The benign mimickers of carcinoma on breast MRI

The similarity between benign and malignant pathologies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a wide-ranging variability of the lesions from benign proliferative changes to invasive breast carcinoma cause a lower and wide-ranging specificity of breast MRI relative to its surpass sensitivity. A wide range of tissue components such as the skin, the adipose tissue, vascular and neural tissues, connective tissues, glandular tissues, ducts, and muscle tissues are found here all together. This pictorial review was aimed at deliberating benign mimickers of breast carcinoma on MRI and trying to call attention to the overlapping and distinctive features

Effect of octreotide on oxidative stress in the erythrocyte and kidney tissue in adriamycin-induced experimental nephrotic syndrome model

Abstract Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the reasons of end-stage kidney disease, and elucidating the pathogenesis and offer new treatment options is important. Oxidative stress might trigger pathogenesis systemically or isolated in the kidneys. Octreotide (OCT) has beneficial antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the source of oxidative stress and the effect of OCT on experimental NS model. Methods: Twenty-four non-uremic Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Control group, 2 mL saline intramuscular (im); NS group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg intravenous (iv); NS treatment group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg (iv) and OCT 200 mcg/kg (im) were administered at baseline (Day 0). At the end of 21 days, creatinine and protein levels were measured in 24-hour urine samples. Erythrocyte and renal catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured. Renal histology was also evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of CAT and TBARS in erythrocytes. Renal CAT level was lowest in NS group, and significantly lower than the control group. In treatment group, CAT level significantly increased compared with NS group. In terms of renal histology, tubular and interstitial evaluations were similar in all groups. Glomerular score was significantly higher in NS group compared with control group and it was significantly decreased in treatment group compared to NS group. Conclusions: Oxidative stress in NS might be due to the decrease in antioxidant protection mechanism in kidney. Octreotide improves antioxidant levels and histology in renal tissue and might be a treatment option

Pleural effusion following ventriculo-pleural shunt: Case reports and review of the literature

Ventriculo-pleural shunt (VPLS) is an acceptable alternative in the management of hydrocephalus. Imbalance between the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid an lead to formation of pleural effusion in patient with VPLS and on occasion produce symptoms. Pleural effusion could be a transudate or a non-specific exudate. We report our experience with this modality in relation to formation of pleural effusion and review the literature to make recommendation for its management. Information related to patients′ demographics, smoking history, prior pulmonary and occupational history, indication, duration and complications of the VPLS and their management was gathered to substantiate current recommendation with our experience

Ectopic omental deciduosis associated with pregnancy

Ectopic decidua (deciduosis) is most commonly localized in the ovary, uterus, cervix, and tuba uterina. It can rarely be observed within the peritoneum in pregnant women during laparotomy. More rarely, it can be localized in the omentum, appendix, liver, and spleen. It is usually incidental. In a 23-year-old female patient, a biopsy was taken from the thickening in a 4x3 cm area on the omentum during cesarean section. Microscopic evaluation revealed decidualized cells the majority of which had large polygonal eosinophilic cytoplasm and a few of which had vacuolated cytoplasm, that formed small nodules in the adipose tissue. Immunohistochemically, the decidualized cells were positive for vimentin, progesterone receptor antibody and negative for S-100, HMB-45, calretinin, pancytokeratin. The case was reported as ectopic omental deciduosis. Although ectopic omental deciduosis is a benign lesion, it may be confused with malignant tumors. Therefore, differential diagnosis should be made carefully. [Med-Science 2020; 9(4.000): 1093-6

Motor functions, quality of life and maternal anxiety and depression in children with cerebral palsy of different intelligence levels

Background. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood. In addition to motor impairment, it is frequently accompanied by intellectual disability (ID). We aimed to investigate the associations between motor functions, quality of life (QoL) and maternal psychopathology in children with CP of different intelligence levels. Methods. In total, 37 children and adolescents (16 females and 21 males) between 4 and 18 years of age diagnosed with CP were recruited from a Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF) were used for the children's motor functions assessment. Quality of life was determined by the caregivers with Pediatric Quality Of Life Inventory-Parent version (PedsQL-P). Maternal anxiety and depression levels were assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results. Moderate-severe ID (n=19)(13.5%, 37.8%) and normal IQ-mild ID (n=18) (32.4 %,16.2%) groups were evaluated in this study. GMFCS level 2 was more frequent in both groups. The majority of the severe-moderate ID group was at BFMF level 4, while the normal IQ-mild ID group was at BFMF level 2. PedsQL-P scores of children with CP, maternal BAI scores, and maternal BDI scores did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). Psychosocial PedsQL scores had a moderate negative correlation with the maternal BAI scores (r=-0.41, p<0.05). There was also a moderate positive correlations between the ages of children and maternal BDI scores (r=0.34, p<0.05). Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that maternal anxiety was correlated with psychosocial QoL in children with CP. Maternal depression scores increasing with the ages of the children with CP may also indicate the social support needs for mothers with children of chronic diseases. Further studies may reveal the associations with other biopsychosocial factors in children with CP of different intelligence levels by using longitudinal study designs with larger sample sizes

Meta Analysis of Allele and Genotype Frequency of Growth Hormone (bGH) Gene Alul Polymorphism, Which is Effective on Milk Yield in Holstein Cattle

There are studies investigating the relationship between bGH gene Alul polymorphism and milk yield in bovine breeds. In the presented study, the relationship between different genotypes and lactation milk yields was determined by analyzing bGH-Alul genotype and allele frequencies in Holstein breed by meta-analysis method. The study material consisted of studies investigating bGH-Alul polymorphisms that are effective on milk yield in Holstein breed. According to the determined criteria, allele and genotype frequencies of 4583 samples in 20 studies selected from 35 studies and milk yields of 932 samples in 6 studies in which milk yields were calculated according to genotypes were included in the meta analysis. In the study, meta analyzes LL, LV and VV genotypes and L and V alleles and lactation milk yields were performed for bGH gene. The study samples were proved to be unbiased with the Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlations test and funnel plot. As a result of the study, high heterogeneity was determined between the investigated studies concerning all genotypes (LL, LV and W) and allele frequencies (L and V), thus random effect model was used. Meta analyzes were done with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA). According to the random effect model, pooled ratios in LL, LV and W genotypes are 0.710, 0.260 and 0.030; pooled ratios for L and V allele frequencies were calculated as 0.818 and 0.182 and were found statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, mean milk yields in LL, LV and VV genotypes were calculated as 6.64, 6.96, 7.13 L x1000 according to meta-analysis and subgroup analysis results, but no significant difference was found (P=0.958). At the end of the study, closer results to the population parameter were obtained regarding the relationship between bGH-Alul polymorphism genotype and milk yield in Holstein cattle with meta-analysis

Evaluating the potential of multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for regional mapping of olive trees

Olives are a crucial economic crop in Mediterranean countries. Detailed spatial information on the distribution and condition of crops at regional and national scales is essential to ensure the continuity of crop quality and yield efficiency. However, most earlier studies on olive tree mapping focused mainly on small parcels using single-sensor, very high resolution (VHR) data, which is time-consuming, expensive and cannot feasibly be scaled up to a larger area. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data fusion for the regional mapping of olive trees for the first time, using the Izmir Province of Türkiye, an ancient olive-growing region, as a case study. Three different monthly composite images reflecting the different phenological stages of olive trees were selected to separate olive trees from other land cover types. Seven land-cover classes, including olives, were mapped separately using a random forest classifier for each year between 2017 and 2021. The results were assessed using the k-fold cross-validation method, and the final olive tree map of Izmir was produced by combining the olive tree distribution over two consecutive years. District-level areas covered by olive trees were calculated and validated using official statistics from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). The K-fold cross-validation accuracy varied from 94% to 95% between 2017 and 2021, and the final olive map achieved 98% overall accuracy with 93% producer accuracy for the olive class. The district-level olive area was strongly related to the TUIK statistics (R 2 = 0.60, NRMSE = 0.64). This study used Sentinel data and Google Earth Engine (GEE) to produce a regional-scale olive distribution map that can be scaled up to the entire country and replicated elsewhere. This map can, therefore, be used as a foundation for other scientific studies on olive trees, particularly for the development of effective management practices.</p

Unilateral Absence of Mental Foramen with Surgical Exploration in a Living Human Subject

The mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomic landmark of the mandible, in which the somatic afferent sensory nerve of the mandibular nerve emerges as mental nerve and blood vessels. The identification and actual location of MF are important in order to avoid sensory dysfunction or paresthesia due to mental nerve injury. In the literature there are some rare reports on the anatomical variations of the MF such as its location or presence of accessory foramina. The present report describes the absence of mental foramina on the left side of the mandible, as detected by cone-beam computed tomography before impacted tooth removal and observed directly during surgery