and Fixed Production Forest Area, respectively valued at 0.968 and 0.79

Therapeutic Ultrasounds: Physical Basis and Clinical Assessment

Improving quality in US physiotherapeutical treatments is mandatory in order to get ‘evidence‐based’ clinical results. This implies quality assurance protocols for the equipment, as well as some tentative dosimetrical approaches to predict local heating in joints following US parameter setting and operative modality. Finally, the possibility of ‘personalized therapy’ with multimodal (by qualitative and quantitative, e.g. based on sonography) assessment is discussed

Metabolic profile and root development of Hypericum perforatum L. in vitro roots under stress conditions due to chitosan treatment and culture time

The responses of Hypericum perforatum root cultures to chitosan elicitation had been investigated through 1H-NMR-based metabolomics associated with morpho-anatomical analyses. The root metabolome was influenced by two factors, i.e., time of culture (associated with biomass growth and related “overcrowding stress”) and chitosan elicitation. ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) modeling showed that these factors act independently. In response to the increase of biomass density over time, a decrease in the synthesis of isoleucine, valine, pyruvate, methylamine, etanolamine, trigonelline, glutamine and fatty acids, and an increase in the synthesis of phenolic compounds, such as xanthones, epicatechin, gallic, and shikimic acid were observed. Among the xanthones, brasilixanthone B has been identified for the first time in chitosan-elicited root cultures of H. perforatum. Chitosan treatment associated to a slowdown of root biomass growth caused an increase in DMAPP and a decrease in stigmasterol, shikimic acid, and tryptophan levels. The histological analysis of chitosan-treated roots revealed a marked swelling of the root apex, mainly due to the hypertrophy of the first two sub-epidermal cell layers. In addition, periclinal divisions in hypertrophic cortical cells, resulting in an increase of cortical layers, were frequently observed. Most of the metabolic variations as well as the morpho-anatomical alterations occurred within 72 h from the elicitation, suggesting an early response of H. perforatum roots to chitosan elicitation. The obtained results improve the knowledge of the root responses to biotic stress and provide useful information to optimize the biotechnological production of plant compounds of industrial interest