Differential diagnosis of three common Ixodes spp. ticks infesting songbirds of western Europe : Ixodes arboricola, I. frontalis and I. ricinus

The three most common Ixodes spp. ticks found on songbirds in Western Europe are Ixodes frontalis, I. arboricola and I. ricinus. As the latter species is a generalist, it shares several avian hosts with the two strictly ornithophilic species. Infestations of the three species can overlap in time and space, implying that tick-borne pathogens maintained by the ornithophilic ticks and their hosts could be bridged by I. ricinus to non-avian hosts. Whereas the endophilic Ixodes arboricola only occurs in cavities, I. frontalis has been collected frequently by flagging methods from understory vegetation, which is also the habitat of the fielddwelling I. ricinus. As the latter two species have rather similar morphological characteristics, they can easily be confused with each other. In this study, we present scanning electron photomicrographs of all developmental stages of I. arboricola and I. frontalis, and provide a differential diagnosis key to distinguish the ornithophilic ticks from I. ricinus. In addition, we interpreted their phylogenetic associations based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA with other Ixodes spp. ticks (I. lividus, I. turdus, I. brunneus, I. vespertilionis, I. trianguliceps, I. hexagonus, I. scapularis).Fund for Scientific Research –Flanders (FWO)http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ttbdishb201

Genetic Structure, Nestmate Recognition and Behaviour of Two Cryptic Species of the Invasive Big-Headed Ant Pheidole megacephala

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Differential diagnosis of three common **Ixodes** spp. ticks infesting songbirds of Western Europe : **Ixodes arboricola**, **I. frontalis** and **I. ricinus**

The three most common Ixodes spp. ticks found on songbirds in Western Europe are Ixodes frontalis, I. arboricola and I. ricinus. As the latter species is a generalist, it shares several avian hosts with the two strictly ornithophilic species. Infestations of the three species can overlap in time and space, implying that tick-borne pathogens maintained by the ornithophilic ticks and their hosts could be bridged by I. ricinus to non-avian hosts. Whereas the endophilic Ixodes arboricola only occurs in cavities, I. frontalis has been collected frequently by flagging methods from understory vegetation, which is also the habitat of the fielddwelling I. ricinus. As the latter two species have rather similar morphological characteristics, they can easily be confused with each other. In this study, we present scanning electron photomicrographs of all developmental stages of I. arboricola and I. frontalis, and provide a differential diagnosis key to distinguish the ornithophilic ticks from I. ricinus. In addition, we interpreted their phylogenetic associations based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA with other Ixodes spp. ticks (I. lividus, I. turdus, I. brunneus, I. vespertilionis, I. trianguliceps, I. hexagonus, I. scapularis).Fund for Scientific Research –Flanders (FWO)http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ttbdishb201

Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets

Prins, Jurate De, Prins, Willy De, Coninck, Eliane De, Kawahara, Akito Y., Milton, Megan A., Hebert, Paul D. N. (2013): Taxonomic history and invasion biology of two Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with links to taxonomic and molecular datasets. Zootaxa 3709 (4): 341-362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.4.

Bayesian cluster analysis.

<p>A: <i>ΔK</i> (a measurement of the rate of change in the structure likelihood function) values as a function of <i>K</i>, the number of putative supercolonies. In this case, <i>K</i> = 2. B: Graphical representation of the data set for the most likely <i>K</i> = 2, where each colour corresponds to a suggested cluster and each individual is represented by a vertical bar. The populations are indicated in the <i>X</i>-axis (AK: Akok; CA, CB and CC: Campo Forest Reserve; YM, YN, YS and YU: Yaoundé and its periphery). The <i>Y</i>-axis represents the probability for which an individual will be assigned to each cluster.</p

Results of the hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) evaluating the amount of genetic and chemical variance between and within supercolonies.

<p>Results of the hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) evaluating the amount of genetic and chemical variance between and within supercolonies.</p

Statistics (mean ± se and [95% confidence interval]) for genetic and chemical analyses of the four supercolonies defined from behavioural assays.

<p>SC-1: nests YM-13, YM-18, YM-19, YN-22, YN-23, YU-01, YU-02, YU-12, YU-24, YU-40, YU-41, YU-42, YU-43.</p><p>SC-2: nests YS-31, YS-32, YS-33, YS-34, YS-35, YS-36, YS-37, YS-38, YU-03, YU-04, YU-05, YU-06, YU-07, YU-08, YU-09, YU-10, YU-11, YU-25, YU-26, YU-27, YU-39, YU-44.</p><p>SC-3: nests CA-52, CA-53, CA-54, CA-55, CA-56, CA-57, CA-58, CA-59, CA-60, CA-61, CA-62, CA-63, CA-64, CA-66, CA-67.</p><p>SC-4: nests AK-86, AK-88, AK-91, AK-92, CB-70, CB-71, CB-72, CB-74, CB-75, CB-76, CB-77, CB-79, CC-80, CC-83.</p><p><i>A</i>: number of alleles; <i>Ar</i>: allelic richness; <i>H</i>: gene diversity; <i>f</i>: inbreeding coefficient; <i>Fst</i>: Wright's measure of population subdivision; <i>I</i>: Nei index; <i>E</i>: Euclidean distance.</p

Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) with country as grouping factor (Cameroon, <i>n</i> = 304; Australia, <i>n</i> = 419; South Africa, <i>n</i> = 20).

<p>Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) with country as grouping factor (Cameroon, <i>n</i> = 304; Australia, <i>n</i> = 419; South Africa, <i>n</i> = 20).</p