Modified Single-Patch Technique Versus Two-Patch Technique in Infants with Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect

Background: There are many techniques in repairing complete atrioventricular septal defect including: double patch technique, classic single patch technique and modified single patch technique. It's still debated which of these techniques is superior to the other one, our objective was to contrast the outcomes following surgery between the modified single patch and double patch techniques for repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect. Methods: This study includes 100 infants who underwent complete atrioventricular septal defect repair. Individuals were split into patients repaired with modified single patch as group A (n= 50), and patients repaired with double patch as group B (n= 50). Results: Group B showed significantly higher Cardiopulmonary bypass time (110 ±12 vs. 88 ±8 min, P < 0.001) Aortic cross clamp time (81 ±7 vs. 61 ±5 min, P < 0.001), ICU stay (10 ±1 vs. 9 ±1 day, P < 0.001), hospital stay (17 ±2 vs. 15 ±1 day, P < 0.001), and drainage amount (310 ±98 vs. 194 ±80, P < 0.001). No changes observed among groups of the study in other operative or postoperative statistics. Conclusion: Modified single-patch repair and two-patch repair did not yield significantly different results in the total correction of atrioventricular septal defects

Design and fabrication of dioxyphenylcoumarin substituted cyclotriphosphazene compounds photodiodes

The present study introduces cyclotriphosphazene compounds substituted by dioxyphenylcoumarin as a photodiode application. Firstly, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylphenyl)coumarin (1b) has been obtained by conventional as well as microwave assisted methods. Novel optoelectronic device characteristics for both mono and disubstituted dioxyphenylcoumarin bearing cyclotriphosphazene compounds (HCP-2 and HCP-4) have been synthesized from the reactions of cyclotriphosphazene containing dioxybiphenyl (HCP-1 and HCP-3) with compound 1b, respectively. The structures of compounds HCP 1–4 were identified by using elemental analysis, 1H, 13C-APT, 31P NMR and 2D HETCOR NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy methods. The Al/HCP-2/p-Si/Al and Al/HCP-4/-p-Si/Al photodiodes properties have been investigated from current-voltage (I−V) and capacitance-voltage (C−V) measurements. The electrical parameters of the prepared diodes such as ideality factor n and series resistance Rs were investigated in dark and at room temperature from (I−V) curve and Nord's method. As can be seen, the Al/HCP-2/p-Si/Al diode of high rectification ratio RR and with ideality factor greater than unity. The influence of light illuminations on the diode shows that the device can be used as photodiode with good efficiency. The barrier height ϕb and series resistance Rs have been calculated from the capacitance-voltage (C−V)and conductance-voltage (G−V) measurements under various applied frequencies from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. the high difference in the results of barrier height obtained from I-V and C-V calculations confirm the influence of series resistance and localized states on transport of charge carriers and the photodiode performance.TUBITAK-110T652 Fırat University, FÜBAP-FF.161

Improvement the efficacy of Al/CuPc/n-Si/Al Schottky diode based on strong light absorption and high photocarriers response

Copper phthalocyanine has been prepared by simple chemical approach and its structural and optical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits a notable peak at $2\theta =6.75^\circ$ assigned to the $\alpha -\,$ phase of CuPc. SEM images show the particles distributed in nanospheres with average size at about 50 nm. The linear optical constants like optical band gap $({E}_{g})$ and dielectric constants ( $\varepsilon ^{\prime} ,\varepsilon ^{\prime\prime}$ ) were estimated from transmittance and reflectance spectra in the wavelength range from 250 to 900 nm. The energy gap was found to be 1.62 and 2.90 eV dependent on the incident photon energy. Al/CuPc/n-Si/Al Schottky diode has been fabricated using thermal evaporation technique. The electronic parameters such as the ideality factor $(n),$ series resistance $({R}_{s}),$ and barrier height ( ${\phi }_{b}$ ) were evaluated in dark by applying the ( I – V ), Cheung-Chung, and Norde models. At various illumination intensities, the photocurrent sensitivity was studied based on the response of trapped charge carriers. At 1 Mhz, the built-in voltage $({V}_{bi})$ and donor concentration $({N}_{d})$ were calculated from ( C – V ) measurements. The findings revealed that CuPc/n-type Si can be used as photodiode in optoelectronic applications

Prussian blue analogue cobalt tetracyanonickelate hexacyanochromate decorated by CNTs: structural, morphological, optical characterization

Prussian blue analogues CoTCNi/HCCr and CoTCNi/HCCr/CNTs were stoichiometrically prepared by Co-precipitation method and the thin films deposited onto glass substrates via spin coater. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques have been used to analyze the samples. The findings revealed the fabricated nanostructured materials of face-centered cubic (FCC) phase, in spherical shape decorated by CNTs. Transmittance ( T %) and reflectance ( R %) spectra of the thin films were measured in the wavelength range from 200 to 900 nm. The films exhibit high transparency more than 70% within the visible spectrum. Besides, the optical band gap $({E}_{g})$ was estimated showing blue shift caused by CNTs support

Ultrastructural changes in the fat body of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) treated with zinc chromium oxide nanostructures via chemical co-precipitation approach

Abstract The present work aims to investigate the ultrastructural changes in the fat body of fifth instar nymphs Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) treated with zinc chromium oxide (ZnCrO). The nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation route and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ZnCrO NPs exhibited polycrystalline hexagonal structure, composed of spherical–hexagonal shapes with an average size ~ 25 nm. Besides, the UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Jasco-V-570) was utilized for optical measurements. The energy gap $$\left( {{\text{E}}_{{\text{g}}} } \right)$$ E g was estimated from the transmittance (T%) and reflectance (R%) spectra through the range of 3.307–3.840 eV. In biological sections, S. gregaria 5th instar nymphs, TEM images demonstrated that the fat body was strongly impacted with the concentration 2 mg NPs result in great agglomeration of chromatin in the nucleus as well as haemoglobin cells (HGCs) pierced with malformed trachea (Tr) at 5th and 7th days post treatment. The obtained results indicated a positive action of the prepared nanomaterial on Schistocerca gregaria fat body organelles. Graphical Abstrac

Enhancement the larvicidal activity of nanostructure copper oxide against Culex pipiens mosquito by yttrium replacement based on crystallite size reduction and topographic surface nature

The current work aims to improve the metal oxide characteristics for mosquito control. Un-doped and Y-doped CuO have been synthesized by simple chemical route. Structural, composition, and morphological properties were characterized by XRD, Raman spectra, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. The obtained results revealed that CuO was strongly affected by Y ^3+ support, in which the crystallite size decreased, and the surface area increased. Larvicidal performance was assessed against Culex pipiens suggesting that the nanocomposite CuO/Y of higher efficiency (LC _50  = 7.67 mg /l, R ^2  = 0.977) compared with pure CuO. Light microscopy and SEM images exhibited larvae malformations owing to using the fabricated nanomaterials

Integration of ZnO nanorods with silver ions by a facile co-precipitation for antimicrobial, larvicidal, and ovicidal activity

Abstract Background Infectious diseases prompted by micro-organisms such as fungi, parasites, or microbes, have influenced many countries’ public health causing death. Scientists declared that metal oxide composites have various advantages in the medical field such as the antimicrobial feature has freshly been revealed as well as its role in suppressing mosquito population. Methods In this work silver doped zinc oxide nanorods (Ag/ZnO NRs, 10 wt.%) were prepared by simple chemical route, and their microstructural characteristics were investigated by XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. The antimicrobial, larvicidal, and ovicidal of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined. Results The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited binary phase of crystallite size 112 nm was calculated from Williamson-Hall method. EDX spectrum revealed the purity of the composite consists of Zn, O, and Ag elements. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed the particles in nanorods with high density on the surface. The energy gap $$({\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{g}})$$ ( E g ) was evaluated from the UV–Vis absorbance in the range from 2.90 $$-$$ - 3.08 eV inside the visible spectrum. The antimicrobial activity of the nanorods was examined against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) with inhibition zones 10.5 and 14.5 mm, respectively. Whereas gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were 14 and 17 mm, respectively. Further, Candida albicans was investigated with inhibition zone 7.5 mm. Besides, the insecticidal impact of the nanocomposite against Culex pipiens larvae was performed at 30 mg/l causing 100% larval mortality with LC50 (11.78 mg/l). The micrograph images showed deformations in the larval body as well as egg resulting in zero egg hatchability. Conclusion The findings approved that synthesized nanorods have a significant impact on controlling pathogens that impart different diseases to humans and the environment. Graphical Abstrac

Synthesis of Prussian Blue Analogue and Its Catalytic Activity toward Reduction of Environmentally Toxic Nitroaromatic Pollutants

Nitroanilines are environmentally toxic pollutants which are released into aquatic systems due to uncontrolled industrialization. Therefore, it is crucial to convert these hazardous nitroanilines into a harmless or beneficial counterpart. In this context, we present the chemical reduction of 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) by NaBH4 utilizing Prussian blue analogue (PBA) as nanocatalyst. PBAs can serve as inexpensive, eco-friendly, and easily fabricated nanocatalysts. PBA cobalt tetracyanonickelate hexacyanochromate (CoTCNi/HCCr) was stoichiometrically prepared by a facile chemical coprecipitation. Chemical, phase, composition, and molecular interactions were investigated by XRD, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, SEM and TEM micrographs were utilized to visualize the microstructure of the nanomaterial. The findings revealed the synthesized PBA of the cubic phase and their particles in nanosheets. The band gap was estimated from the optical absorption within the UV–vis region to be 3.70 and 4.05 eV. The catalytic performance of PBA for the reduction of 4-NA was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy. The total reduction time of 4-NA by PBA was achieved within 270 s, and the computed rate constant (k) was 0.0103 s–1. The synthesized PBA nanoparticles have the potential to be used as efficient nanocatalysts for the reduction of different hazardous nitroaromatics

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Genes Involved in Sexual and Polyploid Growth Dimorphisms in Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

Sexual and polyploidy size dimorphisms are widespread phenomena in fish, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) displays both sexual and polyploid growth dimorphism phenomena, and are therefore ideal models to study these two phenomena. In this study, RNA-seq was used for the first time to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between both sexes of diploid and tetraploid loaches in four tissues (brain, gonad, liver, and muscle). Results showed that 21,003, 17, and 1 DEGs were identified in gonad, liver, and muscle tissues, respectively, between females and males in both diploids and tetraploids. Regarding the ploidy levels, 4956, 1496, 2187, and 1726 DEGs were identified in the brain, gonad, liver, and muscle tissues, respectively, between tetraploids and diploids of the same sex. When both sexual and polyploid size dimorphisms were considered simultaneously in the four tissues, only 424 DEGs were found in the gonads, indicating that these gonadal DEGs may play an important regulatory role in regulating sexual and polyploid size dimorphisms. Regardless of the sex or ploidy comparison, the significant DEGs involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were upregulated in faster-growing individuals, while steroid hormone biosynthesis-related genes and fatty acid degradation and elongation-related genes were downregulated. This suggests that fast-growing loaches (tetraploids, females) have higher energy metabolism levels and lower steroid hormone synthesis and fatty acid degradation abilities than slow-growing loaches (diploids, males). Our findings provide an archive for future systematic research on fish sexual and polyploid dimorphisms

Tigecycline and Gentamicin-Combined Treatment Enhances Renal Damage: Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Reaction, and Apoptosis Interplay

Although the combination of antibiotics is generally well-tolerated, they may have nephrotoxic effects. This study investigated whether tigecycline (TG) and gentamicin (GM) co-administration could accelerate renal damage. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: the control, TG7 (tigecycline, 7 mg/kg), TG14 (tigecycline, 14 mg/kg), GM (gentamicin, 80 mg/kg), TG7+GM, and TG14+GM groups. The combination of TG and GM evoked renal damage seen by the disruption of kidney function tests. The perturbation of renal tissue was mainly confounded to the TG and GM-induced oxidative damage, which was exhibited by marked increases in renal MDA (malondialdehyde) along with a drastic reduction in GSH (reduced-glutathione) content and CAT (catalase) activity compared to their individual treatments. More obvious apoptotic events and inflammation were also revealed by elevating the annexin-V and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, aside from the upregulation of renal PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression in the TG and GM concurrent treatment. The principal component analysis indicated that creatinine, urea, annexin-V, IL-6, and MDA all played a role in discriminating the TG and GM combined toxicity. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were the key mechanisms involved in this potentiated toxicity