Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films

: Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elongation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores

Numerical Study of Three-Dimensional Models of Single- and Two-Phase Nanofluid Flow through Corrugated Channels

This study delves into computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) predictions for SiO2–water nanofluids, meticulously examining both single-phase and two-phase models. Employing the finite volume approach, we tackled the three-dimensional partial differential equations governing the turbulent mixed convection flow in a horizontally corrugated channel with uniform heat flux. The study encompasses two nanoparticle volume concentrations and five Reynolds numbers (10,000, 15,000, 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000) to unravel these intricate dynamics. Despite previous research on the mixed convection of nanofluids using both single-phase and two-phase models, our work stands out as the inaugural systematic comparison of their predictions for turbulent mixed convection flow through this corrugated channel, considering the influences of temperature-dependent properties and hydrodynamic characteristics. The results reveal distinct variations in thermal fields between the two-phase and single-phase models, with negligible differences in hydrodynamic fields. Notably, the forecasts generated by three two-phase models—Volume of Fluid (VOF), Eulerian Mixture Model (EMM), and Eulerian Eulerian Model (EEM)—demonstrate remarkable similarity in the average Nusselt number, which are 24% higher than the single-phase model (SPM). For low nanoparticle volume fractions, the average Nusselt number predicted by the two-phase models closely aligns with that of the single-phase model. However, as the volume fraction increases, differences emerge, especially at higher Reynolds numbers. In other words, as the volume fraction of the nanoparticles increases, the nanofluid flow becomes a multi-phase problem, as depicted by the findings of this study.</p

Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on :Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of :Wheat Starch-Based Films

Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plas¬ticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elon¬gation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorp¬tion, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores

Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films

Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elongation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores